Proper immune system

Relationships between specific microbes and proper immune system development, composition, and function have been reported in a number of studies. However, researchers have discovered only a fraction of the likely relationships.

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Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycotic infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus. Although histoplasmosis can occur in immunocompetent persons, but immunocompromised individuals, such as people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), are at high risk of developing disseminated disease. In AIDS patients, mortality may approach 50%, due to disseminated histoplasmosis, especially in those with severe manifestations.

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The ‘‘sunshine’’ vitamin is a hot topic that attracted ample attention over the past decades, specially that a considerable proportion of the worldwide population are deficient in this essential nutrient. Vitamin D was primarily acknowledged for its importance in bone formation, however; increasing evidence point to its interference with the proper function of nearly every tissue in our bodies including brain, heart, muscles, immune system and skin.

12p trinhthamhodang1 16-11-2019 30 2   Download

Arachidonic acid (AA), a 20 carbon chain polyunsaturated fatty acid with 4 double bonds, is an integral constituent of biological cell membrane, conferring it with fluidity and flexibility. The four double bonds of AA predispose it to oxygenation that leads to a plethora of metabolites of considerable importance for the proper function of the immune system, promotion of allergies and inflammation, resolving of inflammation, mood, and appetite.

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It is time to shift the arachidonic acid (ARA) paradigm from a harm-generating molecule to its status of polyunsaturated fatty acid essential for normal health. ARA is an integral constituent of biological cell membrane, conferring it with fluidity and flexibility, so necessary for the function of all cells, especially in nervous system, skeletal muscle, and immune system. Arachidonic acid is obtained from food or by desaturation and chain elongation of the plant-rich essential fatty acid, linoleic acid.

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AcmA, the major autolysin ofLactococcus lactisMG1363 is a modular protein consisting of an N-terminal active site domain and a C-terminal peptidoglycan-binding domain. The active site domain is homologous to that of muramidase-2 of Enterococcus hirae, however, RP-HPLC analysis of muropeptides released fromBacillus subtilispeptidoglycan, after diges-tion with AcmA, shows that AcmA is an N-acetylglucosaminidase.

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Gas1p is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored plasma membrane glycoprotein ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand is a representative of Family GH72 of glycosidases/transgly-cosidases, which also includes proteins from human fungal pathogens. Gas1p, Phr1-2p from Candida albicansand Gel1p fromAspergillus fumigatushave been shown to be b-(1,3)-glucanosyltransferases required for proper cell wall assembly andmorphogenesis. Gas1p is organized into three modules: a catalytic domain; a cys-richdomain; andahighly O-glycosylated serine-rich region. ...

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The DNA binding stringency of restriction endonucleases is crucial for their proper function. The X-ray structures of the specific and non-cognate complexes of the restriction nucleaseEcoRV are considerably different sug-gesting significant differences in the hydration and binding free energies.

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Such an integrative approach in basic and clinical gastroenterology seems to be essential for the pathomechanism, proper diagnosis and management of patients who suffer from gastrointestinal disorders. The potential reader will not only find in this book the recent advances in the physiology and pathomechanism of GI tract disorders, but also the treatment options based on pharmacological and surgical intervention and the recent advances in the biological therapy with probiotics and prebiotics, which nowadays is a rapidly growing area of interest.

594p wqwqwqwqwq 20-07-2012 47 8   Download