Semantic ambiguity

This paper describes the use of an on-line system to do word-sense ambiguity resolution and content analysis of English paragraphs, using a system of semantic analysis programmed in Q32 LISP 1.5. The system of semantic analysis comprises dictionary codings for the text words, coded forms of permitted message, and rules producing message forms in combination on the basis of a criterion of semantic closeness. All these can be expressed as a single system of rules of phrase-structure form.

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The difficulties encountered in the field of machine translation are many. The areas of contact between meaning and the syntactic vehicle expressing it are refractory and pose a problem for linguistic computational research. An applied radical semantics offers some operational solutions for ambiguous syntactic situations. Subject identification within a twoplace predicate structure is presented as an illustration of the resolving power of applied radical semantics.

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Ambiguity, both syntactic and semantic, a problem that arises in the translation of Russian to English because of polysemantic forms in Russian, can be resolved by an analysis of the context in which the polysemantic form occurs.

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The extent of the problem of multiple meaning in translation is illustrated in this analysis of a sample page of Russian scientific text. The use of an idioglossary represents only a partial solution to the problem. AN ANALYSIS of a sample page of Russian scientific text 1 revealed the following distribution of words, with respect to semantic clarity or ambiguity:

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The difficulty is not so much one of word order as of syntactic and semantic ambiguity of individual words. Regardless of the treatment of the problem of inflected forms, for example, it is impossible in the majority of instances to identify the grammatical case of Russian nouns. In addition to syntactic ambiguity, multiple equivalents must be assigned to a large percentage of words (to an estimated 45% of the running words in a physics text).

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