intTypePromotion=1
zunia.vn Tuyển sinh 2024 dành cho Gen-Z zunia.vn zunia.vn
ADSENSE

Chuẩn bị dữ liệu trong việc xây dựng cơ sở dữ liệu video số

Chia sẻ: Nguyễn Minh Vũ | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:12

43
lượt xem
4
download
 
  Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

In this paper, a method to prepare video data is proposed consisting of a shot boundary detection technique on the basis of tracking camera motion through the background areas to the video frame (background tracking) and of some other steps to discard noise and to reduce false segmentation for increasing the accuracy of the video stream segmentation. Measures to be taken to overcome the problem of object’s and camera’s motion are proposed and an enhanced algorithm for segmenting video data is also reported.

Chủ đề:
Lưu

Nội dung Text: Chuẩn bị dữ liệu trong việc xây dựng cơ sở dữ liệu video số

’<br /> Tap ch´ Tin hoc v` Diˆu khiˆn hoc, T.23, S.2 (2007), 141–152<br /> ı<br /> e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> . a `<br /> .<br /> <br /> . ˆ<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> CHUAN BI DU LIEU TRONG VIEC XAY DU NG<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ˜<br /> . ’ . ˜. ˆ<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> CO SO DU LIEU VIDEO SO<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> . .<br /> ˜<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> LU O NG XUAN CU O NG1 , DO TRUNG TUAN2 , DO XUAN TIEN1<br /> 1<br /> <br /> Hoc viˆn K˜ thuˆt Quˆn su., Email: lxcuong2002@yahoo.com; dxtienvxl@yahoo.com<br /> e<br /> y<br /> a<br /> a .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> 2 Dai hoc Quˆ c gia H` Nˆi, Email tuandt@hep.edu.vn<br /> ´<br /> o<br /> a o<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> <br /> Abstract. Preparing video data is an important step in the construction of digital video databases.<br /> This work demands segmenting a video sequence into shots, which are basic meaning units of video<br /> data. In this paper, a method to prepare video data is proposed consisting of a shot boundary<br /> detection technique on the basis of tracking camera motion through the background areas to the<br /> video frame (background tracking) and of some other steps to discard noise and to reduce false<br /> segmentation for increasing the accuracy of the video stream segmentation. Measures to be taken to<br /> overcome the problem of object’s and camera’s motion are proposed and an enhanced algorithm for<br /> segmenting video data is also reported.<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’ u e<br /> T´m t˘t. Chuˆ n bi d˜. liˆu video l` mˆt bu.´.c quan trong trong qu´ tr` xˆy du.ng co. so. d˜. liˆu<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a . u e<br /> a o<br /> o<br /> a ınh a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> ´ o o e `<br /> ’ o<br /> (CSDL) video sˆ . N´ luˆn yˆu cˆu phˆn chia chuˆi video th`nh c´c lia (shot), l` do.n vi co. ban c´<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> ’ . u e<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> e<br /> a<br /> o<br /> ngh˜ cua d˜. liˆu video. B`i b´o dˆ xuˆt mˆt phu.o.ng ph´p chuˆ n bi d˜. liˆu video, bao gˆ m: k˜<br /> ıa ’<br /> u e<br /> a a `<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> y<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .i gi˜.a c´c lia video du.a trˆn d´nh dˆu v` ng nˆn cua c´c khung video, mˆt<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’ a<br /> e a<br /> thuˆt ph´t hiˆn gianh gi´ u a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o<br /> a u<br /> e<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜ a a<br /> `<br /> ´ .<br /> ’<br /> ’ a<br /> sˆ biˆn ph´p giam nhiˆu v` c´c ph´t hiˆn sai nh˘ m t˘ng kha n˘ng phˆn chia mˆt c´ch ch´ x´c<br /> o e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o a<br /> ınh a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ o<br /> ´<br /> ´ e<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> d`ng video; mˆt sˆ biˆn ph´p kh˘c phuc vˆ n dˆ chuyˆn dˆng cua camera v` dˆ i tu.o.ng; thuˆt to´n<br /> o<br /> o o e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ´ .