DNA replication

Glofish is the first transgenic animal approved to be consumed by human in the USA  The insertion of different constructs of GFP into the fish genomes to give different green colors.The idea for recombinant DNA was first proposed by Peter Lobban, a graduate student of Prof. Dale Kaiser in the Biochemistry Department at Stanford University Medical School. The first publications describing the successful production and intracellular replication of recombinant DNA appeared in 1972 and 1973.

54p zingzing09 24-04-2013 79 6   Download

Bài giảng Sự nhân đôi của DNA (DNA replication) trình bày: Sơ đồ truyền thông tin di truyền, các base (purine và pyrimidine), danh pháp, mạch đôi của DNA, cấu trúc nucleosome, vai trò của histone, sự nhân đôi NST và DNA diễn ra ở pha S và các nội dung khác.

54p kianh88 05-05-2015 94 6   Download

Chương này trình bày về sự nhân đôi và sửa chữa của DNA (DNA replication and repair). Nội dung chính trong chương gồm có: các base (purine và pyrimidine), cấu trúc nucleosome, vai trò của histone, sự nhân đôi NST và DNA diễn ra ở pha S, phức hợp protein tại ngã ba nhân đôi, Đặc điểm của các DNA polymerases,… Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.

50p tieu_vu16 03-01-2019 53 3   Download

This chapter provides knowledge of cell cycle. The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: List the phases of the cell cycle and describe the key events of each phase, describe the process of DNA replication.

9p tangtuy07 02-04-2016 33 2   Download

Chromatin is a highly dynamic structure that plays an essential role in regulating all nuclear processes that utilize the DNA template including DNA repair, replication, transcription and recombination. Thus, the mechanisms by which chromatin structures are assembled and modified are questions of broad interest. This minireview will focus on two groups of proteins: (a) histone chaperones and (b) ATPdependent chromatin remodeling machines, that co-operate to assemble DNA and histone proteins into chromatin....

7p research12 01-06-2013 36 4   Download

The primary purpose of the present study was to investi-gate whether DNA replication at meiotic prophase also requires replication factors, especially proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We cloned PCNA cDNAs (CoPCNA) from a cDNA library made from basidia of the basidiomycete,Coprinus cinereus. Interestingly, although CoPCNAis a single-copy gene in the genome, two di€er-entPCNAcDNA species were isolated using degenerate primers and a meiotic cDNA library, and were designated asCoPCNA-aandCoPCNA-b. ...

11p research12 29-04-2013 46 4   Download

Baculoviruses are well known for their large, circular, dou-ble-stranded DNA genomes. The type member, AcMNPV, is the best characterized andundergoes a successionof early, late and very late gene expression during its infection cycle. The viral genes involved inDNAreplicationhave previously been identified and their products are required for the acti-vation of late gene expression.

8p tumor12 22-04-2013 52 3   Download

Mammalian mitochondria contain strong nuclease activity. Endonuclease G (endoG), which predominantly resides in mitochondria, accounts for a large part of this nuclease activity. It has been proposed to act as an RNase H-like nuclease on RNAÆDNA hybrids (R-loops) in the D-loop region where the origins of mitochondrial replication are mapped, providing RNA primers for mtDNA replication.

6p tumor12 22-04-2013 38 2   Download

It was shown previously [Riedinger, H. J., van Betteraey-Nikoleit, M & Probst, H. (2002)Eur. J. Biochem.269, 2383–2393] that initiation ofin vivo SV40 DNA replication is reversibly suppressed by hypoxia in a state where viral minichromosomes exhibit a nearly complete set of repli-cation proteins. Reoxygenation triggers fast completion and post-translational modifications.

11p tumor12 20-04-2013 31 2   Download

Minichromosome maintenance proteins (Mcm) 2–7 play essential roles in eukaryotic DNA replication. Several reports have indicated the usefulness of Mcm proteins as markers of cancer cells in histopathological diagnosis. However, their mode of expression and pathophysiological significance in cancer cells remain to be clarified. We com-paredthe level of expressionofMcmproteins amonghuman HeLa uterine cervical carcinoma cells, SV40-transformed human fibroblast GM00637 cells andnormal human fibro-blastWI-38 cells....

