Spectrum assignment

In this paper, we study elastic optical networks utilizing multi-granular routing technique for provisioning dynamic lightpath services. We have developed a cost-effective coarse granular routing-based node architecture incorporating with an efficient dynamic control algorithm for coarse granular routing-based elastic optical network.

9p viannee 02-08-2023 7 4   Download

In this paper, we develop a deep reinforcement learning-based routing, modulation format and spectrum assignment (RMSA) algorithm for elastic optical networks capable of provisioning dynamically lightpath services. In order to enhance the network performance, the developed RMSA exploits deep reinforcement learning (DRL) mechanism for selecting efficient route and spectral resource by learning experiences of dynamic lightpath provisioning.

6p viannee 02-08-2023 8 4   Download

Comparison between the calculated and experimental results covering molecular structures, assignment of fundamental vibrational modes, and thermodynamic properties were investigated. The optimized molecular geometries were compared with the experimental data obtained from X-ray data of a similar complex, which indicated that the theoretical results agree with the corresponding experimental values. The UV-Vis spectrum of the compound was also recorded and some properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies and λmax , were determined using DFT (PW91) method.

12p langthannam 29-12-2021 20 0   Download

This paper investigated optical regeneration issues and application in elastic optical networks that are capable of providing dynamically optical paths with flexible bandwidths. We have analyzed the impact of optical regeneration in elastic optical networks and clarified various usage scenarios.

9p nguaconbaynhay10 22-01-2021 10 1   Download

The objective of this paper is to analyze and describe the impact of spectrum assignment and mobile broadband on economic growth and competitiveness in Thailand.

11p murielnguyen 01-07-2020 5 2   Download

We have studied coarse granular routing elastic optical network that is based on our recently developed coarse granular OXC architecture. The network can exploit both elastic optical networking and coarse granular routing technologies to cope with the trade-off between the link cost and the node cost in order to build a spectrum-and-cost efficient solution for future Internet backbone networks.

8p vishizuka2711 07-04-2020 21 3   Download

Croatia is currently developing the Strategy for the transition of digital terrestrial television to DVB-T2 standard and the assignment of the frequency spectrum at 700 MHz, i.e. the second digital dividend, for mobile services. The main goal of this Strategy is to make an additional part of RF spectrum (694-790 MHz) available for the mobile broadband services, but also to assure the competitiveness of the digital terrestrial television platform until 2030.

5p son248 24-03-2020 21 1   Download

The sodium alginate was prepared from brown seaweeds in Thua-Thien-Hue coastal area. The obtained alginate was characterized by 1 H-NMR, 1 H-1 H TOCSY and COSY spectra. The assignment of alginate peaks in 1 H-NMR spectrum is 5.09, 4.446, 4.152, 4.318, 4.135 ppm in correspondence to H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 of D-mannuronic acid and 5.473, 4.318, 4.446, 4.571, 4.883 ppm in correspondence to H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 of L-guluronic acid, respectively. The present results are essential for the investigating guidance of alginate and its derivatives.

4p chikychiky 11-11-2018 11 0   Download

In addition to these incentives, the Department is currently developing a new radio licence fee model, based on spectrum consumption and relative spectrum scarcity. Under the proposed new model, licensees who adopt spectrum efficient technologies would benefit from lower licence fees. The new fee model would therefore encourage voluntary early migration to more spectrum efficient technologies. The provisions of the present plan will be applicable within congested areas (i.e. areas of intensive mobile use, where applicants are denied access to spectrum).

17p docvachiase 03-05-2013 47 7   Download

Cytochrome P450 (P450) 4X1 is one of the so-called ‘orphan’ P450s with-out an assigned biological function. Codon-optimized P450 4X1 and a number of N-terminal modified sequences were expressed inEscherichia coli. Native P450 4X1 showed a characteristic P450 spectrum but low expression inE. coliDH5acells (

12p galaxyss3 07-03-2013 40 2   Download

More than eight in ten Americans between the ages of 16 and 29 read a book in the past year, and six in ten used their local public library. At the youngest end of the spectrum, high schoolers in their late teens (ages 16-17) and college-aged young adults (ages 18-24) are especially likely to have read a book or used the library in the past 12 months. And although their library usage patterns may often be influenced by the requirements of school assignments, their interest in the possibilities of mobile technology may also point the way toward opportunities of further...

57p bin_pham 05-02-2013 53 2   Download

Colour image processing is divided into two main areas: full colour and pseudo-colour processing. In the former group, the images are normally acquired with a full colour sensor such as a CCTV camera. In the second group, a colour is assigned to a specific monochrome intensity or combination of intensities. People perceive colours that actually correspond to the nature of the light reflected from the object. The electromagnetic spectrum of the chromatic light falls in the range of 400-700 nm.

91p aries23 29-09-2012 74 12   Download

Radio Transmission Systems Mamoru Sawahashi 2.1 Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) 2.1.1 Principles of DS-CDMA DS-CDMA is a radio-access technology that enables multiple access based on a spread spectrum system. Figure 2.1a shows how DS-CDMA works [1–3]. The transmitted data sequence is spread across the spectrum after being encoded by spreading codes, each of which is assigned uniquely to each user at a higher rate than the symbol rate of the information data. [Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) spreads the information data over a 5 MHz band per carrier.

60p tienvovan 18-09-2010 128 35   Download

Channel Assignment Problems (CAPs) occur in the design of cellular mobile telecommunication systems (Jordan, 1996; Katzela and Naghshineh, 1996; MacDonald, 1979); such systems typically divide the geographical region to be serviced into a set of cells, each containing a base station. The available radio frequency spectrum is divided into a set of disjoint channels; these must be assigned to the base stations to meet the expected demand of each cell and to avoid electromagnetic interference during calls....

15p tienvovan 11-09-2010 76 5   Download

In a cellular network, there are ongoing requests for communication links from mobiles in each cell to the base stations responsible for the cell. In FDMA or TDMA networks, the available spectrum is divided into narrow frequency channels, and each communication request is served by the assignment of a frequency channel. Spectrum is a scarce resource, and careful assignment of channels to calls is critical to being able to maximize the number of users in the network.

24p huggoo 20-08-2010 86 4   Download

The tremendous growth of the mobile users’ population coupled with the bandwidth requirements of new cellular services is in contrast to the limited spectrum resources that have been allocated for mobile communications. The objective of channel allocation is to assign a required number of channels to each cell such that efficient frequency spectrum utilization is provided and interference effects are minimized.

20p huggoo 20-08-2010 71 4   Download