Target genes

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant cancers of the colon worldwide. Several novel approaches to cancer treatment have emerged, including gene therapy, targeted therapy, and adjuvant therapies.

7p viharuno 03-01-2025 1 1   Download

The plastid transcription kinase (PTK), a component of the major RNA polymerase complex from mustard chloroplasts, has been implicated in redox-mediated regulation of plastid gene expression. A cloning strategy to define the PTK gene(s) resulted in the isolation of a full-length cDNA for a protein with overall high homology with the a subunit of cytosolic casein kinase (CK2) that contained an N-terminal extension for a putative plastid transit peptide.

9p system191 01-06-2013 46 4   Download

Department of Medical Chemistry, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan; 2Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Japan; 3Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan We previously generated mice lacking aromatase activity by targeted disruption of Cyp19 (ArKO mice), and reported phenotypes of the female mice, showing hemorrhage formation and follicular depletion in the ovary, diminution in uterine size, and bone loss...

9p research12 01-06-2013 42 4   Download

Emerin is a ubiquitously expressed inner nuclear membrane protein of unknown function. Mutations in its gene give rise to X-linked Emery–Drei-fuss muscular dystrophy (X-EDMD), a neuromuscular condition with an associated life-threatening cardiomyopathy. We have previously reported that emerin is phosphorylated in a cell cycle-dependent manner in human lymphoblastoid cell lines [Ellis et al. (1998) Aberrant intracellular targeting and cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of emerin contribute to the EDMD phenotype.J. Cell Sci. 111, 781–792]. ...

14p research12 29-04-2013 41 4   Download

The cytochrome P450 family of enzymes has long been known tometabolize a wide range of compounds, including many of today’s most common drugs. A novel nuclear receptor called PXR has been established as an activator of several of the cytochrome P450 genes, including CYP3A4. This enzyme is believed to account for the metabolism of more than 50% of all prescription drugs. PXR is therefore used as a negative selector target and discriminatory filter in preclinical drug development.

9p research12 29-04-2013 44 3   Download

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are characterized by their ability, upon activation, to bind to heat shock response elements (HSE) present in the promoter of their target genes. HSE are composed of inverted repeats of the pentamer nGAAm. In this study, we compare the embryonic HSF2 protein, purified from F9 embryonal carcinoma cells tumor, and thein vitro synthesized HSF2. We show that the context of HSF2 synthesis influences its thermosensitivity and DNA-binding properties.

11p research12 29-04-2013 47 2   Download

A differential display method was used to study genes the expression of which is altered during growth inhibition induced by medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). A tran-script of G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) was upregulated by MPA in estrogen-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Northern-blot analysis showed a progestin-specific primary target gene, which was enhanced by prog-esterone and different progestins, but not by dihydrotestos-terone or dexamethasone, and which was abrogated by antiprogestin RU486....

6p research12 29-04-2013 46 2   Download

In hydra, differentiated ectodermal cells of the foot region containaperoxidaseactivity that canbeusedas amarker for foot-specific differentiation processes. Because the expres-sion of the gene coding for the peroxidase must be tightly regulated during foot-specific differentiation, characteriza-tion of the protein and cloning of the corresponding gene shouldprovide valuable tools for gettingdeeper insights into the regulation of foot-specific differentiation.

10p research12 23-04-2013 42 2   Download

The characterization of the gene encodingLeishmania donovaniphosphofructokinase (PFK) and the biochemical properties of the expressedenzyme are reported.L. donovani has a singlePFKgene copyperhaploidgenome that encodes a polypeptide with a deducedmolecular mass of 53 988 and a pI of 9.26. The predicted amino acid sequence contains a C-terminal tripeptide that conforms to an established signal for glycosome targeting.

12p research12 23-04-2013 62 3   Download

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an abundant heterotri-meric serine/threonine phosphatase containing highly con-served structural (A) and catalytic (C) subunits. Its diverse functions in the cell are determined by its association with a highly variable regulatory and targeting B subunit. At least three distinct gene families encoding B subunits are known: B/B55/CDC55, B¢/B56/RTS1 and B¢¢/PR72/130. No homologyhasbeen identi®edamong theBfamilies, and little is knownabout howtheseBsubunits interactwith the PP2A A and C subunits....

