Cẩm nang chăm sóc sức khỏe trẻ nhỏ và trẻ sơ sinh kỷ nguyên 4.0

Chia sẻ: _ _ | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:50

Thêm vào BST

Báo xấu

26
lượt xem 10
download

Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

Cuốn "Cẩm nang chăm sóc sức khỏe trẻ nhỏ và trẻ sơ sinh kỷ nguyên 4.0" là sản phẩm hợp tác giữa Vụ sức khỏe cha mẹ - Trẻ em, Bộ Y tế và Công ty Văn hóa Việt biên soạn dành cho cha mẹ và những người chăm sóc trẻ hiểu biết hơn về nhu cầu của trẻ và cách chăm sóc phù hợp, khoa học cho sự lớn lên, phát triển tối ưu của trẻ.

Chủ đề:

Bình luận(0) Đăng nhập để gửi bình luận!

Lưu

Nội dung Text: Cẩm nang chăm sóc sức khỏe trẻ nhỏ và trẻ sơ sinh kỷ nguyên 4.0

Lời tựa &βWWLόQJNKȳFFKȡRЅϪLEȪEμWЅδXYϨLFXϦFVϞQJЅϦFOκSYȡWLόSWϲF OϨQOȫQWURQJWȭQK\ȫXWKQJYȡVϾFKɀPVȳFFϴDEϞPφQJϪLFKɀP VȳFFȷQJFȢFWKȡQKYLȫQJLDЅȭQK7URQJQKϼQJQɀPЅδXЅϪLYDLWUȲ FϴD QKϼQJ QJϪL Ѕȳ Fȳ ΰQK KϬQJ KόW V϶F TXDQ WUϚQJ ЅόQ VϾ SKȢW WULϐQWKϐFKβWWUȮQȤRFΰP[ȸFJLDRWLόS[ȤKϦLFʜQJQKQKȣQFȢFK NKLWUϬQJWKȡQKȁȳOȡOȻGRYȭVDRFKɀPVȳFQXȴLGϮQJWUψWURQJJLDL ЅRήQQȡ\FδQЅϰFWβWFΰJLDЅȭQKYȡ[ȤKϦLFȷQJFKXQJWD\JȳSV϶F &XϞQFζPQDQJũ%JȿOUȲEUϵEMJϛGVTχUUKPJXȠVTχPJϛMЁPIW[ȪP 4.0”OȡVΰQSKζPKϰSWȢFJLϼD9ϲ6϶FNKϜH%ȡPφ7UψHP%Ϧ
MỤC LỤC Chăm sóc sức khỏe trẻ sơ sinh và trẻ nhỏ kỷ nguyên 4.0 0WȳK FϭPI VTχ VϷ PHẦN III 20 ŢVWϡK /Ϥ65Ϝ$ϒ0*6*Ϩ0))ς2 Ϫ64φ0*Ϛ PHẦN I 21-22 0WȳK FϭPI VTχ VϷ 37Ȇ64ȑ0*.Ϧ0.