Ameliorative role of β-estradiol against lead-induced oxidative stress and genotoxic damage in germinating wheat seedlings

In the present study, to determine the effects of β-estradiol on the ability of plants to tolerate lead toxicity, β-estradiol (10 µM) and lead (1.75 mM), singly or in combination, were exogenously applied to wheat seeds. Although lead resulted in a marked increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase.