Tissues of plants

An applied field of biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology) It is the products and exploitation from other fundamental sciences.Traditional Biotechnology Traditional biotechnology refers to a number of ancient ways of using living organisms to make new products or modify existing ones. In its broadest definition, traditional biotechnology can be traced back to human's transition from hunter-gatherer to farmer.

29p zingzing09 24-04-2013 64 9   Download

Polymerase Chain Reaction is widely held as one of the most important inventions of the 20th century in molecular biology. Small amounts of the genetic material can now be amplified to be able to a identify, manipulate DNA, detect infectious organisms, including the viruses that cause AIDS, hepatitis, tuberculosis, detect genetic variations, including mutations, in human genes and numerous other tasks.

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Glofish is the first transgenic animal approved to be consumed by human in the USA  The insertion of different constructs of GFP into the fish genomes to give different green colors.The idea for recombinant DNA was first proposed by Peter Lobban, a graduate student of Prof. Dale Kaiser in the Biochemistry Department at Stanford University Medical School. The first publications describing the successful production and intracellular replication of recombinant DNA appeared in 1972 and 1973.

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Eucalyptus is one of the important plant species for paper pulp, fuel wood, and timber. In this study, a hybrid Eucalyptus, U16 line, was investigated for rapid in vitro propagation. The apical and adventitious shoots served as initial explants.

8p viprimi 16-12-2024 2 1   Download

To identify species, biological traits, chemical composition, and bioactive activities of essential oil and to develop propagation technical process using tissue culture techniques from shoot bud cutting to contribute to the conservation and development of genetic sources of native ginger plants in Bac Kan.

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Insect pests and pathogens (fungi, bacteria and viruses) are responsible for severe crop losses. Insects feed directly on the plant tissues, while the pathogens lead to damage or death of the plant. Plants have evolved a certain degree of resistance through the production of defence compounds, which may be aproteic, e.g. antibiotics, alkaloids, terpenes, cyanogenic glucosides or proteic, e.g. chitinases,b-1,3-glu-canases, lectins, arcelins, vicilins, systemins and enzyme inhibitors.

16p research12 23-04-2013 44 3   Download

Epoxide hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3) in plants is involved in the metabolism of epoxy fatty acids and in mediating defence responses. We report the cloning of a full-length epoxide hydrolase cDNA (BNSEH1) from oilseed rape (Brassica napus) obtained by screening of a cDNA library prepared frommethyl jasmonate induced leaf tissue, and the5¢-RACE technique. The cDNA encodes a soluble protein containing 318 amino acid residues.

8p tumor12 22-04-2013 34 3   Download

Tocopherols are essential micronutrients in human and animal nutrition due to their function as lipophilic anti-oxidants. Theyare exclusively synthesizedbyphotosynthetic organisms including higher plants. Despite the attributed beneficial health effects and many industrial applications, research on the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway and its regulation inplants is still limited.

9p tumor12 20-04-2013 40 4   Download

Nociceptors are specialized nerve fibers that transmit noxious pain stimuli to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. A subset of nociceptors, the nonpepti-dergic C-fibers, is characterized by its reactivity for the plant isolectin B4 (IB4) from Griffonia simplicifolia. The molecular nature of the IB4-reactive glycoconjugate, although used as a neuroanatomical marker for more than a decade, has remained unknown.

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Incubations of [8(R)-2 H]9(S)-hydroperoxy-10(E),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid, [14(R)-2 H]13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid and [14(S)-2 H]13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid were per-formed with preparations of plant tissues containing divinyl ether synth-ases.

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Little is known about the functions of DNA polymerasek (Pol k) recently identified in mammals. From the genomic sequence information of rice andArabidopsis, we found that Polkmay be the only member of the X-family in higher plants. We have succeeded in isolating the cDNA and recombinant protein of Polkin a higher plant, rice (Oryza sativaL. cv. Nipponbare) (OsPolk). OsPolkhad activities of DNA polymerase, terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl trans-ferase and deoxyribose phosphate lyase, a marker enzyme for base excision repair. ...

9p dell39 03-04-2013 54 3   Download

Aspartic proteinases of the A1 family are widely distributed among plant species and have been purified from a variety of tissues. They are most active at acidic pH, are specifically inhibited by pepstatin A and contain two aspartic residues indispensible for catalytic activity. The three-dimensional structure of two plant aspartic proteinases has been deter-mined, sharing significant structural similarity with other known structures of mammalian aspartic proteinases.

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The defensive function of the glucosinolate–myrosinase system in plants of the order Capparales results from the formation of isothiocyanates when glucosinolates are hydrolysed by myrosinases upon tissue damage. In some glucosinolate-containing plant species, as well as in the insect herbivore Pieris rapae, protein factors alter the outcome of myrosinase-catalysed glu-cosinolate hydrolysis, leading to the formation of products other than isothiocyanates.

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Polyamine oxidases (PAOs, EC 1.5.3.11) are key enzymes responsible for the terminal catabolism of polyamines in plants, bacteria and protozoa. In barley, two PAO isoforms (HvPAO1 and HvPAO2) have been previously analyzed as regards their tissue expression and subcellular localization.

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Calpains are intracellular Ca 2+ -regulated cysteine pro-teases which mediate regulatory cleavage of specific substrates. They cover a broad range of physiological functions including proteolysis of molecules involved in cytoskeletal organization, the cell cycle, signal trans-duction, apoptosis, and protein renewal during growth and tissue regeneration. Originally found in mamma-lian skeletal muscle then in numerous organisms inclu-ding protists and plants, their expression is ubiquitous [1,2].

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Antimicrobial peptides are an abundant group of proteinaceous com-pounds widely produced in the plant kingdom. Among them, thec-thionin family, also known as plant defensins, represents one typical family and comprises low molecular mass cysteine-rich proteins, usually cationic and distributed in different plant tissues.

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NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductases are flavoenzymes expressed in the cytoplasm of many tissues and afford protection against the cytotoxic effects of electrophilic quinones by catalyzing a strict two-electron reduc-tion. Such enzymes have been reported from several mammalian sources, e.g. human, mouse and rat, and from plant species.

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Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) is an aspartic proteinase that hydrolyses its substrate within the plane of the cellular membrane. In vertebrates, it plays crucial roles in life processes such as differentiation, embryogenesis, cell signaling and immunological response. We first found SPP in plants. An ortholog of human SPP (AtSPP), and its five AtSPP homologs (AtSPPL1– AtSPPL5), were searched for in theArabidopsisdatabase.

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1 March 2004 Genome Biology 2004, 5:R16 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/3/R16 Received: 27 October 2003 Revised: 15 December 2003 Accepted: 22 January 2004 © 2004 Casati and Walbot; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL. B fluence ratesof skin cancer and has raised terrestrial levels of ultraviolet-Bfor plants....

0p thulanh21 15-11-2011 62 1   Download