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Chapter 11: ALDEHYDES-KETONES

Chia sẻ: Huỳnh Đăng Khoa Khoa | Ngày: | Loại File: PPT | Số trang:42

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Common names: carboxylic acid - “aldehyde” is substituted for “ic acid”. Lower priority than ester - “oxo” group. Derived names: alkyls + ketone. IUPAC names: hydrocarbon + one.

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Nội dung Text: Chapter 11: ALDEHYDES-KETONES

  1. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Dr Nam T. S. Phan Faculty of Chemical Engineering HCMC University of Technology Office: room 211, B2 Building Phone: 8647256 ext. 5681 Email: ptsnam@hcmut.edu.vn 1
  2. Chapter 11: ALDEHYDES-KETONES C=O C=C 2 SP carbon 2
  3. NOMENCLATURE OF ALDEHYDES Common names: carboxylic acid  “aldehyde” is substituted for “ic acid” 3 IUPAC names: hydrocarbon + al
  4. Lower priority than ester  “oxo” group 4
  5. 5
  6. NOMENCLATURE OF KETONES Derived names: alkyls + ketone 6 IUPAC names: hydrocarbon + one
  7. 7
  8. PREPARATION OF ALDEHYDES & KETONES Aldehydes & ketones from alkenes In the presence of an oxidizing agent, the products 8 will be ketones / carboxylic acids
  9. Aldehydes & ketones from alkynes Markovnikov’s rule Anti-Markovnikov 9
  10. Aldehydes & ketones from alcohols 10
  11. Can NOT be isolated PCC: pyridinium chlorochromate 11
  12. Aldehydes from esters, acyl chlorides Note: LiAlH4  12 alcohols
  13. Preparation of aromatic ketones 13
  14. Gatterman-Koch synthesis of benzaldehyde Can NOT be prepared & isolated 14
  15. REACTIONS OF ALDEHYDES & KETONES I The partial positive carbon can be attacked by nucleophiles The addition of nucleophiles to the carbon atom of the carbonyl group in nucleophilic addition reactions 15
  16. Reactions with Grignard reagents Only for the reaction of HCHO 16
  17. Numbers 1 & 2 are used to indicate that the acid is not added until the reaction with the Grignard reagent is complete 17
  18. Reactions with acetylide ions Weak acid, will NOT react with the triple bond 18
  19. Reactions with hydrogen cyanide Converted back to carbonyl in basic solutions 19
  20. Nitriles  carboxylic acids Nitriles  amines 20
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