Transgressive segregants

Soybean is economically the most important bean in the world, providing vegetable protein for millions of the people and ingredients for hundreds of chemical products. The aim of this study was to identify the superior transgressive segregants and estimate the correlation coefficient between seed yield, and yield components. Six generations of a crosses were evaluated at Botany Section Farm, College of Agriculture, Dhule (Maharashtra) during Kharif, 2019.

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The present investigation was undertaken with 30 rice genotypes to estimate the nature and magnitude of genetic divergence for yield and nutritional traits. The 30 genotypes were categorized into six clusters based on D² values using agglomerative hierarchical clustering complete linkage based on Mahalanobis distance. Cluster I was largest comprising of nine genotypes followed by cluster III and IV comprising of seven and six genotypes respectively.

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In this experiment 55 linseed genotypes were evaluated to determine genetic diversity by Mahalanobis D2 statistics during rabi 2018-19 at the Department of Plant breeding and Genetics, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha India. It revealed that 55 genotypes were grouped into eleven clusters. Result envisaged that genotypes grouped within a particular cluster are more or less genetically similar.

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Transgressive segregation is a very important phenomena where the segregating individual will possesses the value for a character which is exceeding the better parent. In the present study transgressive segregants were studied in four crosses for SCMR(SPAD Chlorophyll meter reading), SLA (specific leaf area), total biomass per plant, shoot weight per plant, root weight per plant, shelling out-turn per plant, harvest index per plant, pod yield per plant and kernel yield per plant. All the characters under study showed transgressive segregation in all the four crosses.

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Rich genetic potential with wide spectrum of genetic variability is a key factor behind a successful breeding programme. New recombinants can be generated through crossing between highly diverse parents. Genetically diverse 281 RILs and their parents were grown in randomized block design in two replications under rainfed and irrigated conditions during rabi 2011-12 and 2012-13. Categorization of RILs was done by using standard statistical procedure based on qualitative and quantitative traits. RILs were evaluated for traits name.

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Progenies from a cross between ‘Gopaldoddiga’ and ‘ARB6’ cultivars were selected on the basis of combining ability analysis to study the genetics of transgressive segregation for zinc content and agronomic traits using augmented designs. Results revealed the presence of general combining ability and specific combining ability effects, and the parents were found to be good general combiners for zinc in grains, 100 grains weight and grain yield per plant.

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Genetic variability and diversity play a major role in framing successful breeding programme. It is evident that genetically diverse parents are likely to produce high heterotic effects and yield desirable transgressive segregants. Keeping this in view, the present study was conducted to evaluate nature and extent of genetic variability and diversity in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.].

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An experiment was conducted involving 10 diverse parents and their 24 hybrids obtained by line x tester mating design laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed presence of ample variability for fifteen quantitative traits studied.

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The 1329 F2, 174 B1 and 191 B2 plants were evaluated along with parents (Suvin and BCS 23-18-7) and its F1 for seed cotton yield and its component traits and fibre quality traits. Top 20 transgressive segregants were selected for seed cotton yield from all three segregation generations (F2, B1 and B2), recorded 104.02 to 169.46 per cent higher seed cotton yield than best parent BCS 23-18-7 (116.90 g/plant). Six transgressive segregants recorded 5 per cent early flowering (< 65 days) with a minimum of 50 per cent yield advantage (> 177 g) over BCS 23-18-7.

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Twenty one F1 crosses generated by crossing seven diverse mungbean genotypes viz., ML-267, LGG-528, MGG-390, WGG-42, AKM-9904, LM95 and EC-362096 in a 7  7 diallel fashion without reciprocals were evaluated for fourteen quantitative characters Heterosis studies conducted on relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis revealed that the cross combinations viz., LM 95 × EC 362096, MGG 390 × LM 95 and ML 267 × LGG 528 were adjudged as the best for majority of the yield, water use efficiency and heat stress tolerant traits.

