Multi-organ disease

Leptospirosis is a common zoonotic infection caused by the spirochete Leptospira. The disease is more prevalent in the tropics, causing subclinical to severe illness leading to high morbidity and mortality.

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Antithrombin III (AT III) is a critical component of the coagulation cascade that functions primarily to inhibit activated coagulation factors IIa and Xa. AT III deficiency is a disorder that predisposes patients to thromboemboli. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder that predisposes patients to vascular and microvascular thrombosis, which can often be devastating and lead to multiorgan involvement.

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Cystic fbrosis (CF) is a life-threatening multiorgan genetic disease, particularly affecting the lungs, where recurrent infections are the main cause of reduced life expectancy. In CF, mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein impair transepithelial electrolyte and water transport, resulting in airway dehydration, and a thickening of the mucus associated with abnormal viscoelastic properties.

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Scrub typhus is a bacterial zoonosis caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Timely diagnosis is necessary as the disease presents with varied signs, symptoms and may progresses to multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Scrub typhus shows wide antigenic variation, one of the methods for its detection is IFA. There is scarcity of data regarding antigenic variations of Orientia tsutsugamushi which is of importance in our country. About 100 serum samples were collected from patients who had fever for > 7days (excluding other causes of fever).

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The mortality rate due to severe sepsis is approximately 30–60%. Sepsis readily progresses to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction, representing a significant problem in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The aim of this study was to explore the value of plasma mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for early diagnosis and prognosis in children with sepsis.

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Invasive Meningococcal Disease results from bacterial infection with Neisseria meningitidis, a gram-negative aerobic organism that is usually a commensal in humans; 5-25% of adults are asymptomatic carriers. 8 Meningococci that cause invasive disease develop a capsule that protects the organism from host defence mechanisms.

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The most common identifiable cause of ACS in this study was pulmonary fat embolism (PFE). 4 Originally described in trauma victims, PFE is a frequent complication of bone fracture and may progress to involve the lungs and CNS with multiorgan failure and death. 10,11 The NACSS made the diagnosis by using BAL to identify fat-laden macrophages; less-invasive means of making the diagnosis are not well established, and even the specificity of fat-laden macrophages in BAL specimens has been questioned.

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Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Fulminant Leptospirosis (Weil’s disease) in an urban setting as an overlooked cause of multiorgan failure: a case report

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Confluent Desquamative Erythemas These eruptions consist of diffuse erythema frequently followed by desquamation. The eruptions caused by group A Streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus are toxin mediated. Scarlet fever (Chap. 130) usually follows pharyngitis; patients have a facial flush, a "strawberry" tongue, and accentuated petechiae in body folds (Pastia's lines). Kawasaki disease (Chaps. 54 and 319) presents in the pediatric population as fissuring of the lips, a strawberry tongue, conjunctivitis, adenopathy, and sometimes cardiac abnormalities.

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