7p research12 23-04-2013 29 3   Download

Ina search for genes regulated in response to cAMPwe have identified a newprotein, p76 RBE , whosemRNAand protein expression is enhanced in thyrocytes following thyrotropin stimulation of the cAMP transduction cascade. This protein presents important similarities with Rhophilin and contains different protein–protein interactionmotifs. The presence of HR1 and PDZ motifs as well as a potential PDZ binding domain motif suggests that p76 RBE could be implicated in targeting or scaffolding processes....

9p tumor12 22-04-2013 48 2   Download

Special oligonucleotides for targeted gene correction have attracted increasing attention recently, one of which is the chimericRNAÆDNAoligonucleotide (RDO) system. RDOs for targeted gene correction were first designed in 1996, and are typically 68 nucleotides in length including continuous RNA andDNA sequences (RNA is 2¢-O-methyl-modified).

6p tumor12 22-04-2013 34 2   Download

Theb-amyloid peptide (Ab) is a major component of toxic amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.Abis liberated by sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) byb-andc-secre-tases.The level of Abdepends directly on the hydrolytic activity ofb-secretase.Therefore, b-secretase is an excel-lent target for drug design.An approach based on RNA-cleaving ribozymes was developed to control expression ofb-secretase.

9p tumor12 20-04-2013 38 4   Download

Antisense agents are valuable tools to inhibit the expression of a target gene in a sequence-specific manner,and may be used for functional genomics,target validation and thera-peuticpurposes.Three typesof anti-mRNAstrategies canbe distinguished. Firstly,the use of single stranded antisense-oligonucleotides; secondly,the triggering of RNA cleavage through catalytically active oligonucleotides referred to as ribozymes; and thirdly,RNA interference induced by small interfering RNA molecules.

17p fptmusic 16-04-2013 41 2   Download

Rogers syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder result-ing in megaloblastic anemia, diabetes mellitus, and sensori-neural deafness. The gene associated with this disease encodes for thiamine transporter 1 (THTR1), a member of the SLC19 solute carrier family including THTR2 and the reduced folate carrier (RFC). Using transient transfections into NIH3T3 cells of a D93H mutant THTR1derived from a Rogers syndrome family, we determined the expression, post-translational modification, plasma mem-brane targeting and thiamine transport activity.

9p fptmusic 12-04-2013 47 3   Download

Histones are modified post-translationally, e.g. by methylation of lysine and arginine residues, and by phosphorylation of serine residues. These modifications regulate processes such as gene expression, DNA repair, and mitosis and meiosis. Recently, evidence has been provided that histones are also modified by covalent binding of the vitamin biotin.

11p fptmusic 11-04-2013 40 2   Download

The Wnt pathway controls biological processes via the regulation of target gene expression. The expression of direct Wnt target genes, e.g.cyclin D1 and MYC, is activated by the transcription factor TCF, which binds to specific sequence motifs in the promoter. Indirect target genes are regulated via transcription regulators, which are targets of the Wnt pathway.

16p awards 06-04-2013 39 4   Download

Retinoid receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Retinoic acid (RARa, b, c) and retinoid X (RXRa, b, c) receptors mediate the retinoid/rexinoid signal to the transcriptional machineries by interacting at the first level with coactivators or corepressors, which leads to the recruitment of enzymatically active noncovalent com-plexes at target gene promoters.

10p awards 05-04-2013 34 4   Download

BacterialRNApolymerase (RNAP) is the central enzyme of gene expression that is responsible for the synthesis of all types of cellular RNAs. The process of transcription is accompanied by complex structural rearrangements of RNAP. Despite the recent progress in structural studies of RNAP, detailed mechanisms of conformational changes of RNAP that occur at different stages of transcription remain unknown.

11p awards 05-04-2013 42 2   Download

HAND2/dHAND is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor expressed in the heart and neural crest derivatives during embryogenesis. Although dHAND is essential for branchial arch, cardiovascular and limb development, its target genes have not been identified. The regulatory mech-anisms of dHAND function also remain relatively unknown. Here we report that Akt/PKB, a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in cell survival, growth and differ-entiation, phosphorylates dHAND and inhibits dHAND-mediated transcription....

11p awards 05-04-2013 47 5   Download