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Cơ chế máy học chấn đoán virus máy tính

Chia sẻ: Nguyễn Minh Vũ | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:10

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When computer virus wide spreads in the world nowadays, anti-virus needs to improve their identifying methods to enhance the performance. In this paper, we introduce a new method to diagnose computer virus. First, we analyse the characteristics of viral data type to define virus classes through object-oriented methods. Second, we study the machine learnning mechanism for each virus class. Finally, we apply these learning forms to a data processing stage of a machine learning anti-virus expert system. The experimentation results show that the machine learning approach is suitable for anti-virus to identify the computer virus. This approach also gives a new aspect of anti-virus technology.

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’<br /> Tap ch´ Tin hoc v` Diˆu khiˆn hoc, T.24, S.1 (2008), 32–41<br /> ı<br /> a `<br /> e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ˆ ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> INH<br /> CO CHE MAY HOC CHAN DOAN VIRUS MAY T´<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> HOANG KIEM1 , TRU O NG MINH NHAT QUANG2<br /> .<br /> 1<br /> <br /> Tru.o.ng Dai hoc Cˆng nghˆ Thˆng tin, DHQG TP.HCM<br /> `<br /> o<br /> e<br /> o<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> 2 Trung tˆm D`o tao Dai hoc Tai ch´.c Cˆn Tho.<br /> a<br /> a .<br /> u `<br /> a<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> <br /> Abstract. When computer virus wide spreads in the world nowadays, anti-virus needs to improve<br /> their identifying methods to enhance the performance. In this paper, we introduce a new method<br /> to diagnose computer virus. First, we analyse the characteristics of viral data type to define virus<br /> classes through object-oriented methods. Second, we study the machine learnning mechanism for each<br /> virus class. Finally, we apply these learning forms to a data processing stage of a machine learning<br /> anti-virus expert system. The experimentation results show that the machine learning approach<br /> is suitable for anti-virus to identify the computer virus. This approach also gives a new aspect of<br /> anti-virus technology.<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> T´m t˘t. Trong bˆi canh c´c hˆ thˆng m´y t´ thu.o.ng xuyˆn bi virus tˆn cˆng, c´c hˆ ph`ng<br /> o<br /> a<br /> o ’<br /> a e o<br /> a ınh<br /> `<br /> e<br /> a o<br /> a e<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.ng ph´p nhˆn dang v` t˘ng cu.o.ng hiˆu qua chˆ n do´n. Trong<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ a<br /> chˆng virus m´y t´ cˆn cai tiˆn phu<br /> o<br /> a ınh `<br /> a ’ e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a .<br /> a a<br /> `<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> b`i viˆt n`y ch´ ng tˆi gi´.i thiˆu phu.o.ng ph´p m´.i dˆ chˆ n do´n virus m´y t´<br /> a<br /> e a<br /> u<br /> o o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> o e a<br /> a<br /> a ınh. Dˆu tiˆn, virus<br /> a<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .o.c dinh ngh˜ hu.o.ng dˆi tu.o.ng theo d˘c tru.ng d˜. liˆu. Kˆ tiˆp, xˆy du.ng c´c mˆ h`<br /> ´ ´<br /> ´<br /> m´y t´ du . .<br /> a ınh<br /> ıa ´<br /> o<br /> a<br /> u e<br /> e e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o ınh<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’ y ’<br /> hoc th´ ho.p cho t`.ng l´.p virus. Cuˆi c` ng, ap dung c´c b`i to´n hoc v`o giai doan xu. l´ cua mˆt<br /> ıch .<br /> u<br /> o<br /> o u<br /> ´<br /> a a a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ng virus m´y t´ hu.o.ng tiˆp cˆn m´y hoc v` hˆ chuyˆn gia. Kˆt qua thu.c nghiˆm cho<br /> ´ a<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> hˆ ph`ng chˆ<br /> e o<br /> o<br /> a ınh ´<br /> e .<br /> a . a e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a a<br /> ıch .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a ınh, mo. ra hu.o.ng nghiˆn c´.u<br /> ´<br /> e u<br /> thˆy phu.o.ng ph´p n`y th´ ho.p cho b`i to´n nhˆn dang virus m´y t´<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> m´.i trong cˆng nghˆ anti-virus ng`y nay.