Various body fluids

Liquid biopsy can detect circulating cancer cells or tumor cell-derived DNA at various stages of cancer. The fluid from these biopsies contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, exomeres, and exosomes.

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These volumes provide a reference source of different gas chro-matographic, liquid chromatographic, or thin-layer chromatographic techniques for the qualitative determination of various therapeutic agents, including antibiotics, vitamins and hormones, drugs of abuse in body fluids, dosage forms, or food stuffs. Over 5000 publi-cations were reviewed to prepare tables of chromatographic data for 800 compounds, arranged alphabetically by generic drug name or by drug groups.

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Non-fermenting Gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) are a group of bacteria which are aerobic, non sporing and most commonly they are saprophytes. They are also found as commensals in both man and animals. NFGNB are previously considered as a contaminant but now it is emerged as a important cause for life threatening nosocomial infections and also multidrug resistant organisms. Materials and methods: One year prospective study was conducted and our aim is to characterise the non fermenters from various clinical samples and their antibiogram.

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Alveolar–capillary membrane leaks can increase the amount of surfactant protein B (SP-B) in the bloodstream. The purpose of this study was to measure the concentration of C-proSP-B, a SP-B precursor that includes C-terminal domains, in various body fluids of newborn infants and determine its dependence on gestational age.

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Infection of sterile body fluid can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Periodic surveillance and monitoring programmers are helpful for framing the antibiotic policy. The present study was undertaken to evaluate aerobic bacteriological profile along with their antibiogram from various sterile fluids over a period of five years. A total of 1708 body fluid samples were processed according to Standard guidelines and analysed in order to assess the changing trends in bacteriological profile and antibiogram.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading pathogens for hospital and community-acquired infections. Increased use of Vancomycin has resulted in the emergence of MRSA with reduced susceptibility to Vancomycin. The emergence of Vancomycin-intermediate or resistant S. aureus has created the need for other anti MRSA antibiotics. To isolate the Staphylococcus aureus from various clinical samples, determine the prevalence of MRSA and to assess the in-vitro susceptibility of Daptomycin against MRSA isolates.

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Tuberculosis is caused by various strains of Mycobacteria usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is spread through the air when people who have an active TB infection cough, sneeze, or otherwise transmit respiratory fluids through the air . In 15-20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as “Extra pulmonary Tuberculosis” extra pulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immune suppressed persons and young children. This study was conducted in tertiary care hospital, Jamnagar.

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The knowledge and implementation of microRNA expression profiles in disease diagnosis and target gene identification have grown exponentially. MicroRNAs as markers of disease diagnosis and prognosis, and as new therapeutic targets have been substantially explored in human and animals. Several target gene sites have been identified experimentally and some are predicted computationally in some livestock and pet species, and polymorphism at these sites is viewed as a basis for selection.

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Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) is a multifunctional protein that produces prostaglandin D2 and binds and transports various lipophilic substances after secretion into various body fluids as b-trace. L-PGDS has been proposed to be a useful diagnostic marker for renal injury associated with diabetes or hypertension, because the urinary and plasma concentrations are increased in patients with these diseases.

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Wise men study the sciences which deal with the origins and development of animal life, with the structure of the cells, with the effect of various diseases upon the tissues and fluids of the body; they study the causes of the reactions of the body cells to disease germs, and search for the origin and means of extermination of these enemies to health. They study the laws of physical well-being. They seek for the chemical principles governing the reactions of digestive fluids to the foods they must transform into heat and energy.

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All the phenomena of nature are characterized by motion; this is an essential property of matter, having infinity of aspects. For instance, the motion can be mechanical, physical, chemical and biological; there correspond various sciences of nature. Among them, mechanics studies the objective laws of the mechanical motion of material bodies, the simplest form of motion of matter; we will deal with such a study in what follows. The scientific study of matter has put in evidence its existence in the form of physical systems.

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Insoluble or low-solubility nanoparticles in biological fluid are the greatest cause for concern. Because of their tiny size, several studies have shown behaviour unique to NP. Some of them can pass through our various defence mechanisms and be transported through the body in insoluble form. Thus, some NP can end up in the bloodstream after passing through all the respiratory or gastrointestinal membranes. They are then distributed to various organs and accumulate at specific sites.

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A Abatement: Reducing the degree or intensity of, or eliminating, pollution. Abatement Debris: Waste from remediation activities. Absorbed Dose: In exposure assessment, the amount of a substance that penetrates an exposed organism's absorption barriers (e.g.,, skin, lung tissue, gastrointestinal tract) through physical or biological processes. The term is synonymous with internal dose. Absorption Barrier: Any of the exchange sites of the body that permit uptake of various substances at different rates (e.g., skin, lung tissue, and gastrointestinal-tract wall).

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Other Moraxella Species Other Moraxella species are occasional causes of a wide range of infections, including bronchitis, pneumonia, empyema, endocarditis, meningitis, conjunctivitis, endophthalmitis, urinary tract infection, septic arthritis, and wound infection. In a report on all Moraxella isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1953 and 1980, certain clinical associations were apparent (Table 138-2). M. osloensis and M.

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Titration is a versatile analytical procedure that can be used for a wide variety of chemical analyses. For example, when your town’s water supply is tested for purity, or pond water is tested for dissolved oxygen and contaminants, chances are a titration is carried out. Some tests essential for a medical diagnosis require a titration of various body fluids. A titration makes use of a known reaction between two chemicals. A solution of unknown concentration is reacted with a precisely measured amount of another chemical.

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