Photomultiplier tube

Ebook "Medical applications of colloids" is a collection of several chapters dealing with diverse topics of colloids and surfaces relevant to medical applications. Thus, Siiman describes the use of optical properties of uniform colloidal particles as probes in flow cytometry. In summary, this volume offers insight into a number of applications of colloid and surface science and techniques of essence in diverse medical applications.

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The multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) has recently emerged as a great type of silicon photomultiplier to replace or compensate for conventional vacuum-based photomultiplier tubes. This article examines the electrical and optical characteristics of an MPPC under loosely controlled environmental conditions.

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A radiophotoluminescence (RPL) material with high radiation sensitivity was made of polyurethane resin, silver-activated metaphosphate glass particles, and hollow glass microspheres. The density was adjusted to be 1.1 g/cm3 by controlling the amount of hollow glass microspheres.

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Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signals from individual quartz grains are frequently used for equivalent dose and age determination in luminescence dating. Typically, signals from individual grains are stimulated with a focussed solid-state laser and detected via a photomultiplier tube. In contrast to the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) usually used when stimulating multiple-grain aliquots, the laser has a much higher stimulation power density.

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Infrared radiofluorescence (IR-RF) is a technique with the potential to date sediment deposition beyond 1000 Gy. However, the total IR-RF signal is composed of several emissions whose separate characteristics are still poorly understood.

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The single photon pulses from compact photomultiplier tubes are amplified and stretched so that the pulses can be sampled efficiently by the USB oscilloscopes. A software interface written in Labview is then used to count the number of photon pulses in each of the prescribed time bins to form the histogram of LIDAR signal.

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The significance of flow cytometry can be summarized as the measure (-metry) of the optical properties of cells (cyto-) transported by a liquid sheath (flow) to a light source excitation (most often a laser) (Shapiro, 2003). FCM facilitates single cell analyses of both cell suspension, such as eukariotic and prokariotic cells, and “non cellular” suspension, such as microbeads, nuclei, mitochondria and chromosomes.

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