Substantial burden globally

Back pain represents a substantial burden globally, ranking first in a recent assessment among causes of years lived with disability. Though back pain is widely studied among working age adults, there are gaps with respect to basic descriptive epidemiology among seniors, especially in the United States.

11p viannito2711 20-04-2021 9 1   Download

The global burden of neuropsychiatric disorders is substantial. When measured by years lived with disability and years lost due to premature death in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), psychiatric and neurological conditions accounted for 13% of the global burden of disease in 2002 (WHO, 2004). Despite the huge burden of mental illness, few human and financial resources are directed towards mental health care. Mental health spending in many countries of the world is less than 1% of the health budget, and the number of mental health professionals is grossly inadequate (WHO, 2005a)....

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Healthcare professionals should adequately inform men with prostate cancer and their partners or carers about the effects of prostate cancer and the treatment options on their sexual function, physical appearance, continence and other aspects of masculinity. Healthcare professionals should support men and their partners or carers in making treatment decisions, taking into account the effects on quality of life as well as survival.

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Finally, for themost part, the agenda setters— that is, the politicians — found that child health is a readily accepted cause that meets with little opposi- tion when proposed as a subject for social investment (12).

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The possibility of financial incentives has also been raised as a potential way of increasing levels of deceased organ donation: for example by the NHS offering to meet funeral expenses for those who sign up in advance to the Organ Donor Register (ODR) and subsequently become organ donors.

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We anticipate that this update will continue to raise awareness among clinicians and policymakers alike that low health literacy has a substantial impact on the use of health care services and health outcomes; it also hints at the role of health literacy in disparities in utilization or outcomes among groups defined by various sociodemographic characteristics. However, little remains known about the direct effect of lower health literacy on the costs of health care. Addressing the burden of low health literacy that we have identified warrants the attention of many stakeholders.

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Asthma is a major urban disease and a substantial burden from the standpoint of both the quality of life for the many suffering from the disease and the economics of health care. The global increase in the prevalence of asthma in the last half of the 20th century has affected urban communities in many countries disproportionately. Asthma is an allergic disease for more than 50% of adults and 80% of children. The evidence for a relations- hip between allergic asthma and domestic exposure to cockroaches, mice and dust mites is strong.

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Tuberculosis Chapter 158 offers a concise overview of the pathophysiology and treatment of TB, which is closely linked to HIV infection in much of the world. Indeed, a substantial proportion of the resurgence of TB registered in southern Africa may be attributed to HIV co-infection. Even before the advent of HIV, however, it was estimated that fewer than half of all cases of TB in developing countries were ever diagnosed, much less treated.

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