Viral genome

Influenza infects tens of millions of people every year in the USA. Other than notable risk groups, such as children and the elderly, it is difficult to predict what subpopulations are at higher risk of infection. Viral challenge studies, where healthy human volunteers are inoculated with live influenza virus, provide a unique opportunity to study infection susceptibility.

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Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin caused by either the integration of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and expression of viral T antigens or by ultravioletinduced damage to the tumor genome from excessive sunlight exposure.

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Humans and viruses have co-evolved for millennia resulting in a complex host genetic architecture. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of immune response to viral infection provides insight into disease etiology and therapeutic opportunities.

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Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly used to map the spread of bacterial and viral pathogens in nosocomial settings. A limiting factor for more widespread adoption of WGS for hospital infection prevention practices is the availability of standardized tools for genomic epidemiology.

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Worldwide, over 350 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and are at increased risk of developing progressive liver diseases. The confinement of HBV replication to the liver, which also acts as the central hub for metabolic and nutritional regulation, emphasizes the interlinked nature of host metabolism and the disease.

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Viral and bacterial infections are involved in the development of human cancers, such as liver, nasopharyngeal, cervical, head and neck, and gastric cancers. Aberrant DNA methylation is frequently present in these cancers, and some of the aberrantly methylated genes are causally involved in cancer development and progression.

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Ebola virus disease (EVD) is an often-fatal infection where the effectiveness of medical countermeasures is uncertain. During the West African outbreak (2013–2016), several patients were treated with different types of antiviral therapies including monoclonal antibody-based cocktails that had the potential to neutralise Ebola virus (EBOV). However, at the time, the efficacy of these therapies was uncertain.

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Measuring host gene expression is a promising diagnostic strategy to discriminate bacterial and viral infections. Multiple signatures of varying size, complexity, and target populations have been described. However, there is little information to indicate how the performance of various published signatures compare to one another.

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the brain and spinal cord resulting in physical and cognitive impairment in young adults. It is hypothesized that a disrupted bacterial and viral gut microbiota is a part of the pathogenesis mediating disease impact through an altered gut microbiota-brain axis.

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Viral acute respiratory illnesses (viral ARIs) contribute significantly to human morbidity and mortality worldwide, but their successful treatment requires timely diagnosis of viral etiology, which is complicated by overlap in clinical presentation with the non-viral ARIs.

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The Lentivirus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes chronic inflammation and AIDS in humans, with variable rates of disease progression between individuals driven by both host and viral factors.

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Ebook "Genetic engineering: Principles and methods (Volume 28)" presents state-of-the-art discussions in modern genetics and genetic engineering. This focus affirms a commitment to publish important reviews of the broadest interest to geneticists and their colleagues in affiliated disciplines. Recent volumes have covered gene therapy research, genetic mapping, plant science and technology, transport protein biochemistry, and viral vectors in gene therapy, among other topics.

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Part 2 book "The common marmoset in captivity and biomedical research" includes content: Viral diseases of common marmosets; bacterial diseases; parasitic diseases; neoplastic diseases; the genome of the common marmoset; creating genetically modified marmosets; marmosets in aging research; the marmoset as a model for visual neuroscience; marmosets in neurologic disease research parkinson;s disease; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the marmoset as a translational model for multiple sclerosis,... and other contents.

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Part 1 book "Studies in viral ecology - Microbial and botanical host systems" includes content: Defining the ecology of viruses; an introduction to viral taxonomy with emphasis on microbial and botanical hosts and the proposal of akamara, a potential domain for the genomic acellular agents; virus morphology, replication, and assembly; bacteriophage and viral ecology as seen through the lens of nucleic acid sequence data,... and other contents.

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Part 1 book " Comparative plant virology" includes content: What is a virus; overview of plant viruses; agents that resemble or alter plant virus diseases; plant virus origins and evolution; architecture and assembly of virus particles; plant viral genomes; expression of viral genomes; virus replication.

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Part 2 book "Bats and viruses" includes content: Bat reoviruses, other bat borne viruses, anthropogenic epidemics - The ecology of bat borne viruses and our role in their emergence; are bats really “special” as viral reservoirs what we know and need to know, animal models of recently emerged bat borne viruses; bat genomics; bat immunology.

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Part 2 book "Fish diseases and disorders (Vol 3: Viral, bacterial and fungal infections)" includes content: Mycobacteriosis and nocardiosis; furunculosis and other aeromonad diseases; enteric redmouth disease (erm) (yersinia ruckeri); edwardsiella septicaemias; vibriosis; flavobacterial diseases - columnaris disease, coldwater disease and bacterial gill disease; pasteurellosis and other bacterial diseases; saprolegnia and other oomycetes; ichthyophonus; shell. sh diseases (viral, bacterial and fungal); genomics of fish and shell. sh microbial pathogens.

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Part 1 book "Current trends in the study of bacterial and viral fish and shrimp diseases" includes content: Bacterial diseases of fish — where do we, viruses of fish, innate immune recognition of pathogens, molecular mechanisms of interactions between, molecular mechanisms of host–pathogen interactions between vibrio anguillarum and fish, molecular characterization and pathogenicity of white spot syndrome virus, use of functional genomics to identify and characterize virulence factors of edwardsiella tarda, use of genomics and proteomics to study white spot syndrome virus.

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Part 2 book "Principles of virology (4/E - Vol 1: Molecular biology)" includes content: Replication of DNA genomes, processing of viral pre MRNA, protein synthesis, intracellular trafficking; assembly, exit, and maturation, the infected cell.

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Part 2 book "Molecular and cellular biology of viruses" includes content: Gene expression and genome replication in the double stranded DNA viruses; gene expression and genome replication in the single stranded DNA viruses; gene expression and genome replication in the retroviruses and hepadnaviruses; assembly, release, and maturation, virus–host interactions during lytic growth, persistent viral infections, viral evasion of innate host defenses, viral evasion of adaptive host defenses, medical applications of molecular and cellular virology,... and other contents.

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