Nitrate form of nitrogen

Present study was under taken for evaluation of 32 lines of F14 generation of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross of Danteswari/Dagaddeshi rice genotypes for yield and nitrogen related traits and the relationship between root and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) traits was further elucidated. It also helps to elucidate the Genotype × nitrogen interaction effect in rice.

13p trinhthamhodang1215 23-09-2020 11 2   Download

Nitrogen is the key nutrient factor that influences soil fertility and productivity. It is the mineral nutrient that exists in different forms, but nitrate form is the most preferred form by plants. Irrespective of the form in which N is applied to soil, it undergoes transformation viz. mineralization (ammonification, nitrification), denitrification etc. by enzymes produced by micro organisms.

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An experiment was conducted at the Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India during 2014 to study the effect of horizontal constructed wetland treatment of domestic sewage effluent on its quality and effect of its irrigation on soil nitrogen dynamics both temporally and spatially. The analytical results revealed that there was improvement in the quality of sewage effluent after passing through the constructed wetland treatment system which was reflected by reduction in pH, EC, BOD, COD and TSS.

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Nitrogen in manure occurs mainly in organic forms (e.g., proteins) and as ammonium (NH4+). Some composted manures contain small amounts of nitrate. Ammonium and nitrate are plant-available forms of N, while organic N is not immediately plant-available. Before organic N can be taken up, however, it must first be converted to inorganic forms. This process, which is completed by soil microbes as a by-product of organic matter decomposition, is called mineralization. The mineralization rate is therefore the rate at which organic N is made plant available.

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The present study was conducted to know the organic and inorganic fraction of nitrogen in soil under long term maize-wheat cropping sequence. It was observed that the effect of fertilizers and manures on ammonical nitrogen were reduces with depth irrespective of various treatment applied and with nitrate nitrogen, decreasing trend of this fraction with depth was observed. The pooled analysis of both year results reveals that the highest hydrolysable ammonia nitrogen (HAN) was found in treatment i.e. T9-100% NPK + FYM 10 t ha-1 .

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Denitrification is generally considered an anaerobic process. However, in recent years it has been shown that bacteria can also reduce nitrate to nitrite under aerobic conditions. The characterization of biologically available nitrogen forms and their biological cycling mechanisms is important for ecological and agricultural implications. In this study, aerobic nitrate reducers were isolated from greenhouse soil.

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If the soil becomes saturated, oxygen may become scarce and in anoxic conditions, denitrifying bacteria may convert the nitrate to nitrogen gases (NO, N2O, and N2). Nitrogen converted to these gases becomes unavailable for plant uptake or for surface water contamination. Additionally, saturated soil during the growing season is harmful to many crops like maize that cannot tolerate low oxygen concentrations in the root zone for more than a few days.

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Peroxyacyl nitrate (PAN) concentrations measured at a commercial site approximately 7 km north of the La Merced site were similar to those found in Los Angeles during the early 1970s. 16 PAN levels exceeded 30 ppb on five of the days sampled and exceeded 10 ppb on all but a few days of the study. 17 Although there is no air quality standard for PAN, high PAN concentrations are a good indicator of the organic oxidizing capacity of the urban air mass, since they are directly connected to organic peroxy radical formation and nitrogen dioxide (both ozone-forming precursors).

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Secondary aerosol is produced by the oxidation of primary gases (sulphur dioxide, SO2, nitrogen oxides, NOx, and volatile organic compounds, VOCs,) to sulphuric and nitric acid, and organic vapours, followed by their gas-particle conversion [26, 77]. Finally, some of these acidic gases can be neutralised by reaction with ammonia gas or calcium carbonate (calcite) forming secondary aerosol (ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, calcium sulphate, calcium nitrate).

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Transportation involves the combustion of fossil fuels to produce energy translated into motion. Pollution is created from incomplete carbon reactions, unburned hydrocarbons or other elements present in the fuel or air during combustion. These processes produce pollutants of various species, including carbon monoxide, soot, various gaseous and liquid vapour hydro carbons, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, sulphate and nitrate particulates, ash and lead.

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Nitrogen, found in commercial fertilizers and manure, is applied in many different chemical forms. Bacteria can convert all of them to nitrate, a form of nitrogen that can be taken up by plant roots. Nitrate is very soluble in water and is easily carried from farm fields into streams and rivers. Perforated pipes called tiles, which farmers bury under their fields to manage water drainage in an effort to maximize crop production, make the situation worse.

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Nitrate, the most common form of nitrogen in surface and groundwater, is directly toxic to human health. In- fants who drink water with high nitrate levels can develop an acute, life-threatening blood disorder called blue baby syndrome. high nitrate levels in water can also affect thyroid function in adults and increase the risk of thyroid cancer. Phosphorus stimulates explosive blooms of aquatic algae, including the especially dangerous cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that produce toxins that can be deadly to pets, livestock, wildlife – and people.

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