Toxic volatile organic

Ebook "Studies on respiratory disorders (Oxidative stress in applied basic research and clinical practice series)" covers data describing the role of free radicals and antioxidants in respiratory disorders, including the data that deal with clinical and pre-clinical trials. Chapters describe the relationship of oxidative stress to a number of respiratory and pulmonary conditions from a basic science and clinical perspective, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, acute lung injury, pulmonary hypertension, toxicity and fibrosis, cancer and asbestosis.

396p manmanthanhla0201 26-02-2024 2 1   Download

The clinical recognition of acute lung disease caused by electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) usage has continued to grow. The identified pulmonary pathologies each include some degree of injury and/or inflammation. Electronic cigarettes contain chemicals that hold potential for acute pulmonary toxicity, including, but not limited to, nicotine, volatile organic compounds, and aldehydes.

4p viwhitewolf 03-07-2023 3 2   Download

Formaldehyde (FA, CH2 O) is one of the toxic volatile organic compounds that cause harmful effects on the human body. In this work, the interaction of FA gas with metal phthalocyanine (MPc) molecules was studied by employing density functional theory calculations. A variety of [MPc]a (M = Sc, Ti, and V; a = –1, 0, and +1) complexes were studied, and the electronic properties, interaction energies, and charge transfer properties of all of the studied molecules were systematically discussed.

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Phytoremediation includes phytotransformation (transformation of organic contaminants into a less toxic, less mobile, or more stable form), phytodegradation (metabolism of the organic contaminant by the plant enzymes), phytovolatilization (volatilization of organic contaminants through plant leaves), and rhizoremediation.

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Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors offer a sensitive platform for monitoring important physical entities with several advantages. They can operate well in extreme conditions such as high temperature, high pressure and toxic environment.

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Formaldehyde (HCHO) is one of the most popular volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which is toxic to human health. HCHO in indoor air is often of anthropogenic sources such as construction materials, home appliances, new furniture, office equipment, detergents, and refrigerants.

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Carbon Monoxide is toxic to humans. Even healthy people can be affected by carbon monoxide. People who breathe high levels of CO can develop vision problems, redued ability to work or learn, or have difficulty performing complex tasks. People who have heart disease may cause chest pains or other more serious cardiovascular effects. The problem with air pollution is that it looks to be increasing in toxicity rather than being solved or reduced. More and more people are driving automobiles or trucks. And the Earth’s growing population is requiring more electricity to...

14p tainhacmienphi 19-02-2013 54 4   Download

Some industrial facilities generate ordinary domestic sewage that can be treated by municipal facilities. Industries that generate waste water with high concentrations of conventional pollutants (e.g. oil and grease), toxic pollutants (e.g. heavy metals, volatile organic compounds) or other non conventional pollutants such as ammonia, need specialized treatment systems. Some of these facilities can install a pre-treatment system to remove the toxic components, and then send the partially-treated waste water to the municipal system.

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Unlike stratospheric ozone that protects life on earth, tropospheric ozone is highly toxic and is the main pollutant of the atmosphere of industrialized countries and cities. Its precursors are emanated from industrial activities and traffic. Generated by lightning, photochemical reactions or with free radicals, it has a density of 1.66 times greater than air and is maintained close to the ground. It decomposes easily, generating free radicals with oxidizing power. The main primary pollutants leading to ozone formation are nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and methane.

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The principal pollutants from the transport sector responsible for adverse health effects include lead, various types of particulate matter, ozone (formed from atmospheric reactions of oxides of nitrogen [Nox] and volatile organic compounds [VOCs]), various toxic VOCs, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia and sulphur dioxide. However, the proportion of these various pollutants attributable to the transport sector varies significantly across different cities, as indicated by the table below.

392p saimatkhauroi 01-02-2013 58 5   Download

The WHO has estimated that environmental exposures contribute to 19% of cancer incidence worldwide. 6 Additionally, a WHO Global Health Risks report looked at five environmental exposures, (unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene, urban outdoor air pollution, indoor smoke from solid fuels, lead exposure and climate change), and estimated they account for nearly 10% of deaths and disease burden globally and around one quarter of deaths and disease burden in children under the age of five.

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The first-order effects of relaxed bank entry restrictions have been favorable, both within the U.S. and across countries. Internationally, the benefits of foreign entry seem to depend on the level of development, but at least for developing nations entrants are more efficient than incumbent banks and the stiffer competition seems to improve overall bank efficiency. In contrast to these first-order effects, the stability implications of increased entry are less obvious.

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Copper fungicides are environmentally unfriendly. They are very toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates, such as crab, shrimp and oysters. There are cases where most animal life in soil, including large earthworms, have been eliminated by the extensive use of copper-containing fungicides in orchards. It is strongly bioaccumulated and is very persistent. Once a soil is contaminated with copper, there is no practical way to remove it. The organic insecticide rotenone has been found to be toxic to pigs, rats and dogs and is is very toxic to fish. It causes skin and eye irritations.

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Consequently the chemical contamination builds to higher levels in these organisms. Indigenous peoples in the Arctic, whose traditional diets are heavy in fatty foods and who often have no alternatives for nourishment, thus have some of the highest recorded levels of POPs. Yet they are hundreds or thousands of kilometres from where these pesticides and industrial chemicals were released, and they certainly received little benefit from the chemicals' original use.

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Indoor exposures to toxic and irritating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are of general concern. Residences are particularly important exposure environments for these compounds because people in the U.S.A. spend an average of 69 % of their time indoors at home (Klepeis et al., 2001). In addition, residential ventilation rates, which serve as the primary mechanism for removal of gaseous pollutants generated indoors, are relatively low. The median air change rate measured in the 1980s for a large number of houses in the United States was 0.

71p ut_hai_can 29-12-2012 56 2   Download

In a literature review of DRESCHER-KADEN et al. (1992) including 900 papers published since 1977, residue data about the level of organic pollutants in German sewage sludges were collected. 332 organic compounds with known or suspected toxic effects have been detected in sewage sludges, 42 of them regularly, most of them within the range of g/kg to mg/kg dry matter. Except volatile and easily degradable chemicals, the residue level increases from raw to digested sludge.

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Asthma is now the most common chronic childhood disease, occurring in approximately 54 of every 1000 children (21). From 1980 through 1996, childhood asthma increased dramatically, by approximately 5% per year (14, 16, 26). The etiology of asthma is complex and multifactorial; risk factors include genetic predisposition as well as exposure to environmental and infectious triggers.

26p connhobinh 10-12-2012 61 1   Download

Through the studies, we can deduce that most of the industrial discharge carries toxic substances. Due to the presence of high amount of toxic, carcinogen, and teratogen of metals, researchers are highly concerned with its effect on the environment and health of mankind. Rigorous investigations are currently being carried out to study the consequences of the contamination on the surface water, groundwater, and surface land due to industrial discharge.

396p lulanphuong 30-03-2012 89 22   Download