13p tumor12 20-04-2013 32 2   Download

The selective manipulation of the expression and replica-tion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within mammalian cells has proven difficult. In progressing towards this goal we synthesized a novel mitochondria-targeted DNA-alkylating reagent. The active alkylating moiety [(11aS)-8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,2,3,11a-tetrahydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c] [1,4]benzodiazepin-5-one (DC-81)], irreversibly alkylates guanine bases in DNA (with a preference for AGA tri-plets), preventing its expression and replication.

10p fptmusic 16-04-2013 33 4   Download

Host species specificity of the polyomaviruses simian virus 40 (SV40) and mouse polyomavirus (PyV) has been shown to be determined by the host DNA polymerase a-primase complex involved in the initiation of both viral and host DNA replication. Here we demonstrate that DNA repli-cation of the related human pathogenic polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) can be supportedin vitro by DNA polymerase a-primase of either human or murine origin indicating that the mechanism of its strict species specificity differs from that of SV40 and PyV.

8p fptmusic 16-04-2013 46 3   Download

Ribonucleotide reductase is essential for the synthesis of all four dNTPs required for DNA replication. The enzyme is composed of two proteins, R1 and R2, which are both needed for activity. Expression of the R1 andR2mRNAs is restricted to the S-phase of the cell cycle, but the R1 andR2 promoters shownoobvious sequence homologies that could indicate coordination of transcription.

11p fptmusic 16-04-2013 41 3   Download

The structural changes produced by the minor-groove binding ligand DAPI (4¢,6-diamidine-2-phenylindole) on individual strands of trinucleotide repeat sequences were detectedby electrophoreticband-shift analysis andrelated to their effects on DNA replication in vitro. Among the 20 possible single-stranded trinucleotide repeats, only theT-rich strand of the AATÆATT triplet exhibits an observable fluorescence band and a change in electrophoretic mobility due to the drug binding.

7p fptmusic 12-04-2013 46 4   Download

Replication of DNA is essential for the propagation of life. It is somewhat surprising then that, despite the vital nature of this process, cellular organ-isms show a great deal of variety in the mechanisms that they employ to ensure appropriate genome duplication. This diversity is manifested along classical evolutionary lines, with distinct combinations of replicon architec-ture and replication proteins being found in the three domains of life: the Bacteria, the Eukarya and the Archaea.

10p fptmusic 11-04-2013 72 3   Download

Replication protein A (RPA), a heterotrimeric protein composed of 70, 32 and 14-kDa subunits, has been shown to be essential for DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. Previously, we found that, in two seed plants, rice and Arabidopsis, there are two different types of RPA70-kDa subunit. Substantial biochemical and genetic characterization of these two subunits, termed OsRPA70aand OsRPA70bor AtRPA70a and AtRPA70b, respectively, is described in this report.

12p fptmusic 11-04-2013 43 3   Download

During DNA replication, transcription and DNA repair in eukaryotes, the cellular machineries performing these tasks need to gain access to the DNA that is packaged into chromatin in the nucleus.Chromatin is a dynamic structure thatmodulates the access of regulatory factors to the genetic material.A precise coordination and organization of events in opening and closing of the chromatin is crucial to ensure that the correct spatial and temporal epigenetic code is maintained within the eukaryotic genome....

15p dell39 03-04-2013 45 4   Download

NA helicases are ubiquitous molecular motor proteins which harness the chemical free energy of ATPhydrolysis to catalyze the unwinding of energetically stable duplex DNA, and thus play important roles in nearly all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism, including replication, repair, recombina-tion, and transcription. They break the hydrogen bonds between the duplex helix and move unidirectionally along the bound strand. All helicases are also translocases and DNA-dependentATPases.Most contain conserved helicase motifs that act as an engine to power DNA unwinding. ...

14p dell39 03-04-2013 40 5   Download

MCM4, a subunit of a putative replicative helicase, is phosphorylated dur-ing the cell cycle, at least in part by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), which play a central role in the regulation of DNA replication. However, detailed characterization of the phosphorylation of MCM4 remains to be per-formed.

16p inspiron33 26-03-2013 49 5   Download

The contributions of human DNA polymerases (pols)a, dande during S-phase progression were studied in order to elaborate how these enzymes co-ordinate their functions during nuclear DNA replication. Pol d was three to four times more intensely UV cross-linked to nascent DNA in late compared with early S phase, whereas the cross-linking of pols aande remained nearly constant throughout the S phase.

18p inspiron33 25-03-2013 68 4   Download