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Pearl millet is a cross pollinated crop and 5th most important crop after rice, wheat, maize and sorghum. It is dual purpose crop which is mainly grown for food and fodder. It is well adopted to adverse environmental conditions. The experiment was conducted at Bajra Research Area, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding during Kharif, 2017 and at Bajra Research Area, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding and Dryland section of Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Kharif, 2018.

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Chickpea, a cool season legume crop of the family Leguminosae and of the genus Cicer, is the world’s largest pulse crop. This crop has high productivity and holds prominent position in the international food grain trade. An experiment was conducted to identify the transgressive segregants for yield and yield contributing characters in F2 population of three crosses in chickpea. In most of the tansgressive segregants, in each of the three crosses, better parent yield was transgressed with transgression of one or several other characters.

7p caygaocaolon3 27-02-2020 18 0   Download

Hundred foxtail millet genetic resources were studied to assess the magnitude of genetic diversity for 18 metric traits using Mahalanobis D2 Statistic (Tocher’s method). The results of the study showed that the genotypes were grouped into 11 distinct non-overlapping clusters suggesting availability of substantial genetic diversity.

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The present experiment was carried out using twenty-nine elite breeding lines from Station Yield Trial - Slender Grain materials along with three check varieties at the Rice Research Station, O.U.A.T., Bhubaneswar in kharif- 2016. A part of the research was to study the genetic divergence among the breeding lines used in the experiment. The D2 values obtained from the divergence study ranged from 3.36 between OR2675-6-4 and OR2676-2-5 to 2518 between OR2675-2-1 and Samba mahsuri.

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An experiment was conducted to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance expressed as per cent of mean in F2 population of two crosses viz., DCS-47-1 × PL-1 and DCS-47-1 × PGCP-12 in cowpea. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the segregants tested for all the sixteen characters. High PCV and GVC were observed for number of secondary branches per plant, leaf to stem ratio, number of pods per plant, green fodder yield per plant, green fodder yield per metre row length and stover yield per plant in both the populations.

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The adequacy of different genetic models and nature and magnitude of gene effects responsible for the expression of seed yield and important yield contributing characters were studied in mustard. 6 generations of two crosses viz; MRNJ 88-1 X JMWR 9081-1 (Family A), MRNJ 131 X JMWR 9081-2 (Family B) sown in Compact Family Block Design were investigated.

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A set of 75 pigeonpea genotypes were evaluated during kharif 2017-18, to determine the genetic divergence among these genotypes for 17 seed yield and quality characters and to identify divergent parents. UPGMA method of Hierarchical Cluster analysis used with City Block distances grouped these genotypes into ten distinct clusters comprising of one to twenty genotypes. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and VIII followed by cluster II and VI and cluster II and IX.

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The present investigation was undertaken with a view to generate genetic information on gene effects for 14 quantitative traits in brinjal through generation mean analysis. The experimental material consists of six generations, namely P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 of four crosses in brinjal viz., AB-15-07 x GJLB-4 (cross 1), JBR-14-07 x Pant Rituraj (cross 2), NSR-01 x Swarnmani Black (cross 3) and NBR-14-05 x GJB-03 (cross 4). The results indicated that the magnitude and type of gene effects differed for the same trait in different cross combinations.

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Transgressive segregation produces hybrid progeny phenotypes that exceed the parental phenotypes. Unlike heterosis, extreme phenotypes caused by transgressive segregation are heritably stable. Maximum genetic variation in F2 generation provides the first opportunity for selection of individual plants, any one of which may end up into a new cultivar. F2 plants that surpassed the parental limits were observed in both the crosses for all the traits viz.

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An experiment was undertaken by utilizing forty finger millet genotypes for eleven yield and yield contributing characters to assess genetic divergence. The analysis of variance has shown that there was significant variation among the genotypes in all the traits. The multivariate analysis carried out using Mahalanobis D2-statistics, indicated wider genetic diversity in the genotypes of finger millet.

13p chauchaungayxua3 07-02-2020 14 1   Download