Visual disturbances

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare neurologic syndrome that affects patients with cancer and commonly presents with symptoms of personality changes, visual disturbances, seizures, vertigo, and memory loss.

5p vigamora 23-05-2023 8 2   Download

The critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) is the frequency at which a flickering stimulus is perceived to be constant; the quick recognition of variation in stimuli indicates the active coordination between eyes and brain. When human eyes get exposed to the light radiating from Smartphone screen for longer period that driven us into recognizable mental and visual fatigue results in sleep disturbances, mood fluctuations, insomnia, dry eyes, computer vision syndrome, misconceptions and tactile hallucinations.

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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a potentially reversible clinicoradiologic syndrome characterized by headache, mental confusion, visual disturbances and seizures associated with posterior cerebral lesions on radiological imaging. Prompt treatment of this condition is mandatory to avoid severe irreversible complications.

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Temporalis muscle hypertrophy is a rare entity of masticatory muscle hypertrophy. All types of masticatory muscle hypertrophies have been documented of which temporalis muscle hypertrophy is one.

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(bq) part 1 book “rapid neurology and neurosurgery” has contents: basic neuroanatomy; neurological history, examination, signs and localization; neurological investigations; visual disturbances, dizziness and vertigo, numbness and sensory disturbance; gait assessment and disturbance,… and other contents.

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Methanol: Short-term inhalation of methanol is linked to motor dysfunctions and visual disturbances such as blurred vision leading to blindness. Long-term exposure can result in headaches, insomnia and visual disturbances. There is no evidence linking exposure to methanol and cancer. Toluene, xylenes, MEK, MIBK and methanol also are classified as VOCs. Once released to the atmosphere, VOCs react with nitrogen oxides and sunlight to form ground-level ozone.

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Most information about the external world enters the human mind via the visual system; when seeing and looking are impaired, important aspects of life may elude us or the world becomes disturbingly distorted. While the globe may be likened to a camera, it is the brain that constructs an image of the world. It does this by making sense of the signals it receives from the retina, in which it is helped by data stored in memory as well as data gathered through other modes of perception.

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Clinical Presentation Symptoms The clinical onset of the chronic phase is generally insidious. Accordingly, some patients are diagnosed while still asymptomatic, during health-screening tests; other patients present with fatigue, malaise, and weight loss or have symptoms resulting from splenic enlargement, such as early satiety and left upper quadrant pain or mass. Less common are features related to granulocyte or platelet dysfunction, such as infections, thrombosis, or bleeding.

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Hemiparesis Hemiparesis results from an upper motor neuron lesion above the midcervical spinal cord; most such lesions are above the foramen magnum. The presence of other neurologic deficits helps to localize the lesion. Thus, language disorders, cortical sensory disturbances, cognitive abnormalities, disorders of visual-spatial integration, apraxia, or seizures point to a cortical lesion. Homonymous visual field defects reflect either a cortical or a subcortical hemispheric lesion.

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Migraine Headache Migraine, the second most common cause of headache, afflicts approximately 15% of women and 6% of men. It is usually an episodic headache that is associated with certain features such as sensitivity to light, sound, or movement; nausea and vomiting often accompany the headache. A useful description of migraine is a benign and recurring syndrome of headache associated with other symptoms of neurologic dysfunction in varying admixtures (Table 15-3). Migraine can often be recognized by its activators, referred to as triggers.

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Introduction: Methanol (methyl alcohol) poisoning accidents take place most frequently by drinking it in mistake for ethanol. Methanol poisoning is not due to the effect of methanol itself, but due to toxicity of its metabolites. Methanol is rapidly absorbed into human body through the airway mucous membranes, digestive tract mucous membranes or the skin; it is metabolized into formaldehyde (formalin, HCHO) and then formic acid (HCOOH) by the actions of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, respectively.

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