Syntactic realizations

Appraisal Theory, which has been developed by linguists Martin & White since the 1990s, is the development of functional grammar in terms of interpersonal meaning. Based on the Appraisal Theory, this article aims to investigate the three sub-categories namely “Affect”, “Judgement” and “Appreciation” in English Speeches by Nobel Peace Prize Laureates (ESNPLs) with focus placed on identifying and describing syntactic realizations and semantic features of the three above-mentioned sub-categories in 25 ESNPLs collected from the official website of the Nobel Prize in the period 2000-2019.

6p visherylsandber 04-07-2022 28 7   Download

This paper describes an analysis method which uses heuristic knowledge to find local syntactic structures of Chinese sentences. We call it a preprocessing, because we use it before we do global syntactic structure analysisCl]of the input sentence. Our purpose is to guide the global analysis through the search space, to avoid unnecessary computation. To realize this, we use a set of special words that appear in commonly used patterns in Chinese. We call them "characteristic words" . They enable us to pick out fragments that might figure in the syntactic structure of the sentence. ...

4p bungio_1 03-05-2013 50 1   Download

Process is linear in t h e n u m b e r o f e l e m e n z s in ~he input message, i.e. the realization decision for each element is m a d e only once and m a y not be revised. The representation for pending realization decisions and planned linguistic actions (the results of earlier decisions) is a surface-level syntactic phrase structure augmented by explicit labelings for its constituent positions (hereafter referred to as the tree).3 This working-structure is used simultaniously for control (determining w h a t action to take next)....

4p bungio_1 03-05-2013 59 2   Download

Lexieal disambiguation can be achieved using different sources of information. Aiming at high performance of automatic disambiguation it is important to know the relative importance and applicability of the various sources. In this paper we classify several sources of information and show how some of them can be achieved using statistical data. First evaluations indicate the extreme importance of local information, which mainly represents lexical associations and seleetional restrictions for syntactically related words. ...

2p bunmoc_1 20-04-2013 40 2   Download

This set of candidate surface strings, represented as a word lattice, is then rescored by a wordbigram language model, to produce the bestranked output sentence. FERGUS (Bangalore and Rambow, 2000), on the other hand, employs a model of syntactic structure during sentence realization. In simple terms, it adds a tree-based stochastic model to the approach taken by the Nitrogen system. This tree-based model chooses a best-ranked XTAG representation for a given dependency structure.

8p bunmoc_1 20-04-2013 41 1   Download

Syntactic realization grammars have traditionally attempted to accept inputs with the highest possible level of abstraction, in order to facilitate the work of the components (sentence planner) preparing the input. Recently, the search for higher abstraction has been, however, challenged (E1hadad and Robin, 1996)(Lavoie and Rambow, 1997)(Busemann and Horacek, 1998).

8p bunrieu_1 18-04-2013 38 2   Download

Syntactic theories based on the concept of dependency have a long tradition. Tesni` re (Tesni` re, e e 1959) was the first who systematically described the sentence structure in terms of binary relations between words (dependencies), which form a dependency tree (D-tree for short). D-tree itself does not presume a linear order on words. However, any its surface realization projects some linear order relation (called also precedence). Some properties of surface syntactic structure can be expressed only in terms of both dependency (or its transitive closure called dominance) and precedence.

8p bunrieu_1 18-04-2013 62 2   Download

The FrameNet project has developed a lexical knowledge base providing a unique level of detail as to the the possible syntactic realizations of the specific semantic roles evoked by each predicator, for roughly 7,000 lexical units, on the basis of annotating more than 100,000 example sentences extracted from corpora. An interim version of the FrameNet data was released in October, 2002 and is being widely used.

4p bunbo_1 17-04-2013 42 2   Download

We introduce a MetaGrammar, which allows us to automatically generate, from a single and compact MetaGrammar hierarchy, parallel Lexical Functional Grammars (LFG) and Tree-Adjoining Grammars (TAG) for French and for English: the grammar writer specifies in compact manner syntactic properties that are potentially framework-, and to some extent language-independent (such as subcategorization, valency alternations and realization of syntactic functions), from which grammars for several frameworks and languages are automatically generated offline. ...

8p bunbo_1 17-04-2013 40 1   Download

We present a search-based approach to automatic surface realization given a corpus of domain sentences. Using heuristic search based on a statistical language model and a structure we introduce called an inheritance table we overgenerate a set of complete syntactic-semantic trees that are consistent with the given semantic structure and have high likelihood relative to the language model. These trees are then lexicalized, linearized, scored, and ranked. This model is being developed to generate real-time navigation instructions. ...

6p bunbo_1 17-04-2013 39 1   Download

In order to realize the full potential of dependency-based syntactic parsing, it is desirable to allow non-projective dependency structures. We show how a datadriven deterministic dependency parser, in itself restricted to projective structures, can be combined with graph transformation techniques to produce non-projective structures. Experiments using data from the Prague Dependency Treebank show that the combined system can handle nonprojective constructions with a precision sufficient to yield a significant improvement in overall parsing accuracy. ...

8p bunbo_1 17-04-2013 49 2   Download

Our paper reports an attempt to apply an unsupervised clustering algorithm to a Hungarian treebank in order to obtain semantic verb classes. Starting from the hypothesis that semantic metapredicates underlie verbs’ syntactic realization, we investigate how one can obtain semantically motivated verb classes by automatic means. The 150 most frequent Hungarian verbs were clustered on the basis of their complementation patterns, yielding a set of basic classes and hints about the features that determine verbal subcategorization. ...

6p hongvang_1 16-04-2013 36 2   Download

In Semantic Role Labeling (SRL), it is reasonable to globally assign semantic roles due to strong dependencies among arguments. Some relations between arguments significantly characterize the structural information of argument structure. In this paper, we concentrate on thematic hierarchy that is a rank relation restricting syntactic realization of arguments. A loglinear model is proposed to accurately identify thematic rank between two arguments.

4p hongphan_1 15-04-2013 33 1   Download

In lexicalized grammatical formalisms, it is possible to separate lexical category assignment from the combinatory processes that make use of such categories, such as parsing and realization. We adapt techniques from supertagging — a relatively recent technique that performs complex lexical tagging before full parsing (Bangalore and Joshi, 1999; Clark, 2002) — for chart realization in OpenCCG, an open-source NLP toolkit for CCG. We call this approach hypertagging, as it operates at a level “above” the syntax, tagging semantic representations with syntactic lexical categories. ...

9p hongphan_1 15-04-2013 29 2   Download