(THE USE OF TENSES)- CÁCH DÙNG CÁC THÌ

Chia sẻ: Thanh Cong | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:12

Thêm vào BST

Báo xấu

266
lượt xem 19
download

Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

Tham khảo tài liệu '(the use of tenses)- cách dùng các thì', tài liệu phổ thông, ôn thi đh-cđ phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả

Chủ đề:

Bình luận(0) Đăng nhập để gửi bình luận!

Lưu

Nội dung Text: (THE USE OF TENSES)- CÁCH DÙNG CÁC THÌ

(THE USE OF TENSES)- CÁCH DÙNG CÁC THÌ Thì biểu thị thời gian và trạng thái của hành động được diễn đạt bằng động từ. Có 12 thì ở dạng chủ động của động từ tiếng Anh. Để hiểu được hình thái của các thì, ta có thể nghiên cứu cách chia động từ TO WORK trong bảng dưới đây : Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect continuous - I (You / We / - I am working - I (You / We / They) - I (You / We / They) have been They) work - He (She / It) is have worked Present working - He (She / It) has working - He (She / It) - You (We / They) are worked - He ( She / It) has been working works working - I (You / He / - I (He / She / It) was - I (You / He / She / It / - I (You / He / She / It / We / They) Past She / It / We / working We / They) had worked had been working They) worked - You (We / They) were working - I (We) shall - I (We) shall be - I (We) shall have - I (We) shall have been working Future - You (He / She / It / They) will have work working worked - You (He / She / - You (He / She / It / - You (He / She / it / been working it / They) will They) will be working They) will have worked work * 1. SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE PRESENT VÀ THÌ PRESENT CONTINUOUS Tiếng Anh có hai thì hiện tại mà đa số các em học sinh hay lẫn lộn cách sử dụng. Đó là thì hiện tại đơn (Simple Present) và thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present Continuous). * Thì Simple Present được dùng để chỉ một hành động diễn ra trong thời gian nói chung, không nhất thiết phải là thời gian ở hiện tại. Thời gian nói chung là thời gian mà sự việc diễn ra mỗi ngày (every day), mỗi tuần (every week), mỗi tháng (every month), mỗi năm (every year), mỗi mùa (every spring / summer / autumn / winter)… - He goes to school every day. (Nó đi đến trường mỗi ngày) - Mr.Brown travels every summer. (Hè nào ông Brown cũng đi du lịch) * Thì Present Continuous được dùng để chỉ một hành động đang xảy ra (a current activity) hay một sự việc chúng ta đang làm bây giờ (now/ at present/ at this moment), hôm nay (today), tuần này (this week), năm nay (this year)… - We are learning English now. (Bây giờ chúng tôi đang học tiếng Anh) - Mary is playing the piano at the moment. (Hiện giờ Mary đang chơi dương cầm) - I work in a bakery every day.(Tôi làm việc ở tiệm bánh mỗi ngày) Hãy so sánh : -I’m working in a bakery this week. (Tuần này tôi đanglàm việc ở tiệm bánh) * CHÚ Ý : (1) + Thì Simple Present thường được dùng với các động từ chỉ tri giác (verbs of perception) như : feel (cảm thấy), see (nhìn thấy), hear (nghe)… và các động từ chỉ trạng thái như : know (biết), understand (hiểu), mean (có ý định), like (thích), prefer (thích hơn), love (yêu), hate (ghét), need (cần), want (muốn), remember (nhớ), recognize (nhận ra), believe (tin)… + Ngoài ra chúng ta còn dùng thì Simple Present với động từ : be, appear (có vẻ), belong (thuộc về ai), have to (phải)… + Thì Simple Present còn được dùng với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất lập đi lập lại (adverbs of frequency) như : always (luôn luôn), usually (thường thường), often (thường), sometimes (đôi khi), seldom (ít khi), generally (thường), rarely (hiếm khi), never (không bao giờ) … - That child needs care. (Đứa bé đó cần sự chăm sóc) - This book belongs to me. (Quyển sách này là của tôi) - He never comes late. (Nó không bao giờ đến trễ) + Chúng ta cũng dùng thì Simple Present để chỉ một chân lý hay một sự thật hiển nhiên (a general truth). - The sun rises in the east. (Mặt trời mọc ở hướng đông) - Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom. (Không gì quí hơn độc lập tự do) (2) Thì Present Continuous còn được dùng để chỉ hành động ở một tương lai gần (a near future action) và thường đi với các trạng từ chỉ tương lai như : tomorrow (ngày mai), next week (tuần tới), next month (tháng tới), next year (năm tới), next summer (mùa hè tới) … - I am going out tonight. ( Tối nay tôi sẽ đi chơi) - My father is travelling to Japan next week. (Ba tôi sẽ du lịch tới Nhật trong tuần tới) Exercise I : Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense. 1/ I (have) __________ coffee for breakfast every day.