<br /> . a `<br /> .<br /> ’ a<br /> u e<br /> cho ph´p nˆng cao kha n˘ng phˆn doan d˜. liˆu video.<br /> e a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> ´<br /> ˘<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> 1. DAT VAN D`<br /> E<br /> .<br /> e o<br /> Trong mˆi tru.`.ng da phu.o.ng tiˆn, d˜. liˆu video l` mˆt dang d˜. liˆu d˘c biˆt v´.i nh˜.ng<br /> o<br /> o<br /> e<br /> u e<br /> a o .<br /> u e a<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ .<br /> d˘c t´ nˆ i bˆt nhu. k´ thu.´.c l´.n, nˆi dung ng˜. ngh˜ tr`.u tu.o.ng, c´ c´c quan hˆ khˆng<br /> a ınh o a<br /> ıch<br /> o o<br /> o<br /> u<br /> ıa u<br /> o a<br /> e o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ .<br /> `<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> o o o<br /> e<br /> a ’ .<br /> gian - th`.i gian, tˆc dˆ d`ng d˜. liˆu cao... Hiˆn nay nhu cˆu su. dung video ng`y c`ng t˘ng<br /> o<br /> u e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ ´<br /> ’ a<br /> a<br /> a ınh e e a a<br /> a<br /> o ’<br /> cao, d`i hoi phai xˆy du.ng c´c CSDL video. Qu´ tr` thiˆt kˆ v` xˆy du.ng c´c CSDL video<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ` o<br /> o<br /> u<br /> o a<br /> a<br /> a . u<br /> d`i hoi rˆ t nhiˆu cˆng doan ph´.c tap. Mˆt trong nh˜.ng bu.´.c rˆ t quan trong l` chuˆ n bi d˜.<br /> o ’ a<br /> e<br /> u .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .i loai d˜. liˆu truyˆn thˆng (d˜. liˆu sˆ, v˘n ban), do d˘c t´ d˘c biˆt cua m`<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´ a<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> liˆu. Kh´c v´ . u e<br /> e<br /> a o<br /> a ınh a<br /> e<br /> ınh,<br /> e<br /> o<br /> u e o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> mˆ h` h´a d˜. liˆu video luˆn du.o.c d˘t ra nhu. mˆt yˆu cˆu tiˆn quyˆt. Mˆ h` h´a d˜.<br /> o ınh o u e<br /> o<br /> o e `<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o ınh o u<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´ ´ e<br /> ´ ´<br /> liˆu video liˆn quan dˆn vˆ n dˆ tr` b`y d˜. liˆu video, d´ l` viˆc thiˆt kˆ t´m t˘t m´.c cao<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e a ` ınh a u e<br /> o a e<br /> e e o<br /> a<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ch`n, biˆn tˆp, chı sˆ h´a, duyˆt v`<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’ o o<br /> ’<br /> e a<br /> e a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> cua video thˆ, tao diˆu kiˆn cho c´c hoat dˆng kh´c nhu e<br /> o .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> `<br /> ´n d˜. liˆu video. V` vˆy, mˆ h` h´a d˜. liˆu video thu.`.ng l` viˆc l`m dˆu tiˆn cua<br /> ’<br /> ı a<br /> o ınh o u e<br /> o<br /> a e a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> truy vˆ u e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> a e a<br /> a ınh<br /> a . u e o ’ u e<br /> qu´ tr` chuˆ n bi d˜. liˆu video. Hˆu hˆt c´c qu´ tr` chuˆ n bi d˜. liˆu d`i hoi d˜. liˆu video<br /> a ınh<br /> a . u e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ’ o<br /> cˆn du.o.c phˆn chia theo th`.i gian th`nh c´c doan co. so. c´ ngh˜ Sau d´ l` c´c bu.´.c t´m<br /> a<br /> o a a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> ıa.<br /> o o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ o o<br /> t˘t m´.c cao, chı sˆ h´a...<br /> a<br /> u<br /> <br /> 142<br /> <br /> . .<br /> . .<br /> ˜<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> LU O NG XUAN CU O NG, DO TRUNG TUAN, DO XUAN TIEN<br /> <br /> 1.1. Mˆ h` h´a d˜. liˆu<br /> o ınh o<br /> u e<br /> .<br /> `<br /> o<br /> a<br /> Phˆn doan d˜. liˆu video theo th`.i gian nh˘ m muc d´ phˆn chia d`ng video liˆn tuc<br /> a<br /> u e<br /> ıch<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .n vi co. so. c´ y ngh˜ l` c´c lia (shot) ho˘c c´c canh (scene). Trong d´, lia du.o.c<br /> ’ o´<br /> ıa a a<br /> a a ’<br /> o<br /> th`nh c´c do .