Risk of bias

Machine learning is used to understand and track influenza-related content on social media. Because these systems are used at scale, they have the potential to adversely impact the people they are built to help. In this study, we explore the biases of different machine learning methods for the specific task of detecting influenza-related content.

11p vighostrider 25-05-2023 3 2   Download

Routine primary care data may be used for the derivation of clinical prediction rules and risk scores. We sought to measure the impact of a decision support system (DSS) on data completeness and freedom from bias.

7p vighostrider 25-05-2023 7 2   Download

To assess fairness and bias of a previously validated machine learning opioid misuse classifier. The Black FNR subgroup had the greatest severity of disease and risk for poor outcomes. Similar features were present between subgroups for predicting opioid misuse, but inequities were present.

11p vighostrider 25-05-2023 2 2   Download

This article reports a systematic review of studies containing development and validation of models predicting postacute care destination after adult inpatient hospitalization, summarizes clinical populations and variables, evaluates model performance, assesses risk of bias and applicability, and makes recommendations to reduce bias in future models.

11p vighostrider 25-05-2023 4 3   Download

In this paper, we illustrate the use of the method in public health, investigating the effectiveness of interventions aiming to increase the uptake of accident prevention behaviours in homes with children aged 0–5.

13p viferrari 28-11-2022 13 2   Download

In Switzerland, there is a lack of adequate rehabilitation services, and effective coordination, that take into account the multifactorial health risks of older people. The literature shows that the hospitalisation rate in rehabilitation facilities has increased in recent years and that a gender bias exists. Additionally, there is little or no evidence available on the effect that a post-acute care programme might have over an extended period on functioning, quality of life and the informal network of older people.

10p vinobelprisen 26-03-2022 16 4   Download

The past years have seen the rise of genomic biobanks and mega-scale meta-analysis of genomic data, which promises to reveal the genetic underpinnings of health and disease. However, the over-representation of Europeans in genomic studies not only limits the global understanding of disease risk but also inhibits viable research into the genomic differences between carriers and patients.

19p vilichoo2711 23-06-2021 9 1   Download

Denosumab treatment for up to 8 years in the FREEDOM study and Extension was associated with low fracture incidence. It was not clear whether subjects who discontinued during the study conduct had a higher risk of fracture than those who remained enrolled, thereby underestimating the true fracture risk for the entire trial cohort.

8p vitennessee2711 02-02-2021 6 2   Download

To aid design of exercise trials for people with pelvic and lower limb fragility fractures a systematic review was conducted to identify what types of exercise interventions and mobility outcomes have been assessed, investigate intervention reporting quality, and evaluate risk of bias in published trials.

13p vimariana2711 22-12-2020 7 0   Download

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that are inappropriately designed or executed may provide biased findings and mislead clinical practice. In view of recent interest in the treatment and prevention of thrombotic complications in cancer patients we evaluated the characteristics, risk of bias and their time trends in RCTs of anticoagulation in patients with cancer.

8p vijisoo2711 29-09-2020 13 1   Download

Breast cancer survivors are at risk of developing breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) after surgical treatment, which may have a negative effect on quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical role of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and the relationship between the development of BCRL in breast cancer survivors who have undergone axillary surgery.

8p vikuala271 13-06-2020 8 1   Download

The simulation results show that three to five bond funds reduce standard deviation of terminal wealth by 50% and about 100 funds reduce the standard deviation by 90%. Given the annualized marginal cost of 0.13% for bond funds, bond investors should hold three to five funds. However, equity investors who want to diversify need only one to two bond funds, regardless of risk measures. Holding more than two bond funds does not reduce portfolio risk much further especially for portfolios with high equity weights.

26p covid19 19-04-2020 14 1   Download

The “Watch Me Grow” (WMG) study examines the current developmental surveillance system in South West Sydney. This paper describes the establishment of the study birth cohort, including the recruitment processes, representativeness, follow-up and participants’ baseline risk for future developmental risk.

11p vichengna2711 25-02-2020 15 0   Download

To investigate the efcacy and safety of omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) in treating depressive disorders in children and adolescents.

9p vigustavia2711 19-12-2019 5 0   Download

This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies discussing TNF-a 308 polymorphism and male infertility. This study was conformed to Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases were searched to identify relevant studies by two independent reviewers. Hazard ratios were pooled using fixed-effect or random-effects models when appropriate. Q-test was performed to evaluate study heterogeneity and publication bias appraised using funnel plots.

8p kequaidan1 16-11-2019 30 1   Download

This dissertation aims to prove that individuals make irrational decisions when under such circumstances as uncertainty and risk. The research conducted assesses forty-two Irish professionals and their behaviour while making decisions pertaining specifically to that of investing in stocks and shares. In particular, the dissertation focuses predominantly on one aspect of Behavioural Finance i.e. the sunk-cost fallacy. Other biases such as overconfidence bias, regret aversion, mental accounting and so on are also considered.

63p nguyenyenyn117 18-06-2019 46 5   Download

A comparison between community and inpatient detoxification of alcohol dependent patients found no difference in the number of patients remaining sober six months later.82 At least three out of four such patients can be detoxified successfully in the community.82 No studies of outpatient detoxification using medication were identified where fits occurred but studies had, appropriately, excluded patients with a history of withdrawal seizures or with impending delirium.83 Home detoxification does not appear to have any clinical advantages but may offer cost savings.

20p seketnoi 26-04-2013 44 6   Download

The Joint Forum supports continued efforts by firms to further develop such methodologies in spite of the difficulties associated with both the need to reconcile differing time horizons for risk assessment and the measurement of diversification benefits. However, it should be noted the potential for excessive optimism when making simplifying assumptions in the calculation of risk measures that span multiple categories of risk.

65p taisaovanchuavo 23-01-2013 39 1   Download

Special category deposit accounts, diaspora bonds, the securitization of future remittances, and transnational loans are among the financial instruments whose potential have yet to be fully exploited. Multilateral institutions as well as public and private institutions can help developing countries improve their banking sector and raise credit ratings. One of the fundamental challenges for many countries that lack foreign investment is the perception of economic, political, or social risk among the diaspora and general investors.

16p machuavo 19-01-2013 49 2   Download

Microfinance International Corporation (MFIC). Since 2006 MFIC, a US-based financial services corporation, has partnered with microfinance lenders and remittance transaction operators in El Salvador, Guatemala, and the Plurinational State of Bolivia to provide transnational mortgage loans to immigrants in the United States and Spain. MFIC links remittances to housing microfinance. Partnering with two microfinance institutions (MFIs) — Apoyo Integral de S.V. and Sociedad Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito (AMC) — MFIC launched a pilot program in El Salvador in September 2006.

12p machuavo 19-01-2013 37 3   Download