2/ My brother (work) __________ in a shoe store this summer. 3/ The student (look) ___________ up that new word now. 4/ She (go) __________ to school every day. 5/ We (do) __________ this exercise at the moment. 6/ Miss Helen (read) ___________ a newspaper now. 7/ It (rain) __________ very much in the summer. It (rain) _________ now. 8/ Bad students never (work) __________ hard. 9/ He generally (sing) ________ in English, but today he (sing) ________ in Spanish. 10/ We seldom (eat) __________ before 6.30. 11/ She sometimes (buy) ___________ vegetables at his market. 12/ Be quiet. The baby (sleep) ____________. 13/ We always (do) ___________ our exercises carefully. 14/ Look. A man (run) ________ after th e train. He (want) _______ to catch it. 15/ It (be) __________ very cold now. 16/ John (travel) __________ to England tomorrow. 17/ I (need) ____________ some money for my textbooks. 18/ Tom (like) __________ to go to the museums. 19/ Mary (love) __________ ice-cream. 20/ My mother (cook) __________ some food in the kitchen at present. She always (cook) __________ in the mornings. 21/ I often (leave) __________ the city at weekends. 22/ The guests (watch) __________ the TV programmes now. 23/ I (see) ___________ you (wear) ___________ your best clothes. 24/ The sun (set)__________ in the west. 25/ My friend (study) __________ English for an hour every night. 26/ Listen. I (hear)___________ someone knocking at the front door. 27/ I (do) ____ an exercise on the present tense at the moment and I (think) ______ that I (know) _____how to use it now. 28/ Honesty (be) __________ the best policy. 29/ The earth (go) __________ round the sun. 30/ Two and two (make) __________ four. *2 SO SÁNH THÌ PRESENT PERFECT VÀ THÌ SIMPLE PAST * Thì Present perfect (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ một quá khứ không rõ thời điểm còn liên lạc với hiện tại. * Thì Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) được dùng để chỉ một quá khứ có thời điểm rõ rệt cắt đứt với hiện tại. + CHÚ Ý : (1) Thì Present Perfect thường đi với những từ nh ư : up to now, up to the present, so far (cho tới nay), not … yet (vẫn chưa), for, since, ever (đã từng), never, several times (nhiều lần), just (vừa), recently (vừa mới), lately (mới đây) ... - Have you ever seen a tiger ? (Bạn có bao giờ nhìn thấy cọp chưa) - The train has not arrived yet. (Chiếc xe lửa vẫn chưa đến) - We have lived here for six years. (Chúng tôi đã sinh sống tại nơi đây được 6 năm) - The bell has just rung. (Chuông vừa mới reo) (2) * Thì Simple Past thường đi với những tiếng chỉ thời gian quá khứ xác định như : yesterday (ngày hôm qua), the day before yesterday (ngày hôm kia), last week (tuần rồi), last month (tháng rồi), last year (năm rồi), last summer (mùa hè rồi), ago (cách đây). - We came here a month ago. (Chúng tôi đến đây cách đây một tháng) - He went to the cinema yesterday. (Hôm qua nó đi xem phim) * Thì Simple Past còn được dùng để chỉ một chuỗi các hành động kế tiếp xảy ra trong quá khứ. - He closed all the windows, locked the doors and then went out. (Nó đóng tất cả cửa sổ lại, khóa các cửa cái lại, rồi đi ra khỏi nhà) Exercise II : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense. 1/ We (never watch) __________ that TV programme. 2/ We (watch) __________ a good programme on TV last night. 3/ He (read) __________ that novel many times before. 4/ He (read) __________ that novel again during my last vacation. 5/ I (have) __________ a little trouble with my car last week. 6/ However, I (have) __________ no trouble with my car since then. 7/ I (not see) __________ John for a long time. I (see) __________ him 3 weeks ago. 8/ The school bell (ring) __________. We must go now. 9/ I (meet) __________ Mary last night. She (become) __________ a very big girl. 10/ He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________ since this morning.