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .n vi vˆt l´ cua d`ng video. N´ l` mˆt tˆp ho.p c´c khung video liˆn tiˆp thu<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> coi l` mˆt do<br /> a o<br /> o<br /> o a o a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> . a y<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> a<br /> u a<br /> o . e . ` a<br /> e .<br /> o<br /> du.o.c t`. mˆt hoat dˆng camera do.n. Nhu. vˆy gi˜.a c´c khung c´ su. liˆn tuc vˆ m˘t khˆng<br /> . u o<br /> .<br /> . o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .i gian. Trong khi canh lai du.o.c hiˆ u l` mˆt do.n vi logic (vˆ m˘t ng˜. ngh˜ cua d`ng<br /> ’ a o<br /> ` a<br /> ’<br /> ’ o<br /> e<br /> e .<br /> u<br /> ıa)<br /> gian-th`<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ` a<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> e .<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> video. Canh c´ thˆ gˆ m mˆt ho˘c mˆt sˆ lia c´ su. liˆn quan vˆ m˘t khˆng gian v`/ho˘c th`.i<br /> o e’ o<br /> o<br /> a<br /> o o<br /> o . e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ a a<br /> ´n mˆt ng˜. ngh˜ n`o d´. Phˆn doan video thu.c chˆ t l` ph´t hiˆn trong<br /> ıa a o<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o<br /> u<br /> a<br /> gian c`ng mang dˆ<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> a a ’<br /> a y<br /> a<br /> a<br /> mˆt chuˆi video (sequence) gianh gi´.i gi˜.a c´c lia ho˘c c´c canh. C´c k˜ thuˆt phˆn doan<br /> o<br /> o<br /> o u a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . liˆu video c´ thˆ chia ra th`nh nhiˆu l´.p, t`y theo viˆc lu.a chon (i) c´c d˘c tru.ng cua<br /> ’<br /> ` o<br /> ’<br /> o e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> u<br /> e .<br /> a a<br /> d˜ e<br /> u .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> e’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> video dˆ so s´nh, (ii) c´c phu.o.ng ph´p so s´nh, (iii) dˆi tu.o.ng video thu.c hiˆn phˆn doan.<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’ e<br /> ’<br /> C´c k˜ thuˆt phˆn doan d˜. liˆu video chu yˆu du.a v`o nˆi dung h` anh - ˆm thanh cua<br /> a y<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> ınh ’<br /> a<br /> u e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> e<br /> a<br /> u a<br /> a<br /> e’ a e<br /> o u a<br /> video, thu.c hiˆn do dac su. kh´c nhau gi˜.a c´c khung dˆ ph´t hiˆn gianh gi´.i gi˜.a c´c lia (c´c<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> chuyˆ n lia).<br /> e’<br /> 1.2. Muc d´ cua b`i b´o<br /> ıch ’<br /> a a<br /> .<br /> ’ . u e<br /> ’ .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> B`i b´o tr` b`y mˆt phu.o.ng ph´p chuˆ n bi d˜. liˆu video d˜ du.o.c su. dung cho xˆy<br /> a a<br /> ınh a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .ng CSDL video trong c´c hˆ thˆng camera gi´m s´t an ninh. C´c hˆ thˆng n`y su. dung<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> a e o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a e o<br /> a ’ .<br /> du<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> e<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> o .<br /> e’ o<br /> nhiˆu loai camera: loai d´.ng yˆn quan s´t trong mˆt khˆng gian cˆ dinh; loai chuyˆ n dˆng<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . u<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> e<br /> e’<br /> e<br /> a<br /> o<br /> u e<br /> u e o<br /> v´.i nhiˆu kiˆ u qu´t, quay, zoom... kh´c nhau. D`ng d˜. liˆu video thu du.o.c t`. hˆ thˆng<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> e’ o<br /> u e<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> camera quan s´t chiu anh hu.o.ng cua chuyˆ n dˆng cua camera v`/ho˘c dˆi tu.o.ng. D˜. liˆu<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´ .<br /> ´ng n`y c´ c´c d˘c diˆ m riˆng: sˆ lu.o.ng d˜. liˆu l´.n; cˆ u tr´c d˜. liˆu<br /> ´<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o<br /> video trong c´c hˆ thˆ<br /> a e o<br /> a o a a<br /> u e o<br /> a<br /> u u e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ e<br /> ’ a<br /> e `<br /> a a<br /> o<br /> u .