A bubble-enhanced quadrilateral finite element for estimation bearing capacity factors of strip footing

In this paper, a computational approach using a combination of the upper bound theorem and the bubbleenhanced quadrilateral finite element (FEM-Qi6) is proposed to evaluate bearing capacity factors of strip footing in cohesive-frictional soil. The new element is built based on the quadrilateral element (Q4) by adding a pair of internal nodes to solve the volumetric locking phenomenon.