11/ It is very hot. Summer (come) __________. 12/ They (study) __________ at this school for 7 years now. 13/ They (begin) __________ to study at this school 7 years ago. 14/ Since when (you know) ___________ her ? 15/ How long ago (he start) __________ to learn French ? 16/ She (lose) __________ her handbag on the train yesterday morning. 17/ My mother (be) ______ in hospital for a long time and she cannot go home yet. 18/ His dog (just run) __________ out of the garden. 19/ Mr Brown (travel) __________ by air several times in the past. 20/ He (travel) ___________ to Mexico by air last summer. * 3. SO SÁNH THÌ PRESENT PERFECT VÀ THÌ PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Present perfect (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ kết quả của một tình trạng ở hiện tại (the result of the present state), một việc xảy ra trong quá khứ không rõ thời điểm, lập đi lập lại nhiều lần và kéo dài đến hiện tại. + Thì Present Perfect Continuous (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn) được dùng để chỉ sự tiếp diễn của một hành động (the continuity of an action) cho tới hiện tại. - I have been waiting for two hours, but she has not come yet. (Tôi đã chờ suốt hai tiếng nhưng cô ấy vẫn chưa đến) - He has been living here since 1975. (Ông ấy đã sống ở đây từ năm 1975.) - We have been working in the garden all morning. (Chúng tôi đã làm việc ở ngòai vườn suốt cả buổi sáng.) + Thì Present Perfect Continuous còn được dùng với các động từ như : lie (năm), wait (chờ đợi), sit (ngồi), stand (đứng), study, learn (học), live (sống), rest (nghĩ nghơi), stay (ở)… - They have been learning English since 1995. (Họ đã học tiếng Anh liên tục từ năm 1995 đến nay) -The chair has been lying in the store window for ages. (Cái ghế này nằm ở trong tủ kính đã lâu lắm rồi) Exercise III : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the present perfect continuous tense. 1/ I (try) __________ to learn French for years, but I (not succeed) _________ yet. 2/ She (read) _________ all the works of Dickens. How many (you read) _________? 3/ I (wait) __________ here nearly half an hour for my girlfriend; do you think she (forget) __________ to come ? 4/ Mary (rest) __________ in the garden all day because she (be) __________ ill. 5/ Although John (study) __________ at the University for 5 years, he (not get) __________ his degree yet. 6/ Jack (go) __________ to Switzerland for a holiday. He (never, be) _____ there. 7/ We (live) __________ here for the last six months, and (just, decide) __________ to move. 8/ That book ( lie) __________ on the table for weeks. You (not read) ____ it yet ? 9/ He (not be) ___________ here since Christmas; I wonder where he (live) __________ since then. 10/ He (lose) ______ his books. He (look) ________ for them all afternoon, but they (not turn up) _________yet. 11/ She (work) ___________ so hard this week that she (not have) ___________ time to go to the cinema. 12/ Your hair is wet. (You swim) __________ for a long time ? 13/ Bill is still a bad driver although he (drive)__________ cars for six years. 14/ You look very tired. (You work) __________very hard ? 15/ The phone (ring) __________ for 2 minutes, but I (not answer) ________ it yet. Exercise IV : Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses. 1/ I (be) __________ sorry I (forget) __________ that fellow’s name already. 2/ Jack (look) __________ forward to his vacation next June. 3/ I (have) __________ no trouble with my English lessons up to now. 4/ Mr. and Mrs. Brown (be) ___________ in New York for 2 months. 5/ Michael (work) __________ 38 hours a week. 6/ At present, that author (write) ___________ a novel. 7/ George (do) __________ good work in this class so far. 8/ The weather( generally, get) __________ hot in July . 9/ You must wake her up. She (sleep) __________soundly for 10 hours. 10/ Listen! I (think) __________ someone (knock) __________ at the front door. 11/ How long (you learn) __________ English? 12/ That student (know) __________ all the n ew words very well now.
13/ Alice (lose) __________ her Vietnamese-English dictionary. 14/ Fred (just, graduate) __________ from Oxford University. 15/ The earth (circle) __________ the sun once every 365 days. 16/ That grandfather clock (stand) ________ there for as long as I can remember. 17/ That brown briefcase (belong) __________ to Dr. Rice. 18/ Jim (work) __________ on his report this year. 19/ Robert (wait) __________ for you since noon. 20/ That museum (stand) ___________ here for centuries. 21/ The sun (get) __________ very hot during the afternoon. 22/ Tom (buy) ___________ a new car next week. 23/ The boys and girls (go) ___________ home after this lesson. 24/ Davis (play) __________ football every afternoon. 25/ Up to the present, we (write) __________ almost every lesson in this book. * 4. SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE PAST VÀ THÌ PAST CONTINUOUS + Thì Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động ngắn (thình lình) xảy ra trong quá khứ. - I met him in the street yesterday. (Hôm qua tôi gặp hắn ta ở trên đường) + Thì Past Continuous (Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động kéo dài trong quá khứ tương ứng với một hành động khác cũng trong quá khứ. - I met him while he was crossing the street. (Tôi đã gặp hắn ta khi hắn ta đang băng qua đường) - She was going home when she saw an accident. (Cô ấy đang về nhà thì cô ấy nhìn thấy một tai nạn) + Thì Past Continuous còn diễn tả một hành động kéo dài tại điểm thời gian xác định ở quá khứ hoặc hai hành động liên tiếp song song với nhau. - My father was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night. (Vào lúc 8 giờ tối qua ba tôi đang xem TV.) - I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV. (Tôi đang làm bài tập trong khi ba tôi đang xem TV.) Exercise V : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense. 1/ He (sit) __________ in a bar when I (see) __________ him. 2/ When I (go) __________ out, the sun (shine) __________. 