Metabolic engineering

Stevia rebaudiana produces sweet-tasting steviol glycosides (SGs) in its leaves which can be used as natural sweeteners. Metabolic engineering of Stevia would offer an alternative approach to conventional breeding for enhanced production of SGs. However, an effective protocol for Stevia transformation is lacking.

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An applied field of biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology) It is the products and exploitation from other fundamental sciences.Traditional Biotechnology Traditional biotechnology refers to a number of ancient ways of using living organisms to make new products or modify existing ones. In its broadest definition, traditional biotechnology can be traced back to human's transition from hunter-gatherer to farmer.

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Many biosynthetic reactions and bioconversions are limited by low availab-ility of NADPH. With the purpose of increasing the NADPH concentra-tion and⁄or the flux through the pentose phosphate pathway inAspergillus niger, the genes encoding glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (gsdA), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (gndA) and transketolase (tktA) were cloned and overexpressed in separate strains.

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NA helicases are ubiquitous molecular motor proteins which harness the chemical free energy of ATPhydrolysis to catalyze the unwinding of energetically stable duplex DNA, and thus play important roles in nearly all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism, including replication, repair, recombina-tion, and transcription. They break the hydrogen bonds between the duplex helix and move unidirectionally along the bound strand. All helicases are also translocases and DNA-dependentATPases.Most contain conserved helicase motifs that act as an engine to power DNA unwinding. ...

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A fatty-acid-metabolizing enzyme fromArabidopsis thaliana, CYP94C1, belonging to the cytochrome P450 family was cloned and characterized. CYP94C1 was heterologously expressed in aSaccharomyces cerevisiae strain (WAT11) engineered for P450 expression. When recombinant yeast microsomes were incubated with lauric acid (C12:0) for 15 min, one major metabolite was formed.

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An approach based on anin silico analysis predicted that CYP77A4, a cytochrome P450 that so far has no identified function, might be a fatty acid-metabolizing enzyme. CYP77A4was heterologously expressed in a Saccharomyces cerevisiaestrain (WAT11) engineered for cytochrome P450 expression. Lauric acid (C12:0 ) was converted into a mixture of hydroxy-lauric acids when incubated with microsomes from yeast expressing CYP77A4.

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There is growing concern about the safety of engineered nanoparticles, which are produced for various industrial applications. Quantum dots are colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles that have unique luminescence char-acteristics and the potential to become attractive tools for medical imaging. However, some of these particles can cause oxidative stress and induce cell death.

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Meeting report A burst of energy in metabolic disease research Jaswinder K Sethi Address: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QR, UK. E-mail: jks30@cam.ac.uk comment Published: 27 May 2004 Genome Biology 2004, 5:327 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.

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This information has not been peer-reviewed. Responsibility for the findings rests solely with the author(s). comment Deposited research article Gene expression profiles of peripheral blood cells in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy in Asian Indians Paturi V Rao*, Xinfang Lu†, Patrick Pattee†, Mark Turner†, Nandgaonkar Suguna* and Srinivasa R Nagalla† Addresses: *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500 082, India.

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