Bl/dC DAU GIANG DAY GIAO TRJNH "CO s d V A N H O A VIET NAM"^<br />
CHO SINH VIEN HIEN NAY<br />
<br />
U Thi Tuyet Hgnh<br />
Bg mon Ngdn ngfr va Van hoa Vict Nam<br />
Truimg DHNN - DHQG Ha Ngi<br />
I. Phan md dau<br />
Xuit phit tir nban Ihirc vd vai Ird eiia van boa d nude ta nbiing nam gin day dirge ning<br />
len dung vdi gii trj dfch thuc ciia no, dap img nhu cau cip bich trong viee giio due cho thanh<br />
nien hgc sinh vd gia trj eiia van hoi dan toe va di san van hoi Viet Nam, ning cao long tir bio<br />
din tdc va y tbii'c bao ve van hoi, giio trinh eo sd van hoi Viet Nirni - NXBGD-1997 do giio su<br />
Trin Qude Vugng ehii bien ciing nhdm bien soan gdm eac tie gia thude bg mdn Van boa - Dai<br />
hgc Qude gia Ha Ngi - ra ddi nhim phue vu ddi hoi trude mat vd mot giio trinh dai hgc ehi'nb<br />
quy cho viee hgc tap ciia sinh vien, hgc sinh.<br />
Song eung chinb vi la sir dap img nhu cau tmdc mil, nhim phue vu tufe Ihdi va kjp thdi<br />
nhiem vu hgc tap va giang day bg mdn bien nay, va eung la lin diu lien bien soan, giio trinh<br />
khdng trinh khdi nhung dieu khiem khuyei va bit eiip. Viee thilm nhap va Ihfeb img giio trinh<br />
trong tinh hinh bien nay vao vice giang day cho sinh vien d ttmg tnrimg eii thd la mdt nhiem vu<br />
dat ra cho cie giio vien giiing day bg mdn van boa d eac trudng dai hge, cao dang, ddi hoi sir<br />
gia cdng, sang tao, nang dgng vii tfch cue ciia nhfmg ngirdi vira him edng tie giang day true tidp,<br />
vira phai eo trinh do nghien cim chuycn sau.<br />
II. Phan ngi dung<br />
1. PliKong phdp I hung<br />
1.1. Hudng diin sinh vien tidp can giio trinh va tai lieu tham khao<br />
Diy la mdt giao trinh eo tfnh chat dai eutmg va chua that sir mang tfnb giio kboa vdi he<br />
thdng kidn thu'c ehuin mire xac dinh. Do tap hi.tp, chinh ly tir nhieu bai viei eiia cie tie gia kie<br />
nhau, vd timg van dd eii the khiie nhau, nen giio trinh eung chua ed mdt phong each nbat quin<br />
chung. d phin khai niem chung, lai chua cd nhfmg djnh nghia khai niem chinb xac ma thirdng<br />
dimg lai d sir ddi sinh giira eac y kicn khac nhau (VD: khiii niem van boa ''', hoilc direic neu ra<br />
chen lin trong sir bien minh, giai thfch (khai niem dan xen van boa "', dan xcn cirdng hire va tir<br />
nguyen)**' tham ehf ed khai niem dugc dua ra trong de miie nhung khdng cd trong neii dung eu<br />
the eiia giio trinh (khai niem van boa hex'"''). Mat khac, trong nhfmg van dd ed tfnb chit eii thd<br />
(khdng gian, thdi gian van boa Viet Nam"") lai dugc vidt Iheo phong each nghe thuat, veiri rit<br />
nhidu nhung tir ngfr giiu hinh iinh eu the nhung thieu sir chinb xie, kbe:>a htie nhu "duimg nhu",<br />
"cam thiy", "ed cam giae", "phai chang", "cd the", "hay la", ddng theti cfing rit tbidu su qua<br />
quydt, xie tfn, tfnh khing djnh eiia nhfmg kidn tbire giio kboa. Vi vay, nhfmg kidn thire nay chi<br />
dugc eoi nhu nhfmg Ihiun khiio, ge;i y, mdt phuong an gia thidt cho sir tim Idi ciia ngirdi dgc ma<br />
chua phai la phuong an duy nbat; each cat nghia, djnh hudng chuan muc deli vdi hge sinh, sinh<br />
vien nhu nhfmg giio trinh khiic.<br />
Dd eung chinh la ehd can Ihiet phai cd sir tham gia vdi tu each "may Igc" eiia ngudi giang<br />
day, la khoang trong mil ngiriri buc'tng dan sinh vien phai lap diy, eld giiip hgc sinh ed thd phit<br />