3/ The light (go) __________ out while I (have) __________ tea. 4/ When it (rain) __________ , she(carry) __________ an umbrella. 5/ We (walk) __________ to the station when it (begin) __________ to rain. 6/ He (teach) _______ English for 2 months when he (live)______ in Germany and (work) _______ as a journ alist 7/ The house (burn) ________ fast, so we (break) ________ the window to get out. 8/ He (eat) __________ three sandwiches while you (talk) __________ to him. 9/ The servant (drop) _______ two cups while she (wash up) ______ last night; neither of them (break)_______ 10/ While he (write) __________ a letter, the telephone (ring) __________; as he (go) __________ to answer it, he (hear) __________ a knock on the door; the telephone (still, ring) __________ while he (walk) __________ to the door, but just as he (open) __________ it, it (stop) __________. * 5. SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE PAST VÀ THÌ PAST PERFECT + Thì Past Perfect (Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành) dùng để chỉ một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác cũng trong quá khứ (past action). - When he had finished his work, he went home. (Khi đã làm xong việc, nó trở về nhà) -By the time I arrived at the station, the train had gone. (Vào lúc tôi đến nhà ga thì xe lửa đã chạy rồi) + Thì Past Perfect còn diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một điểm thời gian xác định ở quá khứ. - By 10 o’clock last night, I had gone to bed. (Tôi đã lên giường ngủ trước 10 giờ tối qua.) Exercise VI : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect tense. 1/ They (go) __________ home after they (finish) __________ their work. 2/ He (do) _________ nothing before he (see) ___________ me. 3/ He (thank) __________ me for what I (do) __________ for him. 4/ I (be) __________ sorry that I (hurt) __________ him. 5/ After they (go) __________ , I (sit) __________ down and (rest) __________. 6/ When I (arrive)___________, the dinner (already, begin) ______________. 7/ My friend (not see) _______ me for many years when I (meet) _____ last week. 8/ He (learn) __________ English before he (leave) __________ for England. 9/ In England, he soon (remember) __________ all he (learn) __________. 10/ They (tell) __________ him they (not meet) __________ him before. 11/ He (ask) __________ why we (come) __________ so early. 12/ She (say) __________ that she (already, see) ___________ Dr. Rice. 13/ By the time Bill (get) __________ there, the meeting (start) __________. 14/ When we (arrive) __________ at our place, we (find) __________ that a burglar (break) ____________ in.
15/ Almost everybody (leave) _______ for home by the time we (arrive) _______. * 6. SO SÁNH THÌ PAST PERFECT VÀ THÌ PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Past Perfect Continuous (Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn) dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động trước khi một hành động quá khứ khác xảy ra. Hãy so sánh : - She had been studying English before she came here for classes. (Cô ấy đã liên tục học tiếng Anh trước khi đến đây học). - She had studied English before she came for classes. (Cô ấy đã học tiếng Anh trước khi đến đây học). Và hãy so sánh : - It had been raining when I got up this morning. (Mưa đã dứt khi tôi thức dậy.) - It was raining when I got up this morning. (Mưa vẫn còn khi tôi thức dậy.) Exercise VII : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect continuous tense. 1/ I (ask) _________ him what he (do) __________. 2/ Tom (be) _________ tired. He (run) __________ for an hour. 3/ Although he (go) __________ to the doctor for 6 months, he (not, feel) __________ any better. 4/ The telephone (ring) _______ for 5 minutes before it (be) _________ answered. 5/ They (tell) __________ me you (live) __________ in London before the war. 6/ The poor man (wait) __________ for 6 hours before he (be) __________ brought into the room. 7/ By noon that day, we (drive) __________ for 5 hours. 8/ The robber who (watch) __ him running to the tree (sit) __down under its branches and (begin) ___to attack him. 9/ I (ask) _______ her what she (do) _____ since she (arrive) _______ in England. 10/ She (tell) __________ me that she (study) __________ English literature. * 7. SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE FUTURE VÀ THÌ FUTURE CONTINUOUS + Thì Simple Future (Tương Lai Đơn) diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra (có hoặc không có thời gian xác định ở tương lai); còn thì Future Continuous (Tương Lai Tiếp Diễn) diễn tả một hành động liên tiến tại điểm thời gian xác định ở tương lai. - He will go to the stadium next Sunday. (Chủ nhật tới tôi sẽ đến sân vận động) - We will / shall have the final test. (Chúng tôi sẽ làm kiểm tra cuối cùng.) Hãy so sánh : - I will eat breakfast at 6 o’clock tomorrow. (Vào lúc 6 giờ sáng mai, tôi sẽ (bắt đầu) dùng bữa điểm tâm.) - I will be eating breakfast at 6 o’clock tomorrow. (Vào lúc 6 giờ sáng mai, tôi sẽ đang dùng bữa điểm tâm.) + Trong các mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ thời gian (adverb clause of time) hay mệnh đề điều kiện (adverb clause of condit ion), thì Simple Present được dùng để thay thế cho thì Simple Future. - I shall not go until I see him. (Tôi sẽ không đi cho tới khi nào tôi nhìn thấy nó.) - If he comes tomorrow, he will do it. (Nếu ngày mai nó đến, nó sẽ làm điều đó.) + Chú ý : WILL còn được dùng cho tất cả các ngôi. Exercise VIII : Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present or the simple future tense. 