The seed fibres

The study was undertaken to evaluate the magnitude of heterosis in 36 cotton hybrids developed by crossing 3 lines and 12 testers in L x T design at three different locations of Maharashtra State viz., Akola, Amravati and Nagpur during kharif, 2017-18. The cross AKH 8828 x AKH 9916 exhibited highest and significant heterosis over the check PKV Hy-2 for seed cotton yield/plant (60.30 %), number of bolls/plant (23.55 %) and fibre strength (10.43 %) across the environments.

15p chauchaungayxua12 29-07-2021 9 1   Download

Black gram [Vigna mungo (L)] seeds are a rich source of digestible protein and dietary fibre, both for human and animal consumption. However, the quality and quantity of the Vigna seeds are severely affected by bruchid beetles during storage. Therefore, analyses of the expression of the bruchid induced transcript dynamics in black gram pods would be helpful to understand the underlying defense mechanism against bruchid oviposition.

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Hence this present study was planned to assess the genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for various yield and fibre quality characters in a set of genotypes.

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Seed cotton yield and fibre quality traits are governed by polygenes and these traits are highly influenced by the environment. Hence, selection merely based on yield is not effective. In order to enhance the yield potential of the cotton varieties, knowledge on the direct contribution of different characters to yield would be highly important for formulating a selection programme.

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The upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) accounts for about 95% of world cotton production. Improving upland cotton cultivars has been the focus of worldwide cotton breeding programs. In cotton, seed cotton yield, yield contributing and fibre quality traits are under the control of polygenes or quantitative trait locus (QTL), for these traits QTL analysis holds a great promises these are the genomic regions that links the information between phenotypic (trait measurement) and genetic data (molecular markers) and explain the genetic basis of variation in complex traits.

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Present investigation was carried out with 38 cotton genotypes including both the species G. arboreum and G. hirsutum in randomized complete block design with three replications. The observations were reported form three randomly selected plant from each treatment and replication on 17 characters viz., Plant height (cm), number of nodes per plant, length of internodes (cm), number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant.

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The experiment was undertaken to assess the magnitude of combining ability for yield, its components and fibre properties in upland cotton. The experimental material i.e. 52 genotypes (15 parents, 36 crosses and 1 check) produced from line x tester mating design were evaluated for fifteen characters in randomized block design with three replications across 3 environments at viz., Cotton Research Unit, Dr. PDKV, Akola, Regional Research Centre, Amravati and ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur during kharif, 2017-18.

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Cotton is a long duration crop and grown over a wide range of environments. It is, therefore necessary to evaluate cotton genotypes in different environments to know its stability in varying environmental conditions. The knowledge of kind and magnitude of G x E interaction has become essential to the plant breeder in taking the decisions concerning breeding methods, selection programmes and their testing procedures in crop plants. Stability in yield is a major consideration in breeding of rainfed cotton which is highly influenced by erratic and uncertain rainfall conditions.

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The Line x Tester method of analysis was followed involving 5 females viz., PA 740, PA760, PA848, PA828 and PAIG 77 and 6 males viz., AKA 9703, JLA 505, RAC 024, AKA 7, PA 08 and Phule Dhanwantary for study of heterosis for various yield and fibre characters. The F1’s and their parents were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with two replications. Observations were recorded on Days to 50% flowering, Plant height (cm), Number of sympodia per plant, Number of bolls per plant, Boll weight (g), Seed index, Seed cotton yield per plant (g) and Lint index.

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Cotton is one of the most important fiber and cash crop of India and plays a dominant role in the industrial and agricultural economy of the country. Sixty crosses with thirteen parents and three checks viz., PKV-Hy-4, NHH-206 and NHH- 44 were grown in Randomized Block Design with two replications. The results showed that the tester AKH07R possessed the highest GCA effect for the seed cotton yield per hectare and also exhibited high GCA (in desirable direction) for the traits, number of sympodia, number of bolls per, harvest index and cotton seed yield per plant.