<br /> theo chuˆ n riˆng; d`ng video c´ phan ´nh c´c chuyˆ n dˆng ph´.c tap; yˆu cˆu xˆy du.ng mˆ<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> a<br /> e’ o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . liˆu riˆng; c´c yˆu cˆu truy vˆ n, t` kiˆm dˆi tu.o.ng video l` chu yˆu. Do d´ cˆn<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’ e<br /> e<br /> a e a<br /> a<br /> ım e<br /> a<br /> h` d˜ e<br /> ınh u .<br /> o<br /> o a<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> o<br /> a u e a<br /> a . u e<br /> o a<br /> e<br /> ch´ y nhiˆu dˆn chuˆ n bi d˜. liˆu tru.´.c khi thu thˆp d˜. liˆu v`o CSDL. Trong d´ d˘c biˆt<br /> u´<br /> e e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ` m v`o mˆt sˆ k˜ thuˆt m´.i v` c´c biˆn ph´p cai tiˆn nh˘ m nˆng cao hiˆu qua phˆn doan<br /> ´<br /> ´ y<br /> ’<br /> e<br /> a ’ e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> nh˘<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o o<br /> a<br /> o a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ’ a a<br /> d˜. liˆu video. C´c phˆn tiˆp theo cua b`i b´o tr` b`y mˆt sˆ giai ph´p: (i) Phu.o.ng ph´p<br /> u e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> ınh a<br /> o o ’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> ´t lia du.a trˆn d´nh dˆ u v`ng nˆn.<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> a u<br /> e<br /> e a<br /> ph´t hiˆn c˘<br /> a<br /> e a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ o<br /> ´c phuc vˆ n dˆ chuyˆ n dˆng cua camera v` dˆi tu.o.ng.<br /> ´<br /> ´ `<br /> ’<br /> e<br /> a o<br /> (ii) Kh˘<br /> a<br /> .<br /> . a e<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> (iii) Nˆng cao hiˆu qua phˆn doan video.<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˘<br /> 2. PHU O NG PHAP PHAT HIEN CAT LIA<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> `<br /> ˆ<br /> DU A TREN DANH DAU VUNG N` N<br /> E<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> 2.1. Cu thˆ h´a yˆu cˆu cua vˆ n dˆ<br /> e o e `<br /> a<br /> a `<br /> e<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> o<br /> o a<br /> Mˆt d`ng video gˆ m n khung (f1, f2 , ..., fn) c´ thˆ xem nhu. mˆt chuˆi c´c khung anh<br /> o o<br /> o<br /> o e’<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .`.ng dˆ s´ng cua mˆt diˆ m anh c˜ng l` mˆt h`m cua th`.i<br /> ´ ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> t˜ (frame) nˆi tiˆp nhau v` cu o<br /> ınh<br /> o e<br /> a<br /> o a<br /> o<br /> e’ ’<br /> u<br /> a o a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> o a o ’<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> gian f (x, y, t). C´c chuyˆ n lia thˆ hiˆn d˜ c´ mˆt su. thay dˆ i n`o d´ cua khˆng gian v`/ho˘c<br /> a<br /> e’<br /> e’ e a o o .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> u a<br /> o<br /> e’<br /> a a a<br /> e’<br /> o<br /> o<br /> a a<br /> th`.i gian gi˜.a c´c lia ([4]). C´ hai loai chuyˆ n lia l` c´c c˘t lia (chuyˆ n lia dˆt ngˆt) v` c´c<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> chuyˆ n lia t`. t`..<br /> e’<br /> u u<br /> ` o<br /> C´c thuˆt to´n ph´t hiˆn c˘t lia dˆu c´ chung muc d´ l` ph´t hiˆn t´ khˆng liˆn tuc<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e a<br /> e<br /> e ınh o<br /> e .<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> . ıch a a<br /> .<br /> .i gian trong nˆi dung h` anh cua mˆt chuˆi video. Trong d´ vˆ n dˆ then chˆt l` chon<br /> ˜<br /> ´ e<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> th`<br /> o<br /> o a `<br /> o a .<br /> o<br /> ınh ’<br /> o<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜ o<br /> `<br /> d˘c t´ (c´c d˘c t´<br /> a ınh a a ınh) dˆ biˆ u diˆn nˆi dung h` anh. D˘c t´ du.o.c chon cˆn biˆ u thi<br /> e’ e’<br /> e<br /> ınh ’<br /> a ınh<br /> a<br /> e’<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> . ˆ<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> CHUAN BI DU LIEU TRONG VIEC XAY DU NG<br /> . ˜<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 143<br /> <br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> c´c thuˆc t´ giˆng nhau nˆu c´c anh n˘ m trong c`ng mˆt lia, nhu.ng s˜ thay dˆ i r˜ rˆt nˆu<br /> a<br /> o ınh o<br /> e a ’<br /> a<br /> u<br /> o<br /> e<br /> o o e e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> `<br /> ch´ng n˘ m trong c´c lia kh´c nhau.