Worker’s earnings

Unlike studies in developed countries, this paper finds that Vietnam has a higher incidence of under-education than over-education due to a large proportion of the population in rural and remote areas not having access to formal education. Further, qualification mismatch has an asymmetric effect on earnings in the sense that the wage rate is flexible downward but rigid upward. In particular, years of schooling that are in excess or in deficit of the required level for the job are not compensated with higher earnings.

11p caygaocaolon5 19-05-2020 25 1   Download

An elderly or old age woman comprises the later part of life; the period of life after youth and middle age. The elderly women lived in vulnerable conditions and don’t have any vocational skills in order to earn their livelihood as their whole life is spent doing household work and their physical health didn’t allowed them to work. They faced vulnerability in the psychological, economical, physical and social areas. The elderly women in unorganized sector were living in susceptible conditions and they were given less importance.

6p kequaidan2 11-12-2019 13 0   Download

Handloom sector is a leading sphere in the country after agriculture in providing direct and indirect employment to more than 43 lakh weavers and allied workers. The present study was taken up to find out the socio economic status of handloom weavers. Purposive random sampling method was used to select the 120durrie weavers from Warangal urban. Income, educational qualification, and profession were taken into consideration to compute socioeconomic status. Findings revealed that gender ratio in the occupation was3:1.

7p kequaidan2 11-12-2019 19 2   Download

This study examines the wage differentials between migrant and non-migrant workers. Based on data from Vietnam Migration Survey in 2004, earnings equations with and without Instrumental Variable (IV) are estimated for migrant workers and non-migrant workers. From these results, the study compares the wage structure for migrant workers and non-migrant workers. Oaxaca decomposition of the wage differentials of the two groups workers are carried out.

8p danhnguyentuongvi27 19-12-2018 23 1   Download

Unions give a significant wage advantage to women. Women in unions earned an average $6.29 per hour more than those who were not part of a union. 8 This difference reflects factors other than union membership alone; union members are more likely to be older and more experienced, work in public services, for large firms, and be highly trained. 9 Belonging to a union brings further advantages such as health benefits and paid leave. Notably the unionized for childcare workers (predominately female) earn $5.31 per hour more than non-unionized childcare providers. ...

29p trinhcaidat 22-04-2013 48 3   Download

The presence of children is also a factor. Women who postponed having children after age 28 earned at least 6% more in 1998 than women who had their children earlier. This is because wage growth and promotion opportunities occur early in on womenís careers. 4 A 1996 Canadian study found that low paid workers tended to be young and female, with an education of high school or less. In addition, they often worked part time in service occupations.

242p trinhcaidat 22-04-2013 47 4   Download

The ECE industry in California directly employs around 154,000 to 169,700 individuals caring for children. In licensed FCC homes there are 38,989 providers and 19,262 paid assistants (CCCRRN 2009 and Whitebook et al. 2006c), 2 and in licensed centers there are 44,600 teachers, 22,600 assistant teachers, and 6,900 directors (CCCRRN 2011). We estimate that between 24,100 and 39,800 Californians are employed in license-exempt FCC (authors’ analysis, see Appendix C). The vast majority of ECE workers are female.

20p trinhcaidat 19-04-2013 40 4   Download

In this paper, we also build on existing research by quantifying the impact that the ECE industry has on California’s economy in terms of parents’ purchasing power, economic output, jobs, and tax rev- enue. We found that parents who rely on paid ECE services have purchasing power of $26.4 billion, based on their annual earnings. We also found that every dollar spent on the ECE industry yields two dollars in economic output for the entire California economy. This is because ECE spending creates demand for suppliers and at the businesses where ECE workers and their families shop.

56p trinhcaidat 19-04-2013 50 4   Download

Our review of the research finds that the ECE industry benefits the California economy by promoting and facilitating parents’ ability to participate in the paid workforce. Research has found that high-quality and reliable child care increases worker productivity and improves businesses’ bottom line. Access to ECE reduces absenteeism and decreases turnover. ECE is especially important to the careers and earnings of mothers. Parents’ ability to pursue education is also tied to the availability of ECE. ...

0p trinhcaidat 19-04-2013 48 3   Download

One way affluent households might respond to a tax increase is by working less, as they see a smaller return on each hour of work. Alternatively, since after-tax income would decline, households might work more to maintain their pre-law- change levels of consumption. The research on this question indicates that labor supply, particularly among men, is unresponsive to tax rates. While most studies do not focus specifically on affluent households, the few that do arrive at a similar conclusion.

