A contrastive study on semantic formulas of refusals to invitations by native speakers of American English and Vietnamese in terms of gender

Refusals are speech acts occurring in our daily lives. In fact, choosing an appropriate strategy that is clever and effective is not simple because of many different factors including culture, gender, social status etc. This study aims to investigate gender and its effects on choosing the preferred strategies used by native speakers of American English and Vietnamese to refuse an invitation.