<br /> u<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a o o o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e a<br /> Hiˆn nay d˜ c´ mˆt sˆ thuˆt to´n ph´t hiˆn c˘t lia ([2, 7, 11]), nhu. c´c thuˆt to´n du.a<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> .<br /> . m´.c pixel; thuˆt to´n du.a trˆn so s´nh d˘c t´ m`u, biˆ u dˆ m`u; c´c thuˆt<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> trˆn so s´nh o u<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a ınh a<br /> e’ o a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .a trˆn d˘c t´ canh; c´c thuˆt to´n du.a trˆn chuyˆ n dˆng cua dˆi tu.o.ng; c´c thuˆt<br /> ’ o<br /> ´<br /> ’ o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> to´n du<br /> a<br /> e a ınh .<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> e a<br /> o ’<br /> e<br /> a<br /> o o o o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> to´n du.a trˆn c´c tham sˆ cua video n´n; ngo`i ra, c`n c´ mˆt sˆ phu.o.ng ph´p nh˘ m v`o<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> u<br /> c´c d˘c t´ h` anh m´.c cao cua video...<br /> a a ınh ınh ’<br /> .<br /> ´ o<br /> ’ a `<br /> a<br /> a<br /> C´c t´c gia d˜ dˆ xuˆ t mˆt phu.o.ng ph´p ph´t<br /> a a<br /> e a<br /> .<br /> .i lia (PRL) ([9]) du.a trˆn viˆc d´nh<br /> e<br /> e a<br /> hiˆn gianh gi´<br /> e<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> o<br /> e’<br /> u<br /> e<br /> dˆ u du.`.ng di chuyˆ n camera qua v`ng nˆn khung<br /> a<br /> `<br /> ˜ e’<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> video, c`ng v´.i c´c k˜ thuˆt nh˘ m giam nhiˆu dˆ<br /> u<br /> o a y<br /> .<br /> ’ a<br /> t˘ng kha n˘ng ph´t hiˆn ch´ x´c gianh gi´.i c´c<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> ınh a<br /> o a<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> lia. K˜ thuˆt PRL n`y du.a trˆn hai co. so. sau:<br /> y<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> a u<br /> a<br /> e e a<br /> 1. Lu.a chon c´c v`ng d˘c biˆt trˆn c´c khung anh<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> o<br /> e’<br /> e’ a<br /> a<br /> video dˆ d´nh dˆ u du.`.ng di chuyˆ n cua camera<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> nh˘ m t˘ng hiˆu qua cho thuˆt to´n so s´nh gi˜.a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> c´c khung trong PRL;<br /> a<br /> a<br /> 2. Vˆn dung k˜ thuˆt n´n anh theo phu.o.ng ph´p<br /> a<br /> y<br /> a e ’<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ giam nho<br /> ’<br /> e<br /> Th´p Gauss (Gaussian Pyramid) [6, 8] dˆ ’<br /> a<br /> o ’<br /> k´ thu.´.c anh phuc vu cho PRL.<br /> ıch<br /> .<br /> .<br /> Khi mˆt lia du.o.c thu.c hiˆn t`. mˆt hoat dˆng<br /> o<br /> e u o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . o<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> camera, theo vˆt di chuyˆ n cua camera l` mˆt c´ch<br /> e<br /> e’ ’<br /> a o a<br /> ` o .<br /> H` 1. V`ng nˆn cˆ dinh<br /> ınh<br /> u<br /> e ´<br /> .<br /> u a<br /> o e’ a<br /> dˆ x´c dinh gianh gi´.i gi˜.a c´c lia. C´ thˆ l`m<br /> e’ a .<br /> o<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> `<br /> e a `<br /> a<br /> a<br /> du.o.c viˆc n`y b˘ ng c´ch d´nh dˆ u v`ng nˆn trong c´c khung video. V`ng nˆn (VNC) du.o.c<br /> a<br /> a u<br /> e<br /> a<br /> u<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> dinh ngh˜ nhu. H` 1. L´ do chon VNC trong c´c khung video c´ dang ch˜. π : (i) tru.´.c hˆt<br /> ıa<br /> ınh<br /> ı<br /> a<br /> o .<br /> u<br /> o e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .`.ng l` phˆn thˆ hiˆn c´c dˆi tu.o.ng hay c`n goi l` v`ng<br /> ’ e a o<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> a `<br /> a<br /> e .<br /> o<br /> o<br /> l` do phˆn d´y cua mˆt khung thu o<br /> a<br /> a a ’<br /> .