Modal logic

Continued part 1, part 2 of ebook "Philosophical and mathematical logic" provides readers with contents including: chapter 5 - arithmetic Gödel's incompleteness theorems; chapter 6 - modal logic; chapter 7 - philosophy of language; chapter 8 - intuitionism and intuitionistic logic; chapter 9 - applications prolog; relational databases and SQL; social choice theory; chapter 10 - fallacies and unfair discussion methods;...

279p hanlinhchi 29-08-2023 3 3   Download

Model checking has been recently introduced as an integrated framework for extracting information of the phylogenetic trees using temporal logics as a querying language, an extension of modal logics that imposes restrictions of a boolean formula along a path of events.

14p vioklahoma2711 19-11-2020 9 1   Download

This study deals with the concept of grammatical equivalence in Arabic-English translation. It investigates the problems that encounter student translators (STs) while translating grammatical constructions from Arabic into English. It is based on a parallel corpus of the translations of five groups of STs at the Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Taiz University, Yemen. The STs are doing their final year and by the time of the administration of the tasks, they had already studied 4 translation courses.

27p quenchua1 11-11-2019 24 1   Download

The paper constructs a hedge algebra and its extension with fuzzy logic to represent the quantitative aspect of trust/distrust and that of their cognitive factors. Then these two aspects are combined to estimate the degree of trust/distrust based on the degree of their cognitive factors.

11p dieutringuyen 07-06-2017 52 2   Download

This paper contributes to the theory of substructural logics .that are of interest to categorial grammarians. Combining semantic ideas of Hepple [1990] and Morrill [1990], proof-theoretic ideas of Venema [1993b; 1993a] and the theory of equational specifications, a class of resource-preserving logics is defined, for which decidability and completeness theorems are established.

7p buncha_1 08-05-2013 37 1   Download

The paper shows how Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) can be adapted to take advantage of the extra resourcesensitivity provided by the Categorial Type Logic framework. The resulting reformulation, Multi-Modal CCG, supports lexically specified control over the applicability of combinatory rules, permitting a universal rule component and shedding the need for language-specific restrictions on rules. We discuss some of the linguistic motivation for these changes, define the Multi-Modal CCG system and demonstrate how it works on some basic examples. ...

8p bunthai_1 06-05-2013 49 3   Download

An algorithm for generating the possible quantifier scopings for a sentence, in order of preference, is outlined. The scoping assigned to a quantifier is determined by its interactions with other quantifiers, modals, negation, and certain syntacticconstituent boundaries. When a potential scoping is logically equivalent to another, the less preferred one is discarded. The relative scoping preferences of the individual quantifiers are not embedded in the algorithm, but are specified by a set of rules.

8p bungio_1 03-05-2013 41 2   Download

In order to represent speech acts, in a multi-agent context, we choose a knowledge representation based on the modal logic of knowledge KT4 which is defined by Sato. Such a formalism allows us to reason about knowledge and represent knowledge about knowledge, the notions of truth value and of definite reference.

6p bungio_1 03-05-2013 38 1   Download

We examine several behaviors for query systems that become possible with the ability to represent and reason about change in data bases: queries about possible futures, queries about alternative histories, and offers of monitors as responses to queries. A modal temporal logic is developed for this purpose. A completion axiom for history is given and modelling strategies are given by example.

6p bungio_1 03-05-2013 34 1   Download

A scheme for syntax-directed translation that mirrors compositional model-theoretic semantics is discussed. The scheme is the basis for an English translation system called PArR and was used to specify a semantically interesting fragment of English, including such constructs as tense, aspect, modals, and various iexically controlled verb complement structures. PATR was embedded in a question-answering system that replied appropriately to questions requiring the computation of logical entailments. ...

8p bungio_1 03-05-2013 45 2   Download

Previous work on quantifier scope annotation focuses on scoping sentences with only two quantified noun phrases (NPs), where the quantifiers are restricted to a predefined list. It also ignores negation, modal/logical operators, and other sentential adverbials. We present a comprehensive scope annotation scheme. We annotate the scope interaction between all scopal terms in the sentence from quantifiers to scopal adverbials, without putting any restriction on the number of scopal terms in a sentence. ...

6p hongdo_1 12-04-2013 49 2   Download

C. Modal verbs 1. Must - Obligation, necessity, duty - Prohibition - Strong advice - Logical assumptions o Must can only be used to talk about the present or near future. We use have to when we need to use other tenses.

5p nghoangbaotran 23-11-2012 264 76   Download

Photogrammetry from aerial platforms has been recognized since the 20th century as an important technique to map aerial grades, cities and regions. The modalities known as terrestrial and short distance have also been used, although in lesser proportion, in architecture, to survey historical buildings and monuments.

146p bi_bi1 09-07-2012 59 8   Download

For centuries the human race has noted and recorded for the following purposes: memory; communication; problem solving and analysis; creative thinking; and summarisation, etc. The techniques that have been used to do this include sentences, lists, lines, words, analysis, logic, linearity, numbers, and monotonic (one colour) usage. Good though some of these systems seemed, they have all used what you know to be the dominantly 'left cortical' thought modalities.

52p quanghoa25 07-07-2012 181 43   Download

Tóm tắt: Lập trình logic modal là một mở rộng của lập trình logic cổ điển bằng cách thêm vào các toán tử modal (□, ◊) để suy diễn về các luật có thêm yếu tố độ tin cậy (belief), tri thức (knowledge), thay đổi động (dynamic change)…Bài báo trình bày tổng quan về lập trình logic modal.

9p thulanh1 06-09-2011 73 4   Download

LẬP TRÌNH LOGIC MODAL ĐỖ THANH THUỶ. Bộ môn Mạng và các hệ thống thông tin Khoa Công nghệ thông tin Trường Đại học Giao thông Vận tải Tóm tắt: Lập trình logic modal là một mở rộng của lập trình logic cổ điển bằng cách thêm vào các toán tử modal (□, ◊) để suy diễn về các luật có thêm yếu tố độ tin cậy (belief), tri thức (knowledge), thay đổi động (dynamic change)…Bài báo trình bày tổng quan về lập trình logic modal. Summary: Modal logic programming is extension of classical predicate logic programming with two modal operators □...

9p linhdan05016 24-01-2011 284 54   Download