All-cellulose functional membranes for water treatment: Adsorption of metal ions and catalytic decolorization of dyes

In this study, we present a facile, one-step method for the manufacturing of all-cellulose, layered membranes containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-mediated oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TO-CNF), or zwitterionic polymer grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNC-gPCysMA) as functional entities in combination with cellulose fibers and commercial grade microfibrillated cellulose.