<br /> . a u<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’ e ’<br /> ’ a<br /> cˆn canh, hay v`ng dˆi tu.o.ng (VDT); (ii) v`ng nˆn ch˜. nhˆt nho trˆn dınh phan ´nh chuyˆ n<br /> a ’<br /> u<br /> o<br /> u<br /> e<br /> u a<br /> e’<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’ a<br /> ’<br /> dˆng ngang cua camera; (iii) hai cˆt tr´i/ phai phan ´nh chuyˆ n dˆng doc cua camera. Kˆt<br /> o<br /> o a<br /> e’ o<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .p gi˜.a v`ng dınh v` c´c cˆt c´ thˆ vach ra chuyˆ n dˆng bˆ t k` theo hu.´.ng du.`.ng ch´o.<br /> ’ .<br /> ’ o<br /> ´ y<br /> ’<br /> a a o o e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> ho<br /> u u<br /> o<br /> o<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> e a<br /> a .<br /> e y<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e a<br /> u<br /> e<br /> o e’ .<br /> Du.a trˆn c´ch x´c dinh v`ng nˆn, ta c´ thˆ thu.c hiˆn k˜ thuˆt PRL thˆng qua viˆc x´c<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ` `<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> a u o u .<br /> dinh m´.c dˆ phˆn biˆt VNC cua hai khung liˆn kˆ. M˘c d` dˆ ph´.c tap cua thuˆt to´n c´<br /> u o a<br /> e<br /> e e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ e a<br /> u .<br /> a a . ’<br /> e<br /> e<br /> t˘ng, nhu.ng b` lai phu.o.ng ph´p n`y lai to ra hiˆu qua trˆn c´c phu.o.ng diˆn sau:<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> ’ a a o<br /> 1. Sˆ lu.o.ng ph´p so s´nh giam do k´ thu.´.c v`ng cˆn so s´nh khˆng phai l` to`n bˆ khung.<br /> o .<br /> e<br /> a<br /> ıch<br /> o u<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a .<br /> a<br /> e’<br /> o<br /> 2. Giam du.o.c ph´t hiˆn sai d´ng kˆ so v´.i mˆt sˆ phu.o.ng ph´p kh´c do c´c biˆn ph´p loc<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.c t´ liˆn tuc th`.i gian cua d`ng video v´.i c´c<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> o<br /> o<br /> o a<br /> nhiˆu (Muc 3.1) v` phˆn biˆt kh´ tˆt du . ınh e .<br /> e<br /> a a<br /> e<br /> a o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’n dˆng cua camera v`/ho˘c dˆi tu.o.ng.<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> chuyˆ o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ’ .<br /> a ınh<br /> e’<br /> e<br /> a<br /> Dˆ tiˆn so s´nh c´c v`ng nˆn, nˆn su. dung c´c h` chuyˆ n dang do k´o th˘ng VNC.<br /> e’ e<br /> a<br /> a u<br /> e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ o<br /> ’ ı e a<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ` n k´o th˘ng cua VNC du.o.c goi l` v`ng nˆn chuyˆ n dˆ i (k´ hiˆu l` VNCD); v` n´ l`<br /> ’<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a o a<br /> V`ng nˆ e<br /> u<br /> e<br /> a<br /> . . a u<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> ınh<br /> mˆt mang c´c pixel hai chiˆu, nhu. trong H` 2.<br /> o<br /> a<br /> e<br /> .<br /> <br /> ’<br /> `<br /> H` 2. V`ng nˆn chuyˆ n dˆ i<br /> ınh<br /> u<br /> e<br /> e’ o<br /> <br /> 144<br /> <br /> . .<br /> . .<br /> ˜<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> LU O NG XUAN CU O NG, DO TRUNG TUAN, DO XUAN TIEN<br /> <br /> `<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> Dˆ so s´nh nˆi dung hai v`ng nˆn, trong mˆt sˆ tru.`.ng ho.p cˆn du.a v`o viˆc so s´nh<br /> e’<br /> a<br /> o<br /> u<br /> e<br /> o o<br /> . `<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> .o.ng ph´p Th´p Gauss, quen thuˆc trong k˜<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> ı<br /> trung b` cua ch´ng. Ch´ng tˆi d˜ d`ng phu<br /> ınh ’<br /> u<br /> u<br /> o a u<br /> .<br /> ’n mˆt VNCD hai chiˆu th`nh mˆt d˜y c´c pixel (k´ hiˆu<br /> `<br /> e<br /> a<br /> o a a<br /> ı e<br /> thuˆt n´n anh. N´ cho ph´p chuyˆ<br /> a e ’<br /> o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ı e a<br /> ınh<br /> l` dayPixel) v` cuˆi c`ng s˜ chuyˆ n th`nh mˆt pixel do.n (k´ hiˆu l` dPixel). Theo h` 2,<br /> a<br /> a o u<br /> e<br /> e’<br /> a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> v`ng rˆng L*w s˜ du.o.c chia th`nh c´c cu.a sˆ ; qua mˆt sˆ lˆn ´p dung phu.o.ng ph´p n`y,<br /> u<br /> o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a ’ o<br /> o o ` a<br /> a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ´ a<br /> .