ȏ08ȅ ŢVWϡK 0JϻPIDKϏWJKϓPVTχ 2*Ȇ664+ώ0%ϲ#64φ .WȺXύFKPJFϭPI 39-40 MJȳPIMJQχJQσEDϗ 23 DϓPJ EJQVTχDϓPJ 3-5 3WȡVTȬPJRJȡVVTKϏP /ϥV Uϝ XαP Єύ VJϩPI VJϏEJαV $%*Ⱦ/5ȗ%64φ0*Ϛ IσRϫVTχVϷVJȡPIVWϡK 6-9 5ϽRJȡVVTKϏPXύVKPJ %JȿO UȲE VTχ U 41-42 -JȲEFέЄύ VJγPXιPЄϥPI 24-26 UKPJ VJȡPIVWϡK /ϥV Uϝ DKϏW JKϓP ϫ -JW[ϋP MJȭEJ UϽ 43 FC VTχ PJϛ XȠ EȡEJ 26-27 RJȡV VTKϏP VKPJ VJγP ZϹVTȭ XιPЄϥPIEJQVTχ %JȿO UȲE XȠ ZϹ VTȭ OϥV Uϝ PHẦN II 28 %JȿOUȲEIKαEPIϳ XαP Єύ VJϩPI IσR ϫ VTχ VJȡPIŢVWϡK 0*Ϻ0)8+ϒ%%β0.ȅ/)+Ȝ2 29-30 %JȿOUȲEFC 64φ-*1φ/ά0* *QϫVTχGOXȠEȡEJ 44-45 31-32 6λOEJQVTχ ZϹVTȭ #07Ș+&Ϭ0)64φ0*Ϛ *ϧPI FηP VTχ VJȲK 5ϝV XȠ EȡEJ ZϹ VTȭ &KPJ FϭPI 46-48 10-11 32 SWGP TϹC VC[ ЄȷPI UϝVϫVTχGO PIȠ[ЄγWЄϩK EȡEJ 6KȪW EJί[ ϫ VTχ GO 11-13 0WȳK FϭPI VTχ VϷ 33 8ϓUKPJTȿPIOKϓPI 48-50 XȠ ZϹ VTȭ VKȪW EJί[ VJȡPIVWϡK VέKPJȠ 34-35 /ȡVZCEJQVTχ 18-19 0WȳKFϭPIVTχVϷ 5σE UϻC ϫ VTχ XȠ 51 VJȡPIVWϡK 36-38 6KȪOEJϳPIEJQVTχ EȡEJZϹVTȭ
3+1, 48751+/º1/19 3+775,1&¯$75 QUÁ TRÌNH PHÁT 75,þ17+þ&+à7 $CEJϕUϝEJȭPJЄϯEUϹFϱPIЄϏ ZȡEЄϗPJXύUϽRJȡVVTKϏPVJϏEJαV NȠEȢPPσPIEJKύWECQXȠXȱPIЄγW EϳCVTχVJGQEȡEOϝEVJϩKIKCP &FFKąVčEQKWKÛĵQJYý WɀQJWKȫPNKRΰQJJ FQQóQJFKLýXFDRYY¢QJ &KLýXGL ¯ãX 7UψPϨLVLQKFȳFKLώXGȡLWUXQJEȭQK FP 7U÷PĖLVLQK 9¢QJ¯ãX &QQóQJ FP9ȲQJЅδXFPKRτF!FP FδQЅϰFWKHRGȵLKϦLFK϶QJЅδXQKϜKRτF 7Uψ PϨL VLQK Fȳ FȣQ QτQJ WUXQJ EȭQK Oȡ QȤRȸQJWKXЂ J Wϸ ţ J
7URQJ WXδQ ЅδX FȳKLϔQWϰQJVϲWFȣQVLQKOȻQKQJNKȴQJ 5CWIKCKЄQέPUUKPJ WKHRGȵLFȢFFKϖVϞ JLΰPTXȢVRYϨLFȣQQτQJNKLЅψVDX FȣQQτQJFKLώXFDRYȡYȲQJЅδXWKHRFȢF ЅȳSKϲFKϠLQKDQKYȡЅόQFXϞLWKȢQJFȳWKϐ WKϪLЅLϐP
%ȢPPσPI FDP JLϼD ЅϪQJ Yȡ
Oȡ YȷQJ FKR 6TχVWϡK&ȣQWKȢQJOδQ EήQELόWFRQEήQEϘ6X\GLQKGϮQJQKφ 6ϷPȿOVJϵŢVWϡKWKȢQJOδQ 3KȮDGϨLYȷQJPȡXFDPGϨLЅϪQJ
%JKύWECQ OȡYȷQJPȡXЅϜ1όXFȣQQτQJFRQEήQUL WKȢQJЅROδQWURQJJLDLЅRήQWUψWϸ YȡRYȷQJQȡ\OȡEϘ6X\GLQKGϮQJQτQJ WXϢL %JKύWJϧPIVJC[ЄϡKEȢPPσPI 8ȱPIЄγW 1JRȡLYLϔFЅȢQKJLȢFȣQQτQJFϴDWUψWKHR QJD\VDXNKLЅψWXδQWKȢQJYȡ WKȢQJ QɀP WXϢL YLϔF ЅȢQK JLȢ [X KϨQJ WKȢQJ FȣQQτQJFϴDOδQFȣQOLȫQWLόSFʜQJUβW TXDQWUϚQJ9ȮGϲQKFȣQQτQJFϴDFRQ EήQϬOδQFȣQVDXNKȴQJWɀQJKRτFJLΰP %LÿX¯ďWQJWUÛĚQJ KQOδQFȣQWUϨFFʜQJOȡGβXKLϔXFȳWKϐ 6Tχ FϧK VWϡK ЄύW ЄϯE VJGQ FȴK UϽ Fȳ YβQ Ѕώ Yώ GLQK GϮQJ KRτF V϶F NKRψ RJȡVVTKϏPVJϏNϽEDνPI$KϏWЄϟEȢPPσPI FKRGȷFΰFȣQQτQJFϴDOδQFȣQЅώXϬ XȠ EJKύW ECQ VJGQ VWϡK /ϣK DKϏW Єϟ EȲ WURQJ YȷQJ PȡX [DQK 7UϪQJ KϰS FRQ EήQEϘVX\GLQKGϮQJQKφϬWKϪLЅLϐPQȡ\ 48751+/º1/19 EJQ VTχ VTCK XȠ VTχ IȡK TKȪPI PύP OȠW 3+775,1&¯$75 ZCPJ EJQ VTχ VTCK XȠ OȠW JϟPI EJQ VTχ YȡOδQVDXFȣQQτQJYθQϬWURQJYȷQJVX\ IȡK%ȡEJЄȡPJIKȡPJUCW GLQKGϮQJQKQJFȳWɀQJKQVRYϨLOδQ WUϨFЅϪQJELϐXGLϒQWUȫQELϐXЅϠFȳ[X 0ϤLOδQFȣQЅRFKRWUψKȤ\JKLOήLNόWTXΰ KϨQJЅLOȫQ
WKȭFʜQJOȡPϦWWȮQKLϔXWϞW WUȫQELϐXЅϠEήQVϊELόWFRQPȭQKFȳWɀQJ FδQNLȫQQKθQWLόSWϲFQXȴLWUψЅȸQJFȢFK WUϬQJEȭQKWKϪQJKD\NKȴQJ"7UȫQPϤL SKȲQJEϔQKWκWWUψVϊЅήWЅϰFFȣQQτQJ ELϐXЅϠЅώXFȳKϨQJGθQFKREήQFȢFK EȭQKWKϪQJ QKκQELόWFȢFVϞЅRFϴDWUψWήLWKϪLЅLϐP FȣQ Yȡ [X KϨQJ WɀQJ WUϬQJ Fȳ EȭQK .WȺ7UψЅψFȳFȣQQτQJJOȡWUψ WKϪQJKD\NKȴQJ'ϨLЅȣ\OȡPϦWVϞFȢF ЅψQKφFȣQYȡFȣQQτQJ!JOȡWUψЅψ QϦL GXQJ FKȮQK NKL WKHR GȵL FȢF ELϐX ЅϠ QτQJFȣQ&ȢFWUψQȡ\ЅώXFȳQJX\FWDL WɀQJWUϬQJ ELόQWήLFXϦFЅψϬJLDLЅRήQVVLQKFʜQJ QKWURQJTXȢWUȭQKSKȢWWULϐQWKϐFKβWYώ %LÿX¯ďWKHRG¥LFQQóQJ VDX %ȲЄϩPIEQPI %LÿX¯ďWKHRG¥LFKLýXFDR ȁϪQJϬJLϼDЅϪQJVϞ
OȡЅϪQJELϐX &βX WUȸF ELϐX ЅϠ WKHR GȵL FKLώX FDR GLϒQJLȢWUϘWUXQJEȭQKFϴDFȣQQτQJ3KȮD WQJWϾJLϞQJQKELϐXЅϠWKHRGȵLFȣQ WUȫQ Yȡ GϨL FϴD ЅϪQJ JLϼD Oȡ ЅϪQJ QτQJ7X\ QKLȫQ FȢF WKϪL ЅLϐP ЅR FKLώX ЅϪQJVϞYȡ
