Molecular typing

KRAS is the undisputed champion of oncogenes, and despite its prominent role in oncogenesis as mutated gene, KRAS mutation appears infrequent in gliomas. Nevertheless, gliomas are considered KRAS-driven cancers due to its essential role in mouse malignant gliomagenesis. Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain tumor, often associated with disturbed RAS signaling.

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NUP155 is reported to be correlated with tumor development. However, the role of NUP155 in tumor physiology and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has not been previously examined. This study comprehensively investigated the expression, immunological function, and prognostic significance of NUP155 in different cancer types.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of malignant liver tumor with poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the expression of transforming growth factor beta regulator 4 (TBRG4) in HCC and its effects on the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells, and analyzed the possible molecular mechanisms.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important epigenetic alterations that notably impact various physiological and pathological processes by acting as negative regulators of gene expression. Furthermore, they have a vital function in different types of cancers, including CRC.

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, and its molecular mechanisms are unclear. Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1), an indispensable mitotic regulator, has been reported to be involved in the development of several types of tumors.

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We used the molecular dynamic finite element method with Stillinger-Weber potential to study the mechanical behavior of monolayer 1H-type nickel ditelluride (1H-NiTe2) sheets under uniaxial tension.

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Ebook Modern neurosurgery of meningiomas and pituitary adenomas presents the state-of-the-art of neurosurgery for these two types of tumors. Following a classification of the pituitary adenomas according to pathology, molecular biological factors are presented and their effects evaluated as these aspects deepen our understanding of the growth and further expansion of these tumors.

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The chapters are divided into 4 parts: Part I describes flagellar type III protein exports, assembly, and gene regulation in S.

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Ebook "Cell–Cell interactions: Methods and protocols" is a versatile collection of readily reproducible cell-cell interaction assays for uncovering cellular interactions at the molecular level, both in vitro and in vivo. The protocols cover a diverse set of cell-cell interaction models in both normal and pathological states, are readily adaptable to nearly any cell type and organ system, and include primary data and outcome analysis.

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Epidermal growthfactor receptor(EGFR) and human epithelium receptor-2(HER2) are members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB) family implicated in the development of many types of carcinoma. Zanthoxylum simulans Hance has the effect of inhibiting growth and causing the death of many types of cancer cells. In this study, the molecular docking method and molecular dynamics simulations were used to evaluate the inhibition abilities of EGFR and HER2 receptors of 120 compounds in Zanthoxylum simulans Hance.

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Ebook "Introduction to plant pathology" introduces the eleven types of organism that cause plant disease, ranging from higher plants to viroids and describes examples of cash and staple crop diseases that have caused human catastrophes. Early chapters cover serological and molecular techniques for the diagnosis of plant pathogens, epidemiology, methods for estimating disease severity and its effect on crop yields and techniques for limiting inoculum.

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Ebook "Mechanisms of insulin action" will attempt to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. We explore insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems. The book will be appealing to basic and clinical scientists.

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Ebook "Gel chemistry: Interactions, structures and properties" covers various molecular, metal-organic, dynamic covalent, polymer and other gels, focusing on their driving interactions, structures and properties. It consists of six chapters demonstrating interesting examples of these gels, classified by the type of driving interaction, and also discusses the effect of these interactions on the gels’ structures and properties. The book offers an interesting and useful guide for a broad readership in various fields of chemical and materials science.

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Ebook "Nanomaterials preparation by thermolysis of metal chelates" focuses on the thermal transformations of various types of metal chelates, e.g. low molecular weight and polymeric metal chelates, coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks. It analyzes the major advances and the problems in the preparation of metal oxide materials, mixed-oxide nanocomposites, carbon materials and polymer derived non-oxide nanocomposites by the thermolysis of different metal chelates.

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Part 2 book "Molecular diagnostics - Fundamentals, methods, and clinical applications" includes content: DNA polymorphisms and human identifi cation, detection and identifi cation of microorganisms; molecular detection of inherited diseases, molecular oncology, DNA based tissue typing, quality assurance and quality control in the molecular laboratory.

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Severe infections with highly virulent community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) are a global problem. However, the molecular events defining the evolution of CA-MRSA are still poorly understood.

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Comprehensive mutational profiling data now available on all major cancers have led to proposals of novel molecular tumor classifications that modify or replace the established organ- and tissue-based tumor typing. The rationale behind such molecular reclassifications is that genetic alterations underlying cancer pathology predict response to therapy and may therefore offer a more precise view on cancer than histology.

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Genomic medicine has considerable potential to provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic solutions for patients who have molecularly complex diseases and who are not responding to existing therapies. To bridge the gap between genomic medicine and clinical practice, integration of various data types, resources, and joint international initiatives will be required.

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The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)/Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) clinical variant interpretation guidelines established criteria for different types of evidence. This includes the strong evidence codes PS3 and BS3 for “well-established” functional assays demonstrating a variant has abnormal or normal gene/protein function, respectively.

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The number of druggable tumor-specific molecular aberrations has grown substantially in the past decade, with a significant survival benefit obtained from biomarker matching therapies in several cancer types. Molecular pathology has therefore become fundamental not only to inform on tumor diagnosis and prognosis but also to drive therapeutic decisions in daily practice.

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