<br /> a<br /> e’ ınh<br /> a a<br /> ınh a<br /> t´ du.o.c d˜y c´c pixel d˘c tru.ng cho trung b` m`u, dˆ t´ dPixel.<br /> ınh<br /> .<br /> .<br /> 2.2. Thuˆt to´n<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> Thuˆt to´n su. dung dayPixel v` dPixel dˆ PRL thˆ hiˆn trˆn h` 3. Hai giai doan dˆu<br /> a<br /> a ’ .<br /> e’<br /> e’ e<br /> e ınh<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . `<br /> .`.ng du.o.c su. dung dˆ kiˆ m tra nhanh cho nh˜.ng tru.`.ng ho.p r˜ r`ng. Chı khi n`o khˆng<br /> ’ e’<br /> ’ .<br /> ’<br /> e<br /> u<br /> thu o<br /> o<br /> a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> . o a<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> o ’ .<br /> o ’<br /> e<br /> ph´t hiˆn du.o.c m´.i su. dung dˆn giai doan 3. Thuˆt to´n du.o.c mˆ ta chi tiˆt nhu. sau:<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> ’ u<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> Giai doan 1. So s´nh pixel: Mˆt pixel trong mˆi VNC du.o.c so v´.i pixel o. c`ng vi tr´ v` mˆt<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ı a o<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ` ` o e o<br /> ´ ’<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> sˆ pixel lˆn cˆn (Vungp) trong VNC cua khung liˆn kˆ n´. Nˆu tˆ ng sˆ pixel trong hai VNC<br /> o<br /> a a<br /> e e<br /> o<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> o<br /> a .<br /> o<br /> ´<br /> kh´c nhau Khacp nho ho.n mˆt gi´ tri ngu.˜.ng (Khacp < N guongp), hai khung tu.o.ng u.ng<br /> a<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> u<br /> o<br /> a e o<br /> e<br /> v´.i hai VNC coi nhu. c`ng mˆt lia v` x´t t´.i khung tiˆp theo. Ngu.o.c lai, sang giai doan 2.<br /> o<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> <br /> H` 3. Mˆ ta thuˆt to´n<br /> ınh<br /> o ’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> ınh a<br /> e .<br /> 2. Giai doan 2. So s´nh c´c trung b` m`u dPixel: Nˆu su. kh´c nhau cua dPixel cua hai<br /> .<br /> khung (goi l` Khacd) chu.a vu.o.t qu´ ngu.˜.ng (Khacd < N guongd), hai khung coi nhu. c`ng<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .i khung tiˆp theo. Ngu.o.c lai, sang giai doan sau.<br /> ´<br /> e<br /> mˆt lia v` s˜ x´t t´<br /> o<br /> a e e o<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .˜.ng N guongp v` N guongd du.o.c chon theo kinh nghiˆm; t`y theo nˆi dung video.<br /> a<br /> e<br /> u<br /> o<br /> C´c ngu o<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’ ı u e ` o<br /> ’<br /> Ch˘ng han khi xu. l´ d˜. liˆu vˆ thˆng tin quang c´o, N guongp = 0, 15, N guongd = 0, 20.<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ` `<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> ınh a<br /> e<br /> a e<br /> Giai doan 3. So s´nh dayP ixel : T´ to´n xem hai khung chia se bao nhiˆu phˆn nˆn chung.<br /> .<br /> .o.c so s´nh b˘ ng c´ch dich ch´ng di theo chiˆu ngu.o.c lai nhu. trˆn h` 4. Mˆi<br /> ˜<br /> `<br /> `<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> u<br /> e ınh<br /> o<br /> e<br /> Hai dayP ixel du .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .´.c dich l` mˆt pixel v` s˜ t´ du.o.c sˆ diˆ m kh´.p nhau p tu.o.ng u.ng (sˆ c´c gi´ tri kh´.p<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> bu o .<br /> o<br /> a o<br /> a e ınh<br /> ´<br /> o a<br /> a . o<br /> .<br /> . o e<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> nhau liˆn tiˆp p cua dayP ixel cua khung i (dayP ixel i) v` cua khung i − 1 (dayP ixeli-1)).<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a ’<br /> <br /> . ˆ<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> CHUAN BI DU LIEU TRONG VIEC XAY DU NG<br /> . ˜<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 145<br /> <br /> `<br /> `<br /> V´ du trong bu.´.c dich dˆu tiˆn, gi´ tri pixel dˆu tiˆn cua dayP ixeli du.o.c so s´nh v´.i gi´ tri<br /> ı .<br /> o .<br /> a<br /> o a .<br /> a e<br /> a .<br /> a e ’<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> pixel cuˆi m cua dayP ixeli-1. Giai doan n`y kˆt th´c khi gi´ tri pixel cuˆi m cua dayP ixeli<br /> o<br /> a e<br /> u<br /> a .