buy vai trd chii thd tidp nhiln ciia minh.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
140<br />
Dd hudng din sinh vien tham nhiip giao Irtnh, giao vien khdng chi yeu cau sinh vien dgc<br />
tnrde, ma edn phai dinh hin'mg cho bg bing he thdng can hoi phit van cii thd hudng vao nhung<br />
vin dd then ehd't ciia bid giang. Ddng theti ban than giao vien phiii ed sir ehuin bi tdng ket giao<br />
trtnh tren eo sd udn nin lai nhfmg nban tbire chii quan, tan man cua sinh vien, dua ra nhfmg<br />
khii niem chfnh xac ed tfnb qui dinh cho hgc sinh, giiip hg cd mdt chuan mire chung vd kidn<br />
thiJc ly thuydt. Mat khac liii phai ehuin bj nhung vf du sinh ddng, eu thd trong thuc td cudc sdng<br />
hoac eac tai lieu ed lien quan dd dem gian boa nhung vin dd ly thuydt khd khan, trim tirgng,<br />
giiip hge sinh dd hidu, dd tidp thu.<br />
He thdng ciu bed phit vin thd bien trinh do nban thire, tu duy khai quit, tdng hgp va<br />
nang lue sing tao, nbay ben ciia giao vien trude giao trinh mdt each rd rang nbit va eung la<br />
phuong tien giio vien thuc bien bai giang mdt each cd hieu qua nbit.<br />
2.1. Hudng din hgc sinh, sinh vien thiio luiin:<br />
Phit buy vai lid chii Ihd ciia sinh vien hgc sinh khdng thd khdng thdng qua viee giip cho<br />
hg ed didu kien bde Id chfnh kidn, nban tbire eiia minh. Dd la lac td giiip cho hg ed nidm say<br />
me, himg thii trong nhan tbire, trong sir lam giau tri thu'c eiia minh. Dd eung la eo sd dd giio<br />
vien phit bien, udn niin kjp thdi nhfmg nban thire sai lac; bidu ducmg, khuydn khicb, ciing cd<br />
them nhirng nban tbire dung din, nhung phit bien tinh td va sing tao eiia hge sinh. Va dd ciing<br />
la ngudn tu lieu sdng khdng voi am giiip giio vien lam giau them kidn thire ciia chinh minh.<br />
Di hudng din viee thao luan cua sinh vien cd hieu qua, giao vien cin ehuin bj td't bai<br />
khiu: neu trude he thdng cau hoi phai van ed djnh hudng ciia minh va he thdng kidn thu'c ehuin<br />
dd tmng boa, tdng ket eac y kidn tan man eiia hgc sinh. Phai ed each din ehuong trinh, knb<br />
boat, ly thii, ddng vien te'ii da su tham gia ciia tat cii eac sinh vien - ca vd so lugng lin chit I;<br />
lugng - vao viee tidp nban van dd trong bai giang.<br />
2. Phuong phap cu the g i n viri eac chuimg muc ngi dung ciia giao trinh<br />
2.1. Giang day chifoiig "NliUng khdi idem cohdn"<br />
Giao trtnh khdng dua ra mot dinh nghTa chfnh xie, cd trtnh giao kboa nen ehfnb giao vien<br />
phai phin tich su gidng va khac nhau giira cie djnh nghTa dugc din ra va hudng cho hgc sinh di<br />
ddn mdt cicb hidu chung, mdt djnh nghTa thei'ng nbit. Ngay ca djnh nghTa theo UNESCO eung<br />
chi la mdt chi din, mdt hire5ng tham khiio. Giao vien can nit ra tu tirdng chinh, cot Idi dd dung<br />
nen mdt ndi dung djnh nghia gian di, id rimg, sang siia cd tfnh chit kim chi n;un cho sinh vien<br />
sir dung nhit quin trong ca qua trtnh hgc tap bg mdn, soi sang cho eac ngi dung khac trong<br />
ehuong trtnh hgc. Neu ngay tir khai niem sd ingi niiy dii ed sir nhap nhing, lin Idn thi sinh vien<br />
tidp tuc mil md, lin Idn ddi veti tat ca eac van dd khac vii khdng Ihd the)at ra khdi sir rie rdi, u<br />
minh dd dd chidm ITnh kidn thire mgl each tu tinh, diing elan; khdng sai lac.<br />
Oing phai xuit phit tir khii niem eo ban then ehd't nay dd giai thfch va phan tfch cie khai<br />