10p trinhcaidat 19-04-2013 42 4   Download

Taylor knew that if he developed a better way for employees to produce more for the company, he could pass some of the increased reward to the employees. He was successful, and his employees earned more pay that led to better living conditions for the workers’families. Taylor clearly desired to meet the physical needs of his employees. However, Taylor fell short in two areas as he ignored the emotional and spiritual needs of the employees.

199p namde01 09-04-2013 37 8   Download

To the extent that mismatch is important, closing racial and ethnic gaps in employment and earnings requires improving the access of spatially-isolated minority workers to the full set of employment opportunities within regional economies. Improving accessibility can be accomplished through some combination of community development, residential mobility, and transportation programs. 2 Among the latter set of options, a potential tool for enhancing accessibility would be to increase auto access for racial and ethnic minorities.

33p nhacnenzingme 23-03-2013 48 4   Download

It is generally accepted that the gap between the earnings of unskilled and semi-skilled workers on the one hand, and skilled and highly skilled workers, on the other, narrowed in South Africa during the 1970s and 1980s. This paper investigates whether the gap between the real earnings of highly skilled and low-skilled workers in the formal sector of the South African economy continued to narrow after this country’s transition to democracy.

0p chieckhanpieu 20-03-2013 51 7   Download

While small firms’ average pay tends to be lower than that of larger firms, the demographic profile of the small firm work force needs to be taken into account when comparing wages. For example, about one-third of the difference between small- and large-firm earnings per employee disappears when the comparison is limited to workers who are full-time and have at least a college degree. 11 Small firms’ share of workers, or workers by race or age, does not change much over time or changes slowly, but this relative calm tends to conceal some interesting job flows. The...

7p nhacchovina 25-02-2013 33 2   Download

This paper measures the role of quality-adjusted years of schooling in accounting for cross-country output per worker differences. While data on years of schooling are readily available, data on education quality are not. I use the returns to schooling of foreign-educated immigrants in the United States to infer the education quality of their birth country. Immigrants from developed countries earn higher returns than do immigrants from developing countries; I provide evidence that this pattern is likely explained by education quality differences and not selection.

53p bin_pham 06-02-2013 45 3   Download

According to the United States Census in 2000, over 40 per cent of Latinos earn less than $20,000 a year and over 70 per cent earn less than $35,000 a year. On average, immigrants in the United States send $260 in remittances at least seven times a year, but these amounts vary depending on the country of origin. Among Latin Americans, Brazilians, Costa Ricans and Mexicans, send the most, while Haitians, Nicaraguans and Peruvians send the least. While there is a considerable variation among migrant populations, remittances represent at least 10 per...

36p enterroi 02-02-2013 34 4   Download

The sick have been held hostage for their money or intangible assets since time immemorial. Doctors, even primitive and natural healers, surround themselves with mystery as they use herbs or chemicals and incantations or “prognoses” to help the sick recover. Today, the medical industry (doctors and their suppliers and insurers) take a significant amount of the worker's earnings.

631p cronus75 18-01-2013 83 6   Download

Moreover, poor women who have access to financial services have proven themselves to be highly creditworthy. Anecdotal evidence indicates that women repay their loans more consistently than do men. Necessity has made women careful strategists who plan for the future, shrewd risk-takers with an eye for economic opportunities and hard workers who put their families’ welfare first. Investing in the earning power of women pays big dividends for families, for society and for microfinance institutions, enabling them to serve more and more clients.

71p bi_ve_sau 17-01-2013 44 3   Download

There is ample scientific evidence that working (and other organizational) life and its conditions are powerful determinants of health, for better or for worse. The relationship works both ways. Work affects health but health, more often than not, also affects a person’s productivity and earning capacity as well as his or her social and family relationships. Needless to say, this holds true for all aspects of health, both physical and mental (Levi, 2002).

715p cronus75 13-01-2013 41 3   Download

Before meeting Margaret and Mama Lomayani, Maria would go to church and cry all day. But now, “They have given me hope,” she says. Maria braids hair and washes her neighbor’s clothes to earn money, but it is difficult to make ends meet. Mama Lomayani is helping Maria obtain a small loan to buy shampoo and oils to sell and to expand her hair-braiding business. She also hopes to sell jewelry and other small items to her clients. This money will go straight into a bank account to pay for her son’s future school fees.

28p le_minh_nha 25-12-2012 47 3   Download