Chapter 117. Health Advice for International Travel (Part 2)

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Immunizations for Travel Immunizations for travel fall into three broad categories: routine (childhood/adult boosters that are necessary regardless of travel), required (immunizations that are mandated by international regulations for entry into certain areas or for border crossings), and recommended (immunizations that are desirable because of travel-related risks). Vaccines commonly given to travelers are listed in Table 117-1. Table 117-1 Vaccines Commonly Used for Travel Vaccine Primary Series Booster Interval Cholera, live oral (CVD 103 - HgR) 1 dose 6 months Hepatitis 1440 U/mL enzyme A (Havrix), 2 doses, 6–12 None required immunoassay months apart, IM Hepatitis A (VAQTA, 2 doses, 6–12 None required AVAXIM, EPAXAL) months apart, IM Hepatitis A/B combined (Twinrix) ...

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Chapter 117. Health Advice for International Travel (Part 2) Immunizations for Travel Immunizations for travel fall into three broad categories: routine (childhood/adult boosters that are necessary regardless of travel), required (immunizations that are mandated by international regulations for entry into certain areas or for border crossings), and recommended (immunizations that are desirable because of travel-related risks). Vaccines commonly given to travelers are listed in Table 117-1. Table 117-1 Vaccines Commonly Used for Travel
Vaccine Primary Series Booster Interval Cholera, live oral (CVD 1 dose 6 months 103 - HgR) Hepatitis A (Havrix), 2 doses, 6–12 None required 1440 enzyme immunoassay months apart, IM U/mL Hepatitis A (VAQTA, 2 doses, 6–12 None required AVAXIM, EPAXAL) months apart, IM Hepatitis A/B combined 3 doses at 0, 1, None required (Twinrix) and 6–12 months or 0, 7, except 12 months (once and 21 days plus booster only, for accelerated at 1 year, IM schedule) Hepatitis B (Engerix B): 3 doses at 0, 1, 12 months, once accelerated schedule and 2 months or 0, 7, only and 21 days plus booster
at 1 year, IM Hepatitis B (Engerix B or 3 doses at 0, 1, None required Recombivax): standard schedule and 6 months, IM Immune globulin 1 dose IM Intervals of 3–5 (hepatitis A prevention) months, depending on initial dose Japanese encephalitis 3 doses, 1 week 12–18 months (JEV, Biken) apart, SC (first booster), then 4 years Meningococcus, 1 dose SC >3 years quadrivalent [Menimmune (optimum booster (polysaccharide), Menactra schedule not yet (conjugate)] determined) Rabies (HDCV), rabies 3 doses at 0, 7, None required vaccine absorbed (RVA), or and 21 or 28 days, IM except with exposure purified chick embryo cell
vaccine (PCEC) Typhoid Ty21a, oral live 1 capsule every 5 years attenuated (Vivotif) other day x 4 doses Typhoid Vi capsular 1 dose IM 2 years polysaccharide, injectable (Typhim Vi) Yellow fever 1 dose SC 10 years reactions occur only rarely. The vaccine is recommended for persons staying >1 month in rural endemic areas or for shorter periods if their activities (e.g., camping, bicycling, hiking) in these areas will increase exposure risk. A Vero cell vaccine may be licensed in the United States within the next 2 years. Cholera The risk of cholera (Chap. 149) is extremely low, with ~1 case per 500,000 journeys to endemic areas. Cholera vaccine, no longer available in the United States, was rarely recommended but was considered for aid and health care
workers in refugee camps or in disaster-stricken/war-torn areas. A more effective oral cholera vaccine is available in other countries.