Multiple human cancers

Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins modulate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling networks by terminating signals produced by active Gα subunits. RGS17, a member of the RZ subfamily of RGS proteins, is typically only expressed in appreciable amounts in the human central nervous system, but previous works have shown that RGS17 expression is selectively upregulated in a number of malignancies, including lung, breast, prostate, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Exposure of cells to ionizing radiation induces activation of multiple signal-ing pathways that play a critical role in controlling cell death. However, the basis for linkage between signaling pathways and the cell-death machin-ery in response to ionizing radiation remains unclear.

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The two main mammalian calpains, 1 and 2, are heterodimers of a large 80 kDa and a small 28 kDa subunit that together bind multiple calcium ions during enzyme activation. The main contact between the two subunits of these intracellular cysteine proteases is through a pairing of the fifth EF-hand of their C-terminal penta-EF-hand (PEF) domains.

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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and †The Genes and Development Graduate Program, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, and ‡Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Correspondence: Georg Halder. E-mail: ghalder@mdanderson.org comment reviews Published: 25 March 2004 Genome Biology 2004, 5:216 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.

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