Organisms grow faster

Compensatory growth refers to the phenomenon in which organisms grow faster after the improvement of an adverse environment and is thought to be an adaptive evolution to cope with the alleviation of the hostile environment. Many fish have the capacity for compensatory growth, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear.

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In 1776, Adam Smith wrote An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Economists have been busily exam- ining the issue ever since. It is one of the most widely studied topics in the field of economics. One of the most common findings relates to how economic activity is organized. For example, capitalist coun- tries (those in which economic activity occurs on the basis of volun- tary exchange within private markets) tend to grow faster than socialist countries (those in which economic activity is organized by government).

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Expenditure on R&D is low by OECD standards. Business R&D (BERD) is particularly low but is growing faster than the OECD mean. However, as a proportion of total industry value added, New Zealand small fi rms undertake more BERD than small fi rms in most other OECD countries. International patenting rates are also well below the OECD mean and are not growing. New Zealand has a relatively large proportion of R&D personnel in its workforce but they are concentrated in the higher education sector and government.

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The body is made up of trillions of living cells. Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly way. During the early years of a person's life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out, damaged, or dying cells. Cancer begins when cells in a part of the body start to grow out of control. There are many kinds of cancer, but they all start because of this out-of-control growth of abnormal cells. Cancer cell growth is different from normal cell growth. Instead...

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