Price line structures

In this chapter, you will learn about: Profit margin controls, calculating initial markup & required markup, determining profitability of a department or store, pricing individual items, price line structures, markdowns & closeouts, calculating profits, a retail buyer’s role in the selling process.

5p nanhankhuoctai1 29-05-2020 36 4   Download

» Organizational structures and policies themselves can serve as risk controls. Segregation of duties, independence of control functions from business lines, and the use of committees or other, more informal approaches for breaking down silos between business units or departments are among a variety of organizational practices that may facilitate effective risk management. Although there is a tension between segregating functions and breaking down silos to facilitate information exchange, risk management requires a bit of both....

44p khanhchilam 29-03-2013 43 7   Download

» Clear communication facilitates effective risk management. Establishing clear and open lines of communication among interested parties across an organization helps ensure that certain risks do not fall through the cracks and that data and information flowing between business units (including, where relevant, external service providers such as the custodian, fund accountant, and transfer agent) are understood by all to mean the same thing. » Organizational structures and policies themselves can serve as risk controls.

44p khanhchilam 29-03-2013 58 9   Download

If the initial target is set as a result of competitive tendering, then the employer may feel some assurance that he is obtaining ‘value for money’. But if the target is negotiated or later has to be varied, then the employer may feel that the contractor’s knowledge of his intended methods and costs may enable him to add a margin in the target estimate to safeguard his position. This means that it is improbable that the target cost will ever be lower than the contractor’s privately estimated bottom line price....

45p tainhacmienphi 25-02-2013 41 4   Download

As deregulation and liberalisation has led to the emergence of global financial markets, banks expanded their international operations and moved into multiple lines of financial business. They developed complex risk management strategies that have allowed them to price financial products and hedge their risk exposures in a manner that improves expected profits, but which may generate more risk and increase liquidity problems in certain circumstances.

43p machuavo 19-01-2013 43 2   Download

The amount of capitalization required by a bad bank is essentially determined by two factors: operating costs and acquisition costs. When a low price is paid for the acquired troubled assets, this not only minimizes the risk of future losses but also keeps the initial capital requirements of the bad bank low. The source of financing determines whether the government or private sector provides the required start-up funding. The need for liquid funds depends on how the banks being freed of their troubled assets will be “paid.

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Enactment and enforcement of building codes can prevent structural defects from faulty construction. These efforts include establishing legal construction standards, issuing construction permits, and conducting inspections during the building process.

8p connhobinh 10-12-2012 45 0   Download

Our results indicate that the assumed structural identication scheme is compatible with the data. Based on the conrmed identication of funda- mental and nonfundamental shocks, the historical stock prices are decom- posed into fundamental components and nonfundamental components. In contrast to Binswanger (2004), the decomposition shows that the linkage be- tween Japanese stock prices and real activity shocks became strengthened since the bubble collapsed in the beginning of 1990s.

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The past ten years are witness to many changes in line with this objective. Trading and settlement procedures have been improved. New instruments have been introduced. Disclosure levels have been enhanced. Measures to protect investors’ interest and educate them have been initiated at least on paper. A code of corporate governance has been put in place. Steps were initiated to change the organisational structure of the stock exchanges.

18p quaivattim 04-12-2012 48 3   Download