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Interspecific hybrids of hirsutum and barbadense are known for high productivity and fibre quality. Estimation of combining ability of a line or inbred is useful for predicting its useful as parent in hybrid breeding. The analysis of general and specific combining ability aids in identification of potential parents for production of superior hybrids. General and specific combining ability effects were estimated for eight lines, four testers and their 32 hybrids.

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Jute crop is one of the important cash crop grown in the south Asian countries. Among fibre crops, jute comes next to the cotton for making textile. Based on the physical and morphological characteristics of jute seed and agronomical requirement, a manually operated seed drill was designed and fabricated.

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A field experiment was conducted at BCKV, Mohanpur, West Bengal during rabi, 2016- 17 to study the effect of different combination of nutrients on quality fibre and seed production of dual purpose flax crop.

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Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is an important commercial crop among bast fibres in India after jute and till date almost nil efforts were made in terms of crop improvement aspects pertaining to seed yield in roselle as it majorly utilized as fibre crop. To acquire first hand information on seed yield and its contributing traits, a set of sixty genotypes of roselle have been used to study the genetic variability, heritability, correlation and path analysis for seed yield and its contributing traits during 2013 and 2014 at three different agro-climatic zones of India.

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The 1329 F2, 174 B1 and 191 B2 plants were evaluated along with parents (Suvin and BCS 23-18-7) and its F1 for seed cotton yield and its component traits and fibre quality traits. Top 20 transgressive segregants were selected for seed cotton yield from all three segregation generations (F2, B1 and B2), recorded 104.02 to 169.46 per cent higher seed cotton yield than best parent BCS 23-18-7 (116.90 g/plant). Six transgressive segregants recorded 5 per cent early flowering (< 65 days) with a minimum of 50 per cent yield advantage (> 177 g) over BCS 23-18-7.

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The present study was conducted on correlation and path coefficient analysis for seed cotton yield, its components and fibre quality traits in 20 cotton genotypes collected from Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Raichur, which was carried out during kharif 2018. The study revealed that plant height at harvest, number of sympodia, inter nodal length, number of bolls per plant and seed index had significant positive correlation with seed cotton yield whereas traits fibre strength and micronaire value exhibited negative correlation with seed cotton yield.

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30 genotypes were evaluated to understand the nature and magnitude of association for seed yield and fibre traits in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L). Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients obtained between different traits was similar in direction, while in magnitude, genotypic correlation higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlations.

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Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.,) is one of the world’s important crops, ranking fifth in oil production. Groundnut seed is a rich food source providing quality vegetable oil (48%-50%), protein (26%-28%), dietary fibre, minerals and vitamins. Total world production of Groundnut was 47 million tonnes from 27 million hectares. In Andhra Pradesh Groundnut is cultivated in 7.35 lakh hectares with 10.43 lakh tonnes production and 1426 kg/ha productivity. The Groundnut area of YSR district is decreasing and same trend reflected in production and productivity also.

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The present investigation was performed with fifty-three genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum L. cotton to get information on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean for yield, yield supporting and fibre quality attributes. The value of PCV was higher than GCV which explains that instead of genotypic component, the environmental component also influences in the expression of the character. The characters like number of bolls per plant, number of flower bearing nodes and seed cotton yield recorded higher values of GCV and PCV.

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The present study was under taken with the view to analyse the physical, nutritional and in-vitro digestibility of raw rice varieties. The results of the study revealed that HB-2 and HKR-48 rice variety had maximum length, breadth, thickness, L/B ratio, seed weight, seed volume, water absorption capacity, bulk density and true density than other varieties and porosity was significantly higher in Permal local variety than other varieties. Moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash and crude fibre ranged from 9.54 to 10.40, 6.19 to 8.20, 1.70 to 2.62, 0.40 to 1.17 and 0.24 to 0.

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