NP complete

Ebook "Introduction to computational molecular biology" brings together major results in the field, in coherent and readable format. Setubal and Meidanis present a representative sample of problems in molecular biology, focusing on the algorithms that have been proposed to solve them. Readers will find background material on molecular biology, definitions of key terms, descriptions of models, and a full sample of algorithmic results.

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This book consists of ten chapters and seven appendices. The chapters constitute the core of this book and are written in a style adequate for a textbook whereas the appendices provide additional perspective and are written in the style of a survey article. The relative length and ordering of the chapters (and appendices) does not reflect their relative importance but rather an attempt at the best logical order (i.e., minimizing the number of forward pointers).

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This beginning graduate textbook describes both recent achievements and classical results of computational complexity theory. Requiring essentially no background apart from mathematical maturity, the book can be used as a reference for self-study for anyone interested in complexity, including physicists, mathematicians, and other scientists, as well as a textbook for a variety of courses and seminars. More than 300 exercises are included with a selected hint set.

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Ebook "Introduction to complexity theory" includes content: The P vs NP question; NP-completeness and self reducibility; more on NP and some on DTIME; space complex; Non-Deterministic space; inside non-deterministic logarithmic space, randomized computations - non uniform polynomial time, the polynomial hierarchy; the counting class,... and other contents.

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Ebook "Data structures and algorithm analysis in C++ (Fourth edition)" explains topics from binary heaps to sorting to NP-completeness, and dedicates a full chapter to amortized analysis and advanced data structures and their implementation. Figures and examples illustrating successive stages of algorithms contribute to Weiss’ careful, rigorous and in-depth analysis of each type of algorithm.

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This book "Computational complexity: A modern approach" aims to describe such recent achievements of complexity theory in the context of more classical results. It is intended to both serve as a textbook and as a reference for self-study. Part 1 of book provide students with knowledge about: basic complexity classes; the computational model - and why it doesn’t matter; NP and NP completeness; the polynomial hierarchy and alternations;...

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Advanced Algorithms Analysis and Design - Lecture 44: NP completeness. In this lecture we will cover the following: NP completeness; polynomial time algorithms; decision and optimization problems; nondeterministic problems; nondeterministic algorithm; boolean combinational circuit; NP-completeness proof basis;...

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Theory of Computation: Lecture 24. The main topics covered in this lesson include: the class NP; verifiers and alternate characterization of NP like hampath, clique, subset sum problem; another characterization of the class NP; P vs. NP question; Cook-Levin theorem (statement only); polynomial time reducibility;...

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Theory of Computation: Lecture 25. The main topics covered in this lesson include: verification algorithms; subsetsum problem; alternate characterization of NP; the P versus NP question; polynomial time reducibility; NP completeness; satisfiability; Cook-Levin theorem;...

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Theory of Computation: Lecture 26. The main topics covered in this lesson include: NP-completness; satisfiability; Cook-Levin theorem; 3-colorable; translation algorithm; polynomial-time reducibility; non-deterministic turing machines;...

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Theory of Computation: Lecture 29-30. The main topics covered in this lesson include: NP-completeness; Cook-Levin theorem; polynomial time reducible; conjunctive normal form (CNF); verification algorithm; independent sets;...

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Theory of Computation: Lecture 30-31. The main topics covered in this lesson include: NP-completeness; propositional logic; independent sets; verification algorithm; Cook-Levin theorem; polynomial time; clique; graph theory;...

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Theory of Computation: Lecture 32. The main topics covered in this lesson include: NP-completeness; review of NP-completeness results; hamiltonian path problem; the diamond shape structure; the satisfying assignments; vertex vover;...

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Theory of Computation: Lecture 33. The main topics covered in this lesson include: TSP problem; polynomial time algorithm; the subset sum problem; NP-completeness; multi-set of positive integers;...

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The following will be discussed in this chapter: Complexity Theory, Decision Problems, Complexity Classes, Polynomial Time Verification, The Class NP, Reductions, Polynomial Time Reduction, NP-Completeness, Boolean Satisfiability Problem: Cook’s Theorem.

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The class NP-complete (NPC) problems consists of a set of decision problems (a subset of class NP) that no one knows how to solve efficiently. But if there were a polynomial solution for even a single NP-complete problem, then ever problem in NPC will be solvable in polynomial time. For this, we need the concept of reductions. In this lecture, you find clear explanations of Reductions.

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Heterogeneous Fenton-like removal of Acid Red 17 (AR17) from aqueous solution was investigated. Feimpregnated nanoporous clinoptilolite (Fe-NP-Clin) was prepared by an impregnation method and used as a catalyst. A complete characterization including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses was done to describe the physical and chemical properties of NP-Clin and Fe-NP-Clin samples.

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The results showed that 100 mL (20 ppm) of 4-NP was completely reduced into 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in 20 min. Moreover, 100 mL (20 ppm) of MB, 100 mL (50 ppm) of RhB, 100 mL (50 ppm) of MO and 100 mL (50 ppm) of Cr(VI) were completely reduced within 6, 20, 40, and 30 min, respectively, by MoSrOS-2 bimetal oxysulfide catalyst.

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Luận án trình bày các nội dung chính sau: Kiến thức cơ sở; Tổng quan về xử lý tính không nhất quán và tích hợp tri thức; Phương pháp khôi phục tính nhất quán trong cơ sở tri thức xác suất; Phương pháp tích hợp các cơ sở tri thức xác suất.

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The optimum catalyst concentration recommended for complete degradation was found as 100 mg/L under sunlight. Diclosulam residues in water were determined by HPLC- UV detector and the rate constant and DT50 values were calculated from the obtained data. Based on the results we observed that Cu-Zn NPs acted as excellent photocatalyst for the decontaminating of the diclosulam pesticide residues in water samples.

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