<br /> o<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´ ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> o a .<br /> du.o.c so v´.i gi´ tri pixel dˆu cua dayP ixeli-1. Nˆu sˆ cu.c dai cua tˆ t ca c´c gi´ tri diˆ m<br /> a<br /> e o .<br /> a . e’<br /> .<br /> . ’ a ’ a<br /> .p (pmax) l´.n ho.n chiˆu rˆng cua VNC (w ), hai khung coi nhu. c`ng mˆt lia v` s˜ x´t t´.i<br /> ` o<br /> ’<br /> o<br /> e .<br /> u<br /> o<br /> a e e o<br /> kh´<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .o.c lai, d˜ ph´t hiˆn mˆt chuyˆ n dˆ i lia gi˜.a hai khung.<br /> ’ o<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> a a<br /> e<br /> o<br /> e<br /> u<br /> khung tiˆp theo. Ngu . .<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> o .<br /> H` 4. Bu.´.c dich dˆu tiˆn v` cuˆi c`ng cua dayPixel<br /> ınh<br /> a<br /> e a o u<br /> ˜<br /> 2.3. Biˆn ph´p loc nhiˆu<br /> e<br /> a .<br /> e<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> Trong mˆi khung video c´ thˆ<br /> o<br /> o e’<br /> ´ a<br /> `<br /> nhˆn thˆ y r˘ ng c´c phˆn trung tˆm<br /> a<br /> a `<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> e<br /> a<br /> cua VNC l` rˆ t nhay v´.i nhiˆu. D˘c<br /> a a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .`.ng ho.p ng˘t canh<br /> ´<br /> a ’<br /> biˆt trong c´c tru o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> e’<br /> a<br /> o<br /> v` su. di chuyˆ n cua dˆi tu.o.ng v`o<br /> ı .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> o<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> VNC ho˘c dˆt ngˆt xuˆ t hiˆn v`<br /> a o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .´.ng vˆ k´ thu.´.c (cˆn canh).<br /> ` ıch<br /> ’<br /> b`nh tru o<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o<br /> a<br /> .<br /> `<br /> B˘ ng viˆc chon t´ to´n thˆm c´c<br /> a<br /> e<br /> ınh a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ a VNC nhu. trˆn H`<br /> e<br /> ınh<br /> v`ng g´c cu<br /> u<br /> o<br /> e’ .<br /> 5, s˜ c´ thˆm c´c thˆng tin dˆ loc<br /> e o e<br /> a<br /> o<br /> ˜<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> nhiˆu, giam du.o.c phˆn doan sai.<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> a . a<br /> ınh<br /> Ngo`i sˆ do gi´ tri m`u trung b`<br /> a o<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> xˆ p xı cua to`n bˆ VNCD l` dP ixel ,<br /> a ’ ’<br /> a o<br /> .<br /> c`n t´ thˆm c´c gi´ tri tu.o.ng u.ng<br /> o ınh e<br /> a a .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> cho g´c tr´i v` g´c phai (dP ixelT rai<br /> o a a o<br /> H` 5. Lu.a chon c´c v`ng g´c nˆn cua khung video<br /> ınh<br /> o `<br /> e ’<br /> .<br /> . a u<br /> v` dP ixelP hai).<br /> a<br /> ’<br /> ˜<br /> o<br /> e<br /> e’ .<br /> e<br /> a<br /> Trong thuˆt to´n d˜ tr` b`y (ii), bˆ sung thˆm Giai doan 4 dˆ loc nhiˆu. Sau khi d˜<br /> a<br /> a a ınh a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .c hiˆn xong Giai doan 3 v` ph´t hiˆn ra hai khung i v` j c´ kha n˘ng l` mˆt gianh gi´.i<br /> ’ a<br /> a a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a o<br /> o<br /> thu<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> a .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a a .<br /> gi˜.a hai lia. D˘t KhacT rai v` KhacP hai l` c´c su. kh´c nhau cua hai gi´ tri dP ixelT rai v`<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .a hai khung i v` j. Ch´ng du.o.c t´ nhu. sau<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> u<br /> cua hai gi´ tri dP ixelP hai gi˜<br /> a .<br /> u<br /> . ınh<br /> 100|dP ixelP haii − dP ixelP haij |<br /> KhacT rai =<br /> %<br /> (1)<br /> 2n<br /> ´<br /> o<br /> a o<br /> a ’ a<br /> trong d´, n l` sˆ bit m`u, o. dˆy ta chon n = 8.<br /> .<br /> .o.ng tu. t´ du.o.c KhacP hai. T`. d´ x´c dinh du.o.c gi´ tri kh´c nhau nho nhˆ t KhacGoc<br /> ´<br /> ’ a<br /> Tu<br /> ınh<br /> u o a .<br /> a . a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br />
ADSENSE

CÓ THỂ BẠN MUỐN DOWNLOAD

 

Đồng bộ tài khoản
2=>2