<br /> o<br /> o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> <br /> ´.<br /> ˆ<br /> 1. GIO I THIEU<br /> .<br /> Internet l` mˆi tru.`.ng thuˆn lo.i cho virus m´y t´ lˆy lan trˆn diˆn rˆng. M˘c d` c´c<br /> a o<br /> o<br /> a .<br /> a ınh a<br /> e<br /> e o<br /> a u a<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .ng cˆp nhˆt v` ph´t triˆ n, c´c hˆ<br /> ´<br /> hˆ ph`ng chˆng virus (AV, Anti-virus software) khˆng ng`<br /> e o<br /> o<br /> o<br /> u<br /> a<br /> a a a<br /> e’<br /> a e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜n thu.`.ng xuyˆn bi virus xˆm nhˆp, d´nh c˘p v` ph´ huy d˜. liˆu. Do d´<br /> ´ a a ’ u e<br /> ´<br /> thˆng m´y t´ vˆ<br /> o<br /> a ınh a<br /> o<br /> e .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´ .<br /> ’ e<br /> e a<br /> a ınh, bao vˆ an to`n d˜. liˆu cho c´c hˆ<br /> a u e<br /> a e<br /> cˆn nghiˆn c´.u cai tiˆn co. chˆ nhˆn dang virus m´y t´<br /> a<br /> e u ’ e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .i c´c phu.o.ng ph´p d˜ biˆt, ch´ng tˆi giai quyˆt<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> thˆng cˆng nghˆ thˆng tin (CNTT). Kh´c v´ a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> e o<br /> a o<br /> a a e<br /> u<br /> o ’<br /> e<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´ .<br /> b`i to´n nhˆn dang virus m´y t´ theo hu.´.ng tiˆp cˆn m´y hoc. Dˆu tiˆn ch´ng tˆi dinh<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a ınh<br /> o<br /> e a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> u<br /> o .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .´.ng dˆi tu.o.ng 5 l´.p virus co. ban A, B, C, D v` E du.a v`o d˘c tru.ng d˜. liˆu cua<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ngh˜ hu o<br /> ıa<br /> o<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a a<br /> u e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .ng c´c b`i to´n hoc cho c´c l´.p virus du.a v`o c´c k˜ thuˆt hoc quy<br /> ch´ng. Sau d´ xˆy du<br /> u<br /> o a<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> a a y<br /> a .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´ .<br /> ’ a<br /> a . ınh o<br /> nap, hoc chı dˆn, hoc vet, hoc tu.o.ng tu. v` hoc t` huˆng. Dˆ d´nh gi´ tiˆp cˆn, ch´ng tˆi<br /> e’ a<br /> a e a<br /> u<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .p 5 b`i to´n hoc v`o hˆ ph`ng chˆng virus m´y t´ hu.´.ng tiˆp cˆn m´y hoc v` hˆ<br /> ´<br /> ´ .<br /> t´ ho<br /> ıch .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a ınh<br /> o<br /> e a<br /> a<br /> . a e o<br /> .<br /> . a e<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> chuyˆn gia MAV (Machine Learning Approach to Anti-virus Expert System). Kˆt qua thu.c<br /> e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> ´ .<br /> ´<br /> nghiˆm cho thˆ y hˆ nhˆn dang ch´ x´c c´c virus d˜ cˆp nhˆt v` du. do´n trˆn 91% biˆn thˆ<br /> e<br /> a e a .<br /> ınh a a<br /> a a<br /> a a . a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e’<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .i.<br /> virus m´<br /> o<br /> <br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´ ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> CO CHE MAY HOC CHAN DOAN VIRUS MAY T´<br /> INH<br /> .<br /> <br /> 33<br /> <br /> ’<br /> ˆ<br /> 2. TONG QUAN<br /> `<br /> 2.1. Kh´i niˆm vˆ virus m´y t´<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a ınh<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> Virus m´y t´ (computer virus, trong b`i n`y goi t˘t l` virus) l` loai chu.o.ng tr` m´y<br /> a ınh<br /> a a . a a<br /> a .<br /> ınh a<br /> .o.c thiˆt kˆ dˆ thu.c hiˆn c´c chı thi cua n´ sau chu.o.ng tr` kh´c [1]. B´ mˆt sao ch´p ban<br /> ´ e e’ .<br /> ´<br /> ’ . ’ o<br /> du .<br /> e<br /> e a<br /> ınh a<br /> ı a<br /> e ’<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . m´y n`y sang m´y kh´c, l`m suy giam n˘ng<br /> ’<br /> thˆn n´ v`o c´c hˆ thˆng m´y t´<br /> a o a a e o<br /> a ınh, virus lˆy t` a a<br /> a u<br /> a<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> . ´<br /> .c hoat dˆng hˆ thˆng v` xˆm pham d˜. liˆu ngu.`.i d`ng. Theo Bordera [2], virus m´y t´<br /> lu<br /> e o<br /> a a<br /> u e<br /> o u<br /> a ınh<br /> .<br /> . o<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . chı thi, thˆng tin, d˜. liˆu ho˘c chu.o.ng tr` l`m suy giam t´ ho`n thiˆn cua<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> o<br /> u e<br /> a<br /> ınh a<br /> ınh a<br /> e<br /> l`: “bˆ t c´ ’ .<br /> a<br /> a u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’m ho˘c ph´ huy, ho˘c gh´p ban thˆn n´ v`o<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> t`i nguyˆn m´y t´<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a ınh, l`m vˆ hiˆu, gˆy nguy hiˆ<br /> a<br /> o e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a o a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> t`i nguyˆn cua m´y t´ kh´c v` thi h`nh khi chu.o.ng tr` m´y t´ thi h`nh”.<br /> a<br /> e ’<br /> a ınh a a<br /> a<br /> ınh a ınh<br /> a<br /> Ch´ng tˆi phˆn loai virus du.a v`o d˘c tru.ng d˜. liˆu theo 5 l´.p nhu. sau:<br /> u<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a a<br /> u e<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .p A (stand Alone program): c´c loai sˆu tr` c´ dinh dang u.ng dung dˆc lˆp.<br /> - L´<br /> o<br /> a<br /> ınh o .<br /> o a<br /> . a<br /> . ´<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .p B (Boot record): c´c loai virus lˆy v`o mˆu tin kho.i dˆng hˆ thˆng.<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ’ o<br /> e o<br /> - L´<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ` .<br /> - L´.p C (asCii text): c´c loai virus, sˆu tr` c´ m˜ nguˆ n dang script.<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> ınh o a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .p D (Document): c´c loai macro virus lˆy v`o tu. liˆu Microsoft Office.<br /> - L´<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a a<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .p E (Executable): c´c loai virus lˆy v`o c´c tˆp tin thi h`nh.<br /> a<br /> a a a a<br /> a<br /> - L´<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ` a<br /> 2.2. Tˆ ng quan vˆ b`i to´n nhˆn dang v` du. b´o virus m´y t´<br /> o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a . a<br /> a ınh<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ a<br /> e<br /> Nhˆn dang virus m´y t´ l` qu´ tr` t` kiˆm c´c mˆ ta d˘c tru.ng virus trong thu. viˆn<br /> a .<br /> a ınh a a ınh ım e<br /> o ’ a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ˜u trˆn tˆp chˆ n do´n [3]. N˘m 1995, Lo v` cˆng su. [4] gi´.i thiˆu phu.o.ng ph´p loc m˜ dˆc<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> mˆ<br /> a<br /> e a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e<br /> a .<br /> a o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .a v`o phˆn t´ d˘c tru.ng v` thuˆc t´<br /> .o.ng ph´p n`y c´ u.u diˆ m l` do.n gian nhu.ng<br /> ’ a<br /> ’<br /> du a<br /> a ıch a<br /> a<br /> o ınh. Phu<br /> a a o<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ a<br /> e a<br /> kha n˘ng du. b´o virus m´.i c`n han chˆ. N˘m 1996, IBM dˆ xuˆ t phu.o.ng ph´p thˆng kˆ dˆ<br /> a<br /> o o<br /> e a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e e’<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . dˆng [5]. Do dˆu ra chı l` c´c chuˆi m˜ tr´ chon nˆn chu.a<br /> ˜<br /> ˜<br /> `<br /> ’ a a<br /> tr´ chon chuˆi nhˆn dang tu o<br /> ıch .<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o a ıch .<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> . b´o du.o.c dˆi tu.o.ng c´ phai l` m˜ dˆc hay khˆng. N˘m 1998, Spafford gi´.i thiˆu phu.o.ng<br /> ´<br /> ’ a a o<br /> du a<br /> o<br /> e<br /> o<br /> a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> . o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ a sˆu tr` Internet trˆn co. so. d˜. liˆu (CSDL) m˜ thu.c<br /> ’ u e<br /> a .<br /> ph´p phˆn t´ qu´ tr` lˆy lan cu a<br /> a<br /> a ıch a ınh a<br /> ınh<br /> e<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> thi, c´ch lˆy v` vi tr´ c´c n´t mang bi tˆ n cˆng dˆ du. b´o c´c t` huˆng tu.o.ng tu. trˆn c´c<br /> a<br /> a a . ı a u<br /> a o<br /> e’ . a a ınh o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . e a<br /> .o.ng ph´p n`y chay chˆm, chi ph´ cao, dˆ qu´ tai khi mo. rˆng danh s´ch<br /> ˜ a ’<br /> ’ o<br /> n´t kh´c [6]. Phu<br /> u<br /> a<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> ı<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . dung mˆ h` mang tr´ tuˆ nhˆn tao ANN<br /> ’<br /> o ınh .