1/ We (go) __________ out when the rain (stop) __________. 2/ I (stay) _________ here until he (answer) __________ me. 3/ Wait until I (catch) __________ you. 4/ I (be) _________ ready before you (count) _________ ten. 5/ John must eat his breakfast before he (go) __________ out. 6/ Miss Helen (help) __________ you as soon as she (finish) ________ that letter. 7/ He (tell) _________ you when you (get) __________ there. 8/ She (not come) __________ until you (be) _________ ready. 9/ He (tell) __________ you when you (ask) __________ him. 10/ I (come) _______ and (see) ________ you before I (leave) _____ for England. * 8. SO SÁNH THÌ FUTURE PERFECT VÀ THÌ FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Future Perfect (Tương Lai Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ một hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong tương lai hay một điểm thời gian ở tương lai. - The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing.(Chiếc taxi sẽ đến trước khi bạn thay xong quần áo.) - By next Christmas, he will have lived in Dalat for 5 years. (Đến mùa Giáng sinh này, ông ấy sẽ sống ở Dalat được 5 năm.) + Để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động, chúng ta dùng thì Future Perfect Continuous (Tương Lai Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn). - By the time you receive this letter, we shall have been travelling through Russia. (Lúc bạn được bức thư này, chúng tôi sẽ đi băng qua nước Nga. - By next June, they will have been working in this factory for 12 years. (Đến tháng sáu này, tôi làm việc liên tục ở nhà máy này được 12 năm.) Exercise IX : Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present, simple future, present perfect or future perfect tense. 1/ I’ll wait until he (write) __________ his next novel.
2/ When you (come) _________ back, he (already buy) __________ a new house. 3/ Don’t come until I (finish) _________ lunch. 4/ I (hope) _________ it (stop) __________ raining by 5 o’clock this afternoon. 5/ The river (not begin)_________ to rise until some rain (fall)__________. 6/ I (stay) __________ here until you (finish) _________ your work. 7/ By next month, I (leave) _________ for India. 8/ He (finish) _________ his work before you (leave) __________. 9/ Before you (go) __________, they (leave) __________ the country. 10/ The meeting (finish) _________ by the time we (get) _________ there. Exercise X : Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present, simple future, future continuous or future perfect tense. 1/ We (send) ________ you a telegram as soon as we (arrive) _______ in London. 2/ When George (come) _______ this afternoon, he (bring) _________ his friends. 3/ I (speak) _________ to you about that matter after the meeting tonight. 4/ By the time you (receive) __________ this letter, we (cross) __________ the Atlantic Ocean. 5/ By this time next week, you (meet) __________ my boyfriend, Ali. 6/ I (wait) _______ for you right here when you (come) ______ out of the building. 7/ She (wait) __________ for you at 5 o’clock this afternoon. 8/ I (give) __________ it back as soon as he (want) __________ it. 9/ I (not move) __________ from here until you (get) __________ back. 10/ They (not come) __________ home until they (see) __________ everything. Exercise XI : Supply the correct tense. 1/ They (just decide) __________ that they (undertake) ___________ the job. 2/ We (go) ___________ to the theatre last night. 3/ He usually (write) __________ in green ink. 4/ She (play) _________ the piano when our guests (arrive) _________ last night. 5/ We (do) __________ an English exercise at the moment. 6/ She (just come) __________ in and (see) __________ you in 5 minutes. 7/ I (come) _________ as soon as my work is finished. (You be) ________ ready ? 8/ Where (you go) __________ for your holiday last year ? 9/ I (not leave) ________ Paris since we (go) _______ to Dieppe three years ago. 10/ My mother (come) __________ to stay with us next weekend. 11/ We (meet) __________ only yesterday and (already decide) __________ to get married. 12/ I (never see) __________ snow. 13/ Violets (bloom) __________ in spring. 14/ We (not live) ___________ in England for the last two months. 15/ I (lose) ________ my keys; I cannot remember where I last (see) ______ them. 16/ He (not arrive) __________ when I (write) __________ my last letter to you. 17/ Whenever you (go) _________ to town nowadays, you (spend) _________ a lot of money. 18/ I (never forget) __________ what you (just tell) __________ me. 19/ They (prepare) __________ the Christmas dinner today. 20/ When I last (stay) ___ in Cairo, I (ride) __to the Pyramids on a camel that my friend (borrow) ___ the day before. 21/ I (finish) ___________ the book before my next birthday. 22/ “Hello! (You make) __________ a cake ? 23/ He (walk) __________ very quickly when I (meet) __________ him yesterday. 