niem khac trong ehuong trtnh, chi ra mdi quan he mat thidt va ly do ton tai eiia ehiing. Ndu<br />
khdng, hge sinh se khdng hidu lai sao trong nhfmg khai niem ca ban ciia van hoi hge lai ndi<br />
ddn vin dd mdi trudng tu nhien va mdi titrimg xa hdi, tidp xiic vii giao luu van boa... va khdng<br />
cd dugc mdt cii nhin he thc'mg ddi vdi giao trtnh cQng nhu kidn tbii'c vd mdn hge.<br />
COng cin phai liim rd sir khac bict gifra bai thuat ngfr "tidp xiie" va "giao km" va giao<br />
trtnh chi dung chir khdng phiin bict, dinh nghia.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
141<br />
2.2. Chuang "Cac thdnh to ciia van hod"<br />
Su trtnh bay ciia giio trinh eon tbidu mach lac, tach bach giCra khai niem eo sd va ndi<br />
dung eu thd. Do dd, sinh vien se thudng iSm lin hinh thai - md hinh van hoi, thidt ehd van hoi<br />
cQng thude "cie thanh to van boa" ddng thdi lai ngd ngang khdng bidt tai sao no khdng dugc<br />
trtnh bay eu thd trong van hoa Viet Nam. Thuc ra dd chfnh la cie khai niem eo sd dd tim hidu<br />
cie thanh td van boa. Vi vay, cd the cd hai phiremg an dd lam rd van de.<br />
- Hoac day eac khai niem nay Ifin ehuemg I: Cie khai niem eo ban<br />
- Hoac chia cau tnic ehuong trinh 2 phin: "Khai niem eo sd" va "Cie thanh td cua van<br />
hoi Viet Nam" bdi thuc chit day chi la so luge vd eac thanh td ciia mdt ndn van hoi eu thd: van<br />
hoi din tdc Viet Nam chir khdng phai la "Cac thanh td van hoi" ndi chung. Didu nay se giiip<br />
cho giio trinh trd nen hgp ly, nbit quan, dam bam tfnh he thdng, kboa hge hon trong tuong<br />
quan vdi cie ehuong sau: "Didn trinh lich sir ciia van hoi Viet Nam" va "Khdng gian van boa<br />
Viet Nam".<br />
2.3. Chuang "Dien trinh lich sifciia van hod Viet Nam"<br />
Do tfnh chit bien Ihien ciia lich sir eung nhu biin ihan di;ie trimg van boa cua timg giai<br />
doan, nen sir trtnh bay eu thd ciia cac phan ky van hoa cd thd khac nhau. Song cau tnic cua timg<br />
phin phai duge xie djnh theo eac ticu chf gic'mg nhau dd dam bao tfnh he thdng. Didu nay chua<br />
dugc thuc bien mot each nghiem ngfit trong giao trinh. Vi vay, trong qua trtnh truydn dat, giao<br />
vien phai tu chinh ly, sip xep lai va trinlj biiy sao cho hgc sinh cd thd tidp nban dugc tinh than<br />
kboa hge eiia tn thUiC.<br />
d muc I: van boa Viet Nam thdi tidn sir va eo sir, do tfnh sir chua rd rimg, nen khd tich<br />
bach giira 2 phin: bdi canh lich sir vii dac trimg van hoi, cho nSn cd thd trinh bay chung nhu<br />
each giio trinh da lam. Song ci'in nhan manh va lam rd dac tnmg eiia van boa diin tdc d hai giai<br />
doan tidn sir va so sir, dac hiel hi nhfmg Ihimh tiai phit Iridn vuoi bac, phong phii, da dang ciia<br />
ba bg phan van hoii ihdi sa sir so vdi lien sir, nhiii lii van hoa Ddng Scm vii vai trd ciia ndn van<br />
hoa nay trong viee hinh thiinh co tang van hoa Viet Nam ve'ti ban sac rieng ciia nd: van hoi ndng<br />
nghiep liia nude. Do vay, diie trimg van hoa Hoii Binh trong Ihdi sa sir ed mot y nghTa dac biet.<br />
Mdt chi tidt nhd vd viee tim ra va thuan duCmg cay liia d day eung cin cd su td dam va "quay<br />
ehim" lai trude sinh vien dd eac em thiy dugc y nghTa nay.<br />
Muc in - van hoi Viet Nam Ihdi tir chii, la mot giai doan van boa phit tridn nre rd cua<br />
