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Secreted molecules
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Cancer cells express immunosuppressive molecules, such as programmed death ligands (PD-L)1 and PD-L2, enabling evasion from the host’s immune system. Cancer cells synthesize and secrete acetylcholine (ACh), acting as an autocrine or paracrine hormone to promote their proliferation, differentiation, and migration.
20p
visharma
20-10-2023
6
2
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Part 2 book "Molecular cell biology" includes content: Transmembrane transport of ions and small molecules; cellular energetics; moving proteins into membranes and organelles; vesicular traffic, secretion, and endocytosis; signal transduction and protein–coupled receptors; signaling pathways that control gene expression; cell organization and movement i: microfilaments; cell organization and movement II- microtubules and intermediate filaments; the eukaryotic cell cycle... and other contents.
448p
oursky06
17-10-2023
3
1
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Adipose tissue has been identified as an endocrine organ secreting adipokines involved in metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, is reduced in sepsis. High Molecular Weight (HMW) adiponectin, the biologically most relevant molecule, has been investigated very little in human sepsis.
10p
viisaacnewton
26-04-2022
7
1
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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are multifunctional effector molecules that often combine direct antimicrobial activities with signaling or immunomodulatory functions. The skin secretions of anurans contain a variety of such bioactive peptides. The identification of AMPs from frog species often requires sacrificing several specimens to obtain small quantities of crude peptides, followed by activity based fractionation to identify the active principles.
10p
vitzuyu2711
29-09-2021
8
1
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles secreted by the cells that mediate intercellular transfer of molecules and contribute to transduction of various signals. Viral infection and action of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been shown to alter molecular composition of EV content.
21p
visilicon2711
20-08-2021
10
1
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During the preimplantation phase in the pig, the conceptus trophoblast elongates into a filamentous form and secretes estrogens, interleukin 1 beta 2, interferons, and other signaling molecules before attaching to the uterine epithelium.
19p
viansan2711
30-07-2021
13
1
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Salt, a common environmental stress factor, inhibits plant growth and reduces yields. Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that regulates plant growth and can alleviate environmental stress in plants.
11p
vijichea2711
28-05-2021
10
1
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Matricellular glycoprotein, SPARC is a secreted molecule, that mediates the interaction between cells and extracellular matrix. SPARC functions as a regulator of matrix organization and modulates cell behavior.
12p
vianrose2711
27-04-2021
9
0
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During early stages of brain development, secreted molecules, components of intracellular signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators act in positive and negative feed-back or feed-forward loops at the midhindbrain boundary.
12p
vimariana2711
22-12-2020
9
1
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Endothelial cells play a complex role in the pathobiology of cancer. This role is not limited to the making of blood vessels to allow for influx of oxygen and nutrients required for the high metabolic demands of tumor cells. Indeed, it has been recently shown that tumor-associated endothelial cells secrete molecules that enhance tumor cell survival and cancer stem cell self-renewal.
11p
virose2711
25-09-2020
18
1
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Resistin, adipocyte-secreting adipokine, may play critical role in modulating cancer pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistin on HCC adhesion to the endothelium, and the mechanism underlying these resistin effects.
9p
virose2711
25-09-2020
13
1
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Transplanted neural stem cells promote neural tissue regeneration and functional recovery primarily by releasing paracrine factors. Exosomes act as important secreted paracrine molecules to deliver therapeutic agents involved in cellular functions. Here, we focused on the role of exosomes (hNSC-Exo) derived from human neural stem cells (hNSCs). We utilized the pro-inflammatory factor interferon gamma (IFN-c) to induce the generation of altered exosomes (IFN-c-hNSC-Exo), and compared their roles with those of hNSC-Exo and explored the potential mechanism.
11p
covid19
14-06-2020
30
1
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Thiazolidinedione is a pentacyclic moiety having five membered unsaturated ring system composed with carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur molecules at 1 and 3 position of the thiazole ring and widely found throughout nature in various form. They favourably alter concentration of the hormones secreted by adipocytes, particularly adiponectin.
11p
vijiraiya2711
27-05-2020
11
1
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Plants are exposed to various types of pathogens and pests throughout their life including viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes and insects. Plants have evolved for different strategies to combat pathogen entry and disease development. Pathogenic microorganisms have their own strategies to overcome plant defense responses. Pathogens secrete ‘effector’ molecules which manipulate host cell structure and function to facilitate successful infection and also trigger defense responses in host cells. New emerging concept of ‘effector’ has been put forth in this review.
6p
quenchua4
06-04-2020
12
1
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Mushroom fungi secrete antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral bioactive compounds of therapeutic and pharmacological value. Very limited work has been done on the exploration of antimicrobial principles from macrobasidiomycetes against plant pathogens. In this view, a study was proposed to screen eight mushroom fungi viz.
15p
chauchaungayxua3
07-02-2020
13
0
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In Taiwan, oral cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the most common malignancy with a poor prognosis. Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) is secreted by vascular endothelial cells in the liver, lungs, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. ESM-1 expression is associated with tumor prognosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis in many cancers.
7p
vicaracas2711
27-11-2019
15
1
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Endometriosis, although not malignant, has clinically demonstrated properties of invasiveness and metastasis. The pathogenesis of endometriosis, however, has not yet been elucidated. The immunological differences between endometriosis and malignant gynecologic tumors were analyzed by assessing C-type lectin receptors, which are associated with innate immunity, and immunoglobulin secretion, which is associated with B cell adaptive immunity, in the peritoneal fluid of these patients.
6p
vinasaki2711
12-11-2019
10
1
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Exosomes represent an important mode of intercellular communication and play key roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes have hitherto exhibited their capacity to modulate biological activities through their carrying of functional molecules such as proteins, lipids, and genetic materials. In the current study, we investigated exosomes released by mature dendritic cells (mDCs) and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions. Ultracentrifugation was used to isolate and purify the exosomes.
7p
caygaocaolon1
13-11-2019
19
1
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In the horseshoe crab, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces exocyto-sis by granular hemocytes, resulting in the secretion of various defense molecules, such as lectins and antimicrobial peptides, via a G protein-mediating signaling pathway. This response is a key component of the horseshoe crab innate immune response against infectious microorganisms. Here, we report an endogenous amplification mechanism for LPS-induced hemocytes exocytosis.
9p
fptmusic
11-04-2013
42
1
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Peripheral nerve injury is normally followed by a robust regenerative response. Here we describe the early changes associated with injury from the initial rise in intracellular calcium and the subsequent activation of transcription factors and cytokines leading to an inflammatory reaction, and the expression of growth factors, cytokines, neuropeptides, and other secreted molecules involved in cell-to-cell communication promoting regen-eration and neurite outgrowth.
11p
awards
06-04-2013
32
2
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