WήRQȫQYȷQJPȡX[DQK FDRNKȴQJFδQWKϪQJ[X\ȫQQKЅRFȣQ OȡYȷQJFȣQQτQJFϴDWUψEȭQKWKϪQJ QτQJ 1K ЅȤ JLϨL WKLϔX Ϭ WUȫQ ЅR FKLώX - Phía trên vùng màu xanh là vùng màu FDRFKϖFδQWKȢQJOδQWURQJVXϞWWKϪLN͡ vàng: Ѕȳ Oȡ YȷQJ FKR EήQ ELόW FRQ EήQ WϸWXϢLȁȢQKJLȢYώFKLώXFDRFʜQJ ЅDQJWKϸDFȣQVRYϨLWXϢL1όXFȣQQτQJ Fȳ FȢF P϶F ЅϦ EȭQK WKϪQJ FDR KQ FϴDWUψULYȡRYȡQJSKȮDWUȫQЅϪQJFRQJ VR YϨL WXϢL WKβS FȲL ЅϦ , Yȡ WKβS FȲL ЅϦ ЅϪQJVϞ
OȡWUψЅȤEϘEȪRSKȭ ,,7X\QKLȫQNKȴQJJLϞQJQKFȣQQτQJ 3KȮDGϨLYȷQJPȡX[DQKOȡYȷQJPȡX YLϔFFDQWKLϔSЅϐFΰLWKLϔQYώFKLώXFDROȡ 4 CẨM NANG ė$;)ƫ/¨ƫ/Ⱥƫ'$ȡ!ƫ0.ȍƫ/ǯƫ/%*$ƫ2Hƫ0.ȍƫ*$ȡƫ'Ɇƫ*#15n*ƫąċĀĘ
TXȢWUȭQKOȣXGȡLEμWЅδXWϸWUψJȢLYϘWKȡQK QLȫQWUϨFNKLPDQJWKDLFʜQJQKWURQJ VXϞWWKϪLJLDQPDQJWKDLYȡVDXNKLЅψ 7ãPTXDQWUĉQJFĢDWKHR G¥LVĬSKWWULÿQWKÿFKáW .WȺϫWUψGϨLWXϢLЅRWUψϬWWKόQξP Yȭ WUψ FKD Ѕ϶QJ WKπQJ ЅϰF
Yȭ WKό QȫQ 6JGQFȴKRJȡVVTKϏPVJϏEJαVNȠPϥKFWPI JϚL Oȡ FKLώX GȡL ϫ PϞF WUψ WXϢL ЅϰF VJKϋV[ϋWVTQPIEJȿOUȲEUϵEMJQχVTχ FRQJ EϘ FμW UϪL NKRΰQJ Oȡ VDL VϞ JLϼD GO FKLώXFDRQξPYȡЅ϶QJ6DLVϞQȡ\NKȴQJ ΰQKKϬQJЅόQYLϔFЅȢQKJLȢWUψ &QWU÷¯RFKLýXFDRYFKáPELÿX ¯ďWQJWUÛĚQJF£WKÿJL©SEčPõ ®RY¢QJ¯ãX $KϋVЄϯEVTχVȿPIVTϫPIDȬPJVJϩPI ȀȡPJIKȡUϽRJȡVVTKϏPEϳCXȱPIЄγWEʛPI NKL FȢF OδQ FȣQ WUψ ЅώX QξP WURQJ YȷQJ EȲ DKϏW Єϟ VȿPI VTϫPI 6W[ PJKȪP JKϓP JLϨLKήQEȭQKWKϪQJ VέKEJCUϹFϱPIDKϏWЄϟPȠ[VTQPIEϥPI 2JȡVJKϓPUϧOEȡEXαPЄύXύVJϏEJαV ЄϟPI WɀQJ FȣQ FKκP KRτF TXȢ QKDQK Ѕϐ ЅLώX ȀQNγPOȸFPϨLVLQKYȲQJЅδXFϴDWUψ FKϖQK FKό ЅϦ ɀQ KRτF [Ϻ OȻ VϨP QόX Fȳ YβQЅώYώEϔQKOȻ 48751+/º1/19 VVLQKOȡNKRΰQJWϸFP 3+775,1&¯$75 ȀQNγPWKϪQJЅRYȡROȸFWUψЅϰF 6JGQ FȴK EȢP PσPI QόX NKȴQJ EȭQK WXδQ 7ήL WKϪL ЅLϐP Qȡ\ YȲQJ ЅδX WɀQJ WKϪQJ Fȳ WKϐ FDQ WKLϔS KLϔX TXΰ WURQJ WKȫP NKRΰQJ FP VR YϨL NKL PϨL VLQK WKϪLJLDQQJμQ WUXQJEȭQKFPWKȢQJ
.KLFFFKąVčWKHRG¥LNK¤QJQíP ȀϋPPȿOYȲQJЅδXWUψWɀQJWKȫP WURQJJLĖLKÝQEQKWKÛĵQJ FPQϼDVϞЅREȭQKWKϪQJYȡRNKRΰQJ FP &ȢFWUψFȳFȢFVϞЅRWURQJJLϨLKήQEȭQK WKϪQJ WKHR WXϢL QK JLϨL WKLϔX Ϭ WUȫQ Oȡ ȀϋPPȿOYȲQJЅδXEȭQKWKϪQJFϴDWUψ SKȢW WULϐQ WϞW7X\ QKLȫQ QόX FȢF EϞ Pφ NKRΰQJFP FΰPWKβ\OROμQJYώEβWF϶ЅLώXJȭFδQЅD 1όX YȲQJ ЅδX FϴD WUψ QKϜ KQ KRτF OϨQ WUψЅόQFVϬ\WόЅϐЅϰFNKȢPYȡWYβQ KQ P϶F EȭQK WKϪQJ YȡR WKϪL ЅLϐP ЅR 1όX WUψ Fȳ FȢF VϞ ЅR QξP WURQJ YȷQJ QȫXWUȫQEήQQȫQWKȴQJEȢRFKRQKȣQYLȫQ VX\ GLQK GϮQJ WKϸD FȣQ EȪR SKȭ KRτF \WόЅϐЅϰFWYβQ EβWWKϪQJYώYȲQJЅδXFδQЅDWUψЅόQ %ȡEJЄQ'ȷQJWKϨFЅRNKȴQJFKXQJLȤQ F VϬ \ Wό Ѕϐ ЅϰF NKȢP Yȡ KϨQJ GθQ ЅτW WKϨF Gȣ\ FȢFKFKɀPVȳFSKȷKϰS YȲQJ TXDQK ЅδX WUψ TXD QL Gȴ FDR QKβW Ϭ SKȮD WUϨF WUȢQ YȲQJ UD SKȮD WUȫQ KDL YȡQK WDL UϠL WLόS WϲF NȪR UD SKȮD VDX &ȢFKЅRYȲQJЅδX 5
6ī3+775,þ1 9ü7,1+7+â1 9è1®Ĕ1* 6JGQ FȴK UϽ RJȡV VTKϏP VKPJ VJγP XιP ЅϦQJNKȳFKϘX[XQJTXDQKQKWLόQJϠQ ЄϥPIEϳCVTχEJϳ[ϋWXύPϥKFWPI ȢQKVȢQJYY 48751+/º1/19 3+775,1&¯$75 8ιP ЄϥPI 9κQ ЅϦQJ WKȴ FϺ ЅϦQJ ȁόQFXϞLJLDLЅRήQQȡ\WUψЅȤFȳWKϐQKκQ ЅδXFϢQJϠLЅLЅ϶QJ
YȡYκQЅϦQJWLQK ELϐW ЅϰF ЅȫP QJȡ\ Yȡ QJϴ QKLώX KQ JLϼЅϠYκWWKϾFKLϔQFȢFЅϦQJWȢFSKϞL YȡR EDQ ЅȫP 7Uψ FΰP QKκQ ЅϰF KL KϰS
βPWȭQK\ȫXWKQJTXDOϪLKȢWUXYXϞW -JίPȿPIPJιPDKϋV YHYϤYώFϴDPφKRτFQJϪLFKɀPVȳF 0IȳPPIϻ 7UψNKȳFNKLNKȳFKϘXYȡЅȤFȳWKȫPFȢF )KCQVKϋR ȣPVμFQKRHDNKLNKȳF 'ϨLЅȣ\OȡPϦWVϞWKϪLЅLϐPTXDQWUϚQJ 6TχVJϵEXȠJQέVЄϥPIPJKύWJPVTχЄȣ ЅϐЅȢQKJLȢVϾSKȢWWULϐQYώWLQKWKδQYκQ EȲVJϏ ЅϦQJFϴDWUψ 4XD\ FϢ VDQJ EȫQ KRτF QJζQJ OȫQ NKLQξPQJϺD *LDL¯RÝQWĦWKQJ WXđL 1μPFKτWWD\FRFȢQKWD\FRFKȣQ KRτFFRQJQJϪLNKLEόWUψOȫQ 7LόQJNKȳFFKȡRЅϪLFϴDWUψPϨLVLQKOȡ QKϘS WKϬ ЅδX WLȫQ Yȡ FʜQJ Oȡ QJȴQ QJϼ %LόWGϲLЅδXYȡRYȸPφTXD\ЅδXWȭP FϴD WUψ 0ϦW WUψ VLQK UD EȭQK WKϪQJ Oȡ QȸPYȸYȡEȸPφ NKȳFWRGDKϠQJYȡFȳWKϐEȸPφЅϰF %LόW ЅD PμW QKȭQ WKHR ЅϠ YκW GL WURQJYȲQJJLϪЅδXVDXЅψFȳFȢFSKΰQ FKX\ϐQWUϨFPτW [ήWϾQKLȫQQKQμPFKτWWD\JLκWPȭQK ȁόQFXϞLWKȢQJWK϶WUψEμWЅδXELόW NKL Fȳ WLόQJ ЅϦQJ PήQK 7URQJ QKϼQJ KȳQJFKX\ϔQQKȭQFKɀPFKȸYȡRPτW QJȡ\ ЅδX WUψ QJϴ QKLώX NKRΰQJ QJϪLQȳLPȴLPβSPȢ\
JLϪNKȴQJSKȣQELϔWQJȡ\ЅȫP7X\QKLȫQ NKLЅȢQKWK϶FWKȭWUψWϖQKYȡFȳSKΰQ϶QJ 7ĦWKQJWXđL YϨL[XQJTXDQK7UψNKȳFKϘXTXβ\NKȳF %LόWOθ\JLϼWKπQJЅδXYȡFȳWKϐYQ NKLЅȳLϨWWȤEϘOήQKKRτFNKLFȳFȢFWȢF FDR Fΰ SKδQ QJϾF OȫQ ȁόQ FXϞL WKȢQJ 6 CẨM NANG ė$;)ƫ/¨ƫ/Ⱥƫ'$ȡ!ƫ0.ȍƫ/ǯƫ/%*$ƫ2Hƫ0.ȍƫ*$ȡƫ'Ɇƫ*#15n*ƫąċĀĘ
WK϶ ЅȤ Fȳ WKϐ OκW ЅL OκW OήL NKȴQJ FδQ QJϪLЅϮ 7ĦWKQJWXđL ȁȤFȳVϾQKϘSQKȡQJNKLYκQЅϦQJFȳ &ȳWKϐEȲWUϪQPϦWFȢFKWKȡQKWKήR WKϐYϨLЅϠFKLSKϞLKϰSFΰWD\ЅϐFδP YȡPμWQKȭQЅϠYκWNKLFKL &ȳQKLώXWQJWȢFKQYϨLPȴLWUϪQJ [XQJTXDQK7KȮFKKȳQJFKX\ϔQYȡȫD WKHRQJϪLQȳL ȁȤQKκQELόWЅϰFQJϪLWKȣQTXDNKXȴQ PτWYȡJLϚQJQȳL 7UψELόWSKȣQELϔWЅϰFQJȡ\YȡЅȫP WK϶FOȣXKQWURQJQJȡ\YȡQJϴYȡREXϢL WϞL 7ĦWKQJWXđL YȡQJϠLYϼQJNKȴQJFδQЅϮ 48751+/º1/19 /κW TXD OκW OήL QJϪL PϦW FȢFK WKȡQK %μW ЅδX EȢP YȡR WKȡQK JKόJLϪQJ 3+775,1&¯$75 WKήR Yȡ Fȳ WKϐ WUϪQ QJϪL OȫQ [XϞQJ Ѕ϶QJOȫQYȡЅLOδQWKHRFȢFFKϤЅϮ KRτF[RD\VDQJEȫQ 7KȮFKY϶WQȪPFȢFЅϠYκWNKLFKL *LϼЅϰFЅδXNKLEόWKπQJWUψOȫQ 3KȢWȣPOτSOήLPϦWWϸЅQEȡEȡPD +D\ ЅD ЅϠ FKL OȫQ PLϔQJ KRτF FKR PDű&ϪLWRWKȡQKWLόQJ 7KȮFKFKLYϨLEϞPφQJϪLWKȣQȁȲL WKHRNKLPϚLQJϪLTXD\ЅL 7ĦWKQJWXđL 7UψЅ϶QJYϼQJWκSЅLPHQ3KϞLKϰS EȡQWD\NKȢQKϘSQKȡQJNKLFKLNKLɀQ KRτFOȡPJȭЅȳWKHRȻWKȮFK &ȳ WKϐ VϺ GϲQJ ЅϰF QJȳQ WD\ QK GȷQJQJȳQWUϜЅϐFKϖKRτFFδPЅϠYκW EξQJQJȳQFȢLYȡQJȳQWUϜ %LόWTXD\YώKϨQJQJϪLJϚLPȭQK FKȣQYȡRPLϔQJ ȁȤ Fȳ WKϐ QȳL ЅϰF Wϸ NKȢF ȣP Eȡ &ȳ GβX KLϔX PϚF UɀQJ FKΰ\ GȤL FμQ LȷRȡű YȸPφWKȮFKЅDFȢFЅϠYκWYȡRPϠP