Signaling enzymes

Metabolic inhibitors and receptor antagonists are indispensable tools for the molecular life scientist. By blocking specific enzymes or receptor-mediated signal transduction cascades, they simplify the analysis of complex cellular processes especially when it is essential to demonstrate that a process of interest is functionally linked to a particular enzyme or receptor.

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Ebook "Plant lipid signaling protocols" is dedicated to the various experimental approaches by which plant signaling lipids can be studied. Experts in the field have contributed their knowledge and extensive experience to provide a collection of 27 chapters on the analysis of plant signaling lipids, including detailed protocols to detect various relevant compounds by targeted or nontargeted approaches.

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Ebook "Biology of inositols and phosphoinositides: Subcellular biochemistry (Volume 39)" describes the current status of the biology of inositols and phosphoinositides with an emphasis on the development in the area since the publication of volume 26 in 1996 in this series. The progress made in dissecting the genetics, structure and evolution of the seminal enzyme for synthesis of inositol in the biological system has driven the understanding of the enzyme forward.

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Ebook "Biocompatible graphene for bioanalytical applications" highlights the latest advances in the use of graphene and bio-compatible-material-decorated graphene to detect various targets (e.g. DNA, RNA, amino acids, peptides, proteins, enzymes, antigens, glucose, DA, AA, UA, ATP, NADH, gas, ions, etc.). It focuses on the specific interaction of these substances with graphene (or modified graphene) and the efficient transduction of the target recognition event into detectable signals via various techniques.

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Congenital heart disease occurs in approximately 1 in 100 cases. Although sibling occurrence is high (3–9%), the causative genes for this disease are still being elucidated. PLD1 (Phospholipase D1) is a recently discovered gene; however, few case reports have been published on it.

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Part 2 book "Textbook of biochemistry - With clinical correlations" includes content: Proteins II - Structure function relationships in protein familie; enzymes - Classification, kinetics, and control; the cytochromes p450 and nitric oxide synthases; biological membranes - structure, receptors, and solute transport; fundamentals of signal transduction; bioenergetics, mitochondria, and oxidative metabolism,... and other contents.

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Part 1 book "Marks' basic medical biochemistry - A clinical approach" includes content: Metabolic fuels and dietary components; the fed or absorptive state; water, acids, bases, and buffersm; structures of the major compounds of the body; amino acids in proteins; structure function relationships in proteins; enzymes as catalysts; regulation of enzymes; relationship between cell biology and biochemistry; cell signaling by chemical messengers.

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Part 1 book "Biochemistry" includes content: Biochemistry - an evolving science, protein composition and structure, exploring proteins and proteomes, DNA, RNA and the flow of genetic information, exploring genes and genomes, exploring evolution and bioinformatics, hemoglobin - portrait of a protein in action, enzymes - basic concepts and kinetics, catalytic strategies, regulatory strategies, carbohydrates, lipids and cell membranes, membrane channels and pumps, signal transduction pathways.

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Part 2 book "Fundamentals of biochemistry, life at the molecular level" includes content: Enzyme kinetics, inhibition, and control biochemical signaling; nucleotides, nucleic acids, and genetic information; amino acids, membrane transport; lipids and biological membranes; enzymatic catalysis, biochemical signaling, glucose catabolism,... and other contents.

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In a previous study, a gene GL0694641 coding for endoglucanase containing 3 domains GH5- CBM72-CBM72 was exploited from metagenomic DNA data of bacteria in Vietnamese goats’ rumen. The gene (eg5) encoding the mature enzyme (without signal peptide coding sequence) was optimized codons, artificially synthesized, and inserted into the pET22b(+) vector at NcoI and XhoI to generate expression vector pET22-eg5 for expression of the gene in Eschrichia coli.

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Proper phosphate signaling is essential for robust growth of Escherichia coli and many other bacteria. The phosphate signal is mediated by a classic two component signal system composed of PhoR and PhoB.

11p vinarcissa 21-03-2023 2 1   Download

UBE2O as an atypical ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme possesses an E2-E3 hybrid enzyme activity. It can regulate substrate levels or transcriptional activities by cooperating with other E3 ubiquitin ligases or forming homomeric complexes displaying intrinsic E2 and E3 activities. UBE2O controls the quality of cell proteome including protein degradation, modification, transport and location.

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Quantitation was performed with multiple reaction monitoring in the negative ionization mode. The response of the method was linear over a dynamic range of 0.5–500, 1.0–750, and 0.25–150 ng/mL for LOS, EXP-3174, and HCTZ, respectively. Extent of signal suppression/enhancement was examined through postcolumn infusion. The effect of matrix components was evaluated by postextraction spiking and calculation of the slope of calibration lines. The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of 50 mg losartan and 12.

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Since plants are exposed to diverse environmental stresses in their natural area, numerous reviews have demonstrated many aspects of dehydrins (DHNs), including structural and functional dynamics, and multiple roles such as membrane protection, cryoprotection of enzymes, chaperone feature, and protection from reactive oxygen species. In this review, we have focused on new information, and other promising and emerging topics of DHNs in plants.

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For the first time a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based sensor for tyrosinase is described. This sensor is based on the electropolymerization of scopoletin or o-phenylenediamine in the presence of tyrosinase from mushrooms, which has a high homology to the human enzyme. The template was removed either by treatment with proteinase K or by alkaline treatment. The measuring signal was generated either by measuring the formation of a product by the target enzyme or by evaluation of the permeability of the redox marker ferricyanide.

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The murine discs large homolog 2 (DLG2; post synaptic density 93 (PSD-93); Chapsyn-110) is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein family involved in receptor assembly and associated with signaling enzymes on cell membranes.

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The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is involved in signal transduction networks that underpin many different biological processes in plants, ranging from development to biotic and abiotic stress responses. To date this class of enzymes has received little attention in Triticeae species, which include important cereal crops (wheat, barley, rye and triticale) that represent over 20% of the total protein food-source worldwide.

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The efficient detection and initiation of appropriate response to abiotic stresses are important to plants survival. The plant G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are diverse membranous proteins that are responsible for signal transduction.

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Adenovirus protein, Gam1, triggers the proteolytic destruction of the E1 SUMO-activating enzyme. Microinjection of an empirically determined amount of Gam1 mRNA into one-cell Xenopus embryos can reduce SUMOylation activity to undetectable, but nonlethal, levels, enabling an examination of the role of this posttranslational modification during early vertebrate development.

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Deciphering the molecular mechanisms mediating the chemical senses, taste, and smell has been of vital importance for understanding the nature of how insects interact with their chemical environment. Several gene families are implicated in the uptake, recognition, and termination of chemical signaling, including binding proteins, chemosensory receptors and degrading enzymes.

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