24/ We (meet) _________ you tomorrow after you (finish) __________ your work. 25/ Yesterday I (buy) ________ a new watch as my old one (be) _________ stolen. Exercise XII : Supply the correct tense. 1/ He said he (be) __________ sorry he (give) __________ me so much trouble. 2/ I am sorry that I (not know) _____you (leave) _____ your pipe when you (come) _____ to see me last Thursday. 3/ He (be) ___ so good to me when I was a boy that to this day I (not forget) ___his kindness, and I hope that I (never forget) ____ 4/ He (sleep) _____ and (not understand) ____ what you (say) ___ to him. He (wake) ____if you (speak) ____louder. 5/ Some animals (not eat) ___________ during the winter and only (come) __________ out in spring. 6/ After leaving school he (study) __________ French in Paris for two years and then (move) __________ to America, where he now (live) _________. He (visit) __________ England once or twice and (know) __________ Eng lish well; but (not have) __________ yet the opportunity of visiting European countries. 7/ I (know) __________ him for a very long time. 8/ When my friend Tom grows a beard, even his closest friends (not recognize) _________ him. 9/ When I (meet) _________ him in the street, he (go) __________ to the pictures. 10/ I (study) _________ English for six years now. 11/ I expect he (leave) __________ for France as soon as he (get) _______ a visa. 12/ He (visit) ______ his friend yesterday and (find) ______ that he (be) ____ out.
13/ They (sell) _________ all th e dresses before we (get) __________ there. 14/ After she (work) __________ at the hospital for two years, she (decide) __________ to give up th e job. 15/ He will come at once because I (tell) ________him by phone that you (need) __________ him urgently. I’m sure he (find) __________ his way easily although he (never visit) __________ this house before. 16/ By the time you get back, I (finish) _____ all my correspondence and then I (can help) ________you with yours. 17/ In a few minutes’ time, when the clock (strike) __________ six, I (wait) __________ here for an hour. 18/ He (know) ______ her a long time before he finally (get) _____ married to her. 19/ I hope it (not rain) __________ when the bride (leave) __________ the church. 20/ I (tell) a lie if I said that I (like) __________ you. 21/ They (intend) _____ to go there next week; but now they (find) ____ they (not have) _____ enough money. 22/ When he grew old he often (think) _____ of all the things he (do) ______ when he (be) _____ youn g. 23/ When we (go) ____ to see them last night, they (play) __ cards; they (say) ___ they (play) ____ since six o’clock. 24/ This is the second time you (break) __________ a cup; you (break) __________ one yesterday. My last servant (never break)____________ anything, and you (break) ___________ nearly half the things in the house. 25/ I always (tell) ___________ you to comb your hair, but you never (do) ___________ what I (say) ___________ . 26/ Last night I (go) ____________ to a party. When I (get) ___________, the room (be) ____________ full of people. Some of them (dance) _____________ and others (talk) ____________. One young woman (stand) ____________ by herself. I (never, meet) ___________ her, so I (introduce) ____________ myself to h er. 27/ John is in English class. He (study) ____________ English this semester. He (also, take) ____________ some other classes. His Classes (begin) ____________ at 9 o’clock every day. 28/ I (see) _______ you in the school play last night. You (do) _______ a terrific a cting job. (you ever act) _________ in a play before this one? -Yes, I (start) _________ acting when I was in elementary school. 29/ Yesterday I (go) ___________ to my daughter’s dance recital. I (be never) ___________ to a dance recital before. I (take, not) ___________ dancing lessons when I (be) ___________ a child. 30/ When I (hear) _______ a knock at the door last night, I (walk) ___________ to the door and (open ) ____________it. When I (open) _________the door, I (see) ________my brother. I (greet) ________ him and (ask) _______ him to come _______ in. Reported Speech I . Complete the following sentences by changing direct speech into indirect speech. A . commands and requests . 1. “Bring me a book”, he said to me. ................................................................ 2. He said to me, “Don’t come back before one o’clock”. ................................................................ 3. “Have a cup of tea”, he said to her. ................................................................ 4. Mother said to me, “Don’t forget to lock the door”. ................................................................ 5. “Open the window”, Mother said to him. ................................................................ 6. She said to me, “Don’t put your shoes on the chair”. ................................................................ 7. “Come to the cinema with me”, he said to her. ................................................................ 8. My grandmother said to me, “Don’t spend all your money on food”. ................................................................ 9. “Shut the door after you”, father said to us. ................................................................ 10. Her father said to her, “Don’t drive to fast”. ................................................................ 11. “Cook in the butter”, Mrs. Brow said to her daughter. ................................................................ 12. I said to her, “Don’t be a baby”.
................................................................ B. Statements. 1. Mary said, “I like oranges better than bananas”. ................................................................ 2. He said, “ We have finished our work”. ................................................................ 3. The secretary said, “I will answer the phone”. ................................................................ 4. The boy said, “I can’t do it”. ................................................................ 5. She said, “I’m going away tomorrow”. ................................................................ 6. Jack Lumber said, “Olyga Ivanov won the gold medal yesterday”. ................................................................ 7. Father said, “I’m coming back next week”. ................................................................ 8. He said, “We are having champagne now”. ................................................................ 9. She said to me, “You have got my umbrella”. ................................................................ 10. I said to her, “I have something to show you”. ................................................................ 11. She said to him, “You haven’t given me a book”. ................................................................ 12. He said to me, “You can keep that one if you like”. ................................................................ 13. Tom said to me, “You will receive a letter from her”. ................................................................ 14. He said, “I’ll be here again tomorrow”. ................................................................ 15. We said to them, “Your houses are very nice”. ................................................................ 16. He said to them, “He’s lived here for 4 years”. ................................................................ 17. Tom said to John, “I can’t go to the movie with you tomorrow”. ................................................................ 18. “I saw you this morning”, he said. ................................................................ 19. “I don’t like this film”, Betty said to Bill. ................................................................ 20. “I saw John yesterday but he didn’t see me”, Tom said. ................................................................ 21. She said to his mother, “I haven’t seen him since I came here”. ................................................................ 22. Mary said, “I usually get up earlier than you do”. ................................................................ 23. Miss Lissa said, “I catch the bus near my house, Lan”. ................................................................ 24. Lan said, “I came to see you yesterday, Lien”. ................................................................ 25. He said to his girlfriend, “I will wait here until I see you”. ................................................................
C. Yes – No Questions. 1. She asked him, “Have you read this book?” ................................................................ 2. “Did you know them, Tom?” she asked. ................................................................ 3. “Are there any letter for me?” Mary said to me. ................................................................ 4. I asked, “Do you want tea or coffee, Tom?” ................................................................ 5. “Do you know which cup you used?” she asked her son. ................................................................ 6. “Will you go on a trip with me, Maria?” he said. ................................................................ 7. He said, “Have you got a sister?” ................................................................ 8. “Will you have time to read this letter?” he asked his student. ................................................................ 9. “Can you get coffee on the train?” asked my aunt. ................................................................ 10. “Did you play for our school team?” said Bill. ................................................................ 11. “Are you a student?” Nam asked Lien. ................................................................ 12. “Have you seen the library?” asked Ann. ................................................................ D. WH – Questions. 1. The policeman said, “What is the matter?” ................................................................ 2. My sister said, “Why are you so said?” ................................................................ 3. She said to me, “Where have you put my shoes?” ................................................................ 4. He said to her, “Where are you going?” ................................................................ 5. He said to me, “When will you come again?” ................................................................ 6. “When did you put my hat?” Mary asked him. ................................................................ 7. “How well did you sister speak English?” the manager asked her. ................................................................ 8. “Who did you go to the cinema with?” mother asked me. ................................................................ 9. He asked her “when do you leave this place?” ................................................................ 10. She said,“How do you go to the circus?” ................................................................ 11. “How many classes are there in your school?” my mother asked. ................................................................ 12. Bill said to me, “Where will you go tomorrow?” ................................................................ 13. John said, “When will the teacher come back?” ................................................................
14. The traveler asked, “How long does it take to get to London?” ................................................................ 15. He asked me, “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?” ................................................................ 16. “Whose car did you borrow last night?” I said to him. ................................................................ 17. “Where was you last night, Mr. Jones” he said. ................................................................ 18. “What country do you come from?” said Bill. ................................................................ 19. “Who did you give the money to?” my mother asked. ................................................................ 20. “What is your name?” he asked me. ................................................................ 21. “What time is it?” she asked Nam. ................................................................ 22. “Where are you now?” she asked me. ................................................................ 23. “Who did you see here yesterday, Boy?” said Mr. Brown. ................................................................ 24. “How long have you learnt English?” he asked me. ................................................................ 25. “What is your address?” Nam asked Lien. ................................................................ Conditional Sentences I. Make conditional sentences according to the facts provided: 1. I’ll meet him tomorrow. I’ll tell him about that. ............................................................................ 2. He will give a present on my birthday next week. I’ll thank him ............................................................................ 3. Today is not Sunday. We have to get up early. ............................................................................ 4. My younger sister isn’t old enough. That why she can’t go to school by herself. ............................................................................ 5. Tom failed the exams because he didn’t work hard enough last year. ............................................................................ 6. I didn’t know how to do the exercise because I was absent from class yesterday. ............................................................................ 7. She didn’t come because she didn’t know you were here. ............................................................................ 8. The teacher doesn’t accept our papers. We turn in them late. ............................................................................ 9. Today is not Sunday. We can’t go to the beach. ............................................................................ 10. Because Rose did so poorly on the exam. She failed it. ............................................................................ 11. My dog wakes me up whenever he hears strange noises. ............................................................................ 12. I don’t like this shirt. I don’t buy it. ............................................................................ 13. We didn’t know you were there. We didn’t write to you. ............................................................................ 14. She doesn’t go to work, so she feels bored with staying home. ............................................................................ 15. He makes some progress in learning English because he attends class regularly.
............................................................................ 16. WE didn’t find him early. We couldn’t save his life. ............................................................................ 17. You must go now or you will be late for school. ............................................................................ 18. They didn’t have a map, so they got lost. ............................................................................ 19. Nam won’t be successful unless he works hard. ............................................................................ 20. Peter failed the exam because he was lazy. ............................................................................ 21. The house didn’t burn down because the fire brigade came at once. ............................................................................ 22. She didn’t know they were out of work, so she didn’t help them. ............................................................................ 23. He didn’t say “hello” to her this morning because he didn’t help her. ............................................................................ 24. The weather is bad, so they can’t go for a walk. ............................................................................ 25. She can’t do this exercise because it is difficult. ............................................................................ 26. I can’t buy this new car because I have not enough money. ............................................................................ 27. Unless he gets up early, he will miss the train. ............................................................................ 28. Hurry up or you will be late. ............................................................................ 29. You can’t come late, or they won’t let you in. ............................................................................ 30. I haven’t a typewriter. I won’t type the letters. ............................................................................ 31. It rained heavily yesterday afternoon. The football match was cancelled. ............................................................................ 32. The accident happened because the driver was careless. ............................................................................ 33. They didn’t write to him, so he didn’t come. ............................................................................ 34. You didn’t do as I told you, you didn’t succeed. ............................................................................ 35. I didn’t see the movie last night. I can’t tell you about it. ............................................................................ 36. I didn’t attend the party last night. I’m tired now. ............................................................................ 37. Give me the money or I’ll kill you. ............................................................................ 38. I didn’t see the red traffic lights. I didn’t stop. ............................................................................ 39. Today is not Sunday. I can’t go out. ............................................................................ 40. He gets a bed cough because he starts smoking cigarettes. ............................................................................ 41. He doesn’t hurry, so he will miss the train. ............................................................................ 42. My husband doesn’t leave the car keys, so I can’t pick him up at the st ation. ............................................................................ 43. We don’t go because it will rain. ............................................................................ 44. Susan will feel sick. She eats four cream cakes. ............................................................................ 45. They don’t find out the remedy. The patient will die. ............................................................................ 46. Mr. Mill will lose his job because he is late everyday. ............................................................................ 47. John is fat because he eats so many chips. ............................................................................
48. Elizabeth will get a bad cough because she smokes so many cigarettes. ............................................................................ 49. She has a sore throat. She doesn’t stop smoke. ............................................................................ 50. She still has a cold after three weeks. She doesn’t go to the doctor’s in the first place. ............................................................................ 51. She is ill. She doesn’t remember your advice. ............................................................................ 52. I didn’t get a taxi because I didn’t have any money on me. ............................................................................ 53. The patient didn’t get the treatment, so he died. ............................................................................ 54. Mary didn’t wear the raincoat. She got a cold. ............................................................................ 55. People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly. ............................................................................ 56. She didn’t eat anything because she wasn’t hungry. ............................................................................ 57. I don’t know her number. I can’t phone her. ............................................................................ 58. I was able to buy the house because Jim lent me the money. ............................................................................ 59. Yesterday wasn’t a nice day. Our picnic was put off. ............................................................................ 60. That man didn’t enjoy his work because he was underpaid. ............................................................................ 61. There isn’t enough water in the land. Rice plants don’t grow well. ............................................................................ 62. You are not in good health, so you can’t take that labor-consuming job. ............................................................................ 63. They often have quarrels because they never try to understand each other. ............................................................................ 64. I don’t have much money, you can’t borrow some from me. ............................................................................ 65. She is too busy with her housework. She doesn’t have time to learn a career ............................................................................