nude nha, nen dac trimg van boa cd nhidu ngi dung phong phii, da dang. Vi the, cac tie giii da<br />
sir dung nhung khai niem thidt ehd van hoa viio viee xac djnh dac trimg van hoa giai doan. Song<br />
ngay d ehd nay, lai tbidu sir lien ket gifra 2 phan: a) Van boa vat chat, b) He tu tui'mg - Bdi he tu<br />
tudng chi la mdt bd phan ciia ihiel chc van hoa tinh Ihiin.<br />
O day can vai lid ciia giao vien irong vice ly giiii sir khac biel, thien lech trong ciu tnic<br />
ciia timg giai doan van hoa niiy dd giiip hoc sinh cd the tidp thu kidn thire mdt cicb be thdng,<br />
trinh sir boang mang, khdng phi'm biet dugc diing, sai.<br />
2.4. Chuang "Khdng gian van hod Viet Nam"<br />
Giio vien can phat buy nang lire tdng hgp, khai quit dd nit ra nhirng luan didm chfnh, cd<br />
vai trd tremg viee khic hoa diic Irimg rieng ciia mdi viing van boa di djnh hire'mg cho hgc sinh<br />
tidp nhin, trinh sir sa da, nhidu loan tnmg nhimg mien lii eu thd vii viin vat.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
142<br />
Qing can km y ddn mdi quan he gifra diic didm lir nhien - xa bdi ve'ti dac tnmg van boa d<br />
mdi vung nhu mdt can eir dd khiic sau nhfmg dac tnmg rieng biet, diic sic ciia nd. Chang ban:<br />
Dac didm tu nhien vi'ji etja hinh niii cao hidm \rb, sdng ngdi nhidu thae ghdnh, dfr ddi... kbf hau<br />
nghieng vd tfnh chat on eldi... vai dac tnmg van hoa an - mac - d va van boa cdng chicng ciia van<br />
hoa Tiy Bde... Dae didm xa hdi ciia Nam bg (khai phi mugn, tidp xiic - giao km s(5m) lai cd<br />
nhung anb hvtbng quydt djnh hon den dac Inmg van boa ciia viing van boa niiy: sir da dang ciia<br />
eu din, td'e do giao luu van hoi manh, tfnb hdn dung Idn giao, sir phat iridn ciia thuimg nghiep<br />
v.v...<br />
III. Phan ket luan<br />
Xuit phat tir thuc lien giiing day, van dung giao trinh "Co sd van hoa Vict Nam" eiia<br />
DHQG trong tfnh cap nbat ciia nd, chiing Idi nil ra mdt viii kinh nghiem birdc diiu trong viee<br />
thim nhap va truydn dat giao trinh chfnh quy eu thd niiy sinh vien. Nhfmg kinh nghiem nay mdi<br />
chi la nbiing ed ging cii thd, lir gde do ca nhan, cd Ihd chua phai la each lam chung cho nliidu<br />
ngudi, song ciing xin manh dan trinh biiy, metng diretc sir chia se phin nao d cac ddng nghiep va<br />
giiip feh cho ehfnb minh trong qua trinh giiing day.<br />
Vdi dac thii rieng ciia bg mdn giao trinh Irong thuc id bien nay, Iheo Ihien y ciia chimg<br />
tdi, cd hai didu dac biel quan Irgng ddi vdi ngireti giao vien khi sir dung giao irinb nay:<br />
1. Phat buy vai Ird chii Ihd hgc sinh biing vice huemg dan cd dinh bue'mg cho hge sinh dgc<br />
va thao luan bai giang, tiep ci^in giao irtnh.<br />
2. Cd phuemg phai) ^y 'he, chinb ly lai can tnic kidn thire d timg ehuong eld truydn dat<br />
diing ndi dung tri thire can Ihiet, tinh giiin, giiip heie sinh di diing dfch va liep nhan dugc phuong<br />
phip he thdng, kboa hgc qua giio trinh nhu ddi hdi tit yeu vdi bit eir bg mdn kboa hgc nao; kjp<br />
thdi bd kbuydt nhirng didu bat cap ciia cud'n giao trinh ra mil lin diu lien eiia mdt bd mdn con<br />
non tre trong ndn giao due Dai hgc ciia la bien nay.<br />
<br />
<br />
Tdi lieu tham khdo<br />
<br />
<br />
1. S6 van hoi Viet Nam - GS. Tri'in Qude Vir
Thêm vào BST
Báo xấu
Download
Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ
