Skin hyperpigmentation

Part 2 book "Saunders solutions in veterinary practice - Small animal dermatology" includes content: Introduction to ulcerative and erosive dermatoses; erythema multiforme; vasculitis; familial canine dermatomyositis; feline eosinophilic plaque, head and neck pruritus; fly strike in a rabbit (myiasis); introduction to skin and hair pigmentation, vitiligo in two dogs, uveodermatological syndrome, lentigo simplex, hyperpigmentation due to hypothyroidism,... and other contents.

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Melasma is a common acquired, chronic hypermelanosis, more common in women and dark skin types, less dangerous but greatly affects aesthetics. The picosecond laser have been used with good effectiveness on melasma.

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In addition, she had skin hyperpigmentation, multiple supra and infra-diaphragmatic lymphadenopathies, hepatosplenomegaly and osteosclerotic lesions. Serum immunofixation was positive for immunoglobulin G-kappa gammopathy. A lymph node excisional biopsy was compatible with Castleman disease. The diagnosis of POEMS syndrome associated with Castleman disease was made.

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The prevalence of gingival hyperpigmentation in outpatients at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital; the association between gingival hyperpigmentation and age, gender, smoking status, and skin color.

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This study aimed to investigate skin condition, quality of life, and psychological impact of breast cancer patients after radiation therapy. We designed and administered a questionnaire to breast cancer survivors for better understanding the skin sequelae after radiation therapy.

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A 7 years old female Labrador dog was presented with the history of alopecia with pruritis and inappetance for the past three months. Physical examination revealed bilateral alopecia with hyperpigmentation of skin. Thyroid function tests revealed decrease in T3 and T4 and increase in TSH values and thus indicating hypothyroidism. Haematological and other biochemical parameters were found be within normal limits except leukocytosis. Based on the laboratory findings the animal was treated with Levothyroxine sodium (Eltroxin tab) @20 μg/kg body weight PO, q 12hrs.

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Polymyxin B (PMB), which is regarded as the ultimate antibacterial treatment against some intractable gram-negative bacteria with its outstanding anti-bacterial activities, inflicts several adverse effects on patients. However, skin hyperpigmentaion (SH) induced by PMB is very rare.

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Hyperpigmentation is a type of pigmentary disorder induced by overexpression of melanin content activated severe esthetic problems as melasma, freckle, ephelides, lentigo and other forms on human skin.

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Treatment should be performed with the highest fluence the skin can tolerate. Studies have shown that the percentage hair loss is fluence-dependent, with higher percentages of hair loss at higher fluences. Each skin type has its own threshold fluence at which pigmentation changes occur. To mini- mize hypo- or hyperpigmentation, lower fluences than those suggested above should be used while gaining clinical experience. With multiple pulsing the incidence of pigment changes increases without an increase in efficacy. For this reason, double and triple pulsing are not recommended.

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Chronic venous disease of the lower limbs is manifested by a range of signs, the most obvious of which are varicose veins and venous ulcers. However, the signs also include edema, venous eczema, hyperpigmentation of skin of the ankle, atrophie blanche (white scar tissue), and lipodermatosclerosis (induration caused by fibrosis of the subcutaneous fat) (Fig. 1). Considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms that underlie these diverse manifestations, in particular the role of inflammation. This article reviews these advances and places them in a clinical context....

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In the diffuse forms of hyperpigmentation, the darkening of the skin may be of equal intensity over the entire body or may be accentuated in sun-exposed areas. The causes of diffuse hyperpigmentation can be divided into four major groups—endocrine, metabolic, autoimmune, and drugs. The endocrinopathies that frequently have associated hyperpigmentation include Addison's disease, Nelson syndrome, and ectopic ACTH syndrome. In these diseases, the increased pigmentation is diffuse but is accentuated in the palmar creases, sites of friction, scars, and the oral mucosa.

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Becoming less common. Poikiloderma is a term used to describe a patch of skin with (1) reticulated hypo- and hyperpigmentation, (2) wrinkling secondary to epidermal atrophy, and (3) telangiectasias. Poikiloderma does not imply a single disease entity—although becoming less common, it is seen in skin damaged by ionizing radiation as well as in patients with autoimmune connective tissue diseases, primarily dermatomyositis (DM), and rare genodermatoses (e.g., Kindler syndrome). In scleroderma, the dilated blood vessels have a unique configuration and are known as mat telangiectasias.

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Figure 53-1 Atopic dermatitis. Hyperpigmentation, lichenification, and scaling in the antecubital fossae are seen in this patient with atopic dermatitis. (Courtesy of Robert Swerlick, MD; with permission.) Atopic Dermatitis: Treatment Therapy of AD should include avoidance of cutaneous irritants, adequate moisturizing through the application of emollients, judicious use of topical antiinflammatory agents, and prompt treatment of secondary infection. Patients should be instructed to bathe no more often than daily using warm or cool water, and to use only mild bath soap.

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