<br /> ı e a .<br /> c´c n´t mang v` sˆu tr`<br /> a u<br /> a a<br /> ınh. N˘m 2000, IBM su .<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .p c´c mˆu tin kho.i dˆng (MTKD). Kˆt qua nhˆn dang<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ’ o<br /> ’<br /> (Artificial Neural Networks) phˆn l´ a<br /> a o<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.c 80–85% c´c virus la v´.i sai sˆ du.´.i 1% trˆn c´c mˆu du.o.ng [7]. Tuy nhiˆn khi ´p dung<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o o<br /> e a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> du .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ANN cho c´c dˆi tu.o.ng thi h`nh Win32, c´c chuyˆn gia IBM c˜ng chu.a du.a ra du.o.c minh<br /> a o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ch´.ng thuyˆt phuc n`o cho hu.´.ng nghiˆn c´.u n`y [8]. N˘m 2001, G. Matthew v` cˆng su.<br /> u<br /> e<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e u<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´ kˆt qua nhˆn dang m˜ dˆc Win32 b˘ ng k˜ thuˆt hoc quy nap Find-S (dat 87.35%)<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> cˆng bˆ e<br /> o<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> a<br /> y<br /> a .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> v` phˆn l´.p Nave Bayes (dat 96.7%) [9]. Tuy nhiˆn do c´c thuˆt to´n chuˆ n h´a d˜. liˆu ph´.c<br /> a a o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a o u e<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . cho 4266 mˆu thu. (3265 m˜ dˆc v` 1001 u.ng dung) nhu.ng hoat<br /> ˜<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> tap, cˆn dˆn 1 GB bˆ nh´<br /> a e<br /> o o<br /> a<br /> a o a<br /> ´<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.ng chu.a du.o.c phˆn l´.p nˆn phu.o.ng ph´p n`y c´ han chˆ<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ e a o<br /> dˆng k´m hiˆu qua trˆn c´c dˆi tu .<br /> o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a o e<br /> a a o .<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> ` m˘t thu.c tiˆn.<br /> vˆ a<br /> e .<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> 3. CO CHE MAY HOC CHAN DOAN VIRUS MAY T´<br /> INH<br /> .<br /> ’ u<br /> ’<br /> 3.1. Tˆ ch´.c co. so. tri th´.c<br /> o<br /> u<br /> ´<br /> M´y hoc (machine learning) l` l´ thuyˆt xˆy du.ng c´c hˆ chu.o.ng tr` tu. kh´m ph´ tri<br /> a<br /> a y<br /> e a<br /> a e<br /> ınh .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 34<br /> <br /> . .<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> HOANG KIEM, TRU O NG MINH NHA T QUANG<br /> .<br /> <br /> ´<br /> ’ a<br /> e<br /> u<br /> a ıch, ’ y ıch .<br /> th´.c b˘ ng c´c cˆ u tr´c d˜. liˆu v` thuˆt giai d˘c biˆt, gi´p phˆn t´ xu. l´, tr´ chon, chi<br /> u `<br /> a<br /> a a<br /> u u e a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . liˆu v` hˆ tro. quyˆt dinh liˆn quan dˆn kinh nghiˆm cua con ngu.`.i. Mˆt sˆ k˜<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> tiˆt h´a d˜ e a o .<br /> e o u .<br /> e .<br /> o<br /> o o y<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> .p cho c´c tru.`.ng ho.p cˆn tham khao y kiˆn<br /> ´<br /> ’ ´ e<br /> thuˆt hoc c´ thˆ sinh luˆt chuyˆn gia, th´ ho<br /> a . o e’<br /> a<br /> e<br /> ıch .<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . `<br /> .c cu thˆ v` chuyˆn sˆu [10]. Nguyˆn liˆu d`nh cho c´c hˆ hoc<br /> ’ a<br /> chuyˆn gia trong c´c l˜ vu . e<br /> e<br /> a ınh .<br /> e a<br /> e e a<br /> a e .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . so. tri th´.c (CSTT, knowledge base), ch´.a c´c su. kiˆn mˆ ta d˜. liˆu v` c´c luˆt nhˆn<br /> ’<br /> ’ u e a a<br /> l` co<br /> a<br /> u<br /> u a . e<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> dang.<br /> .<br /> ´ .<br /> ` .<br /> `<br /> ’ y a<br /> Trong tiˆp cˆn m´y hoc, tri th´.c virus ch´.a thˆng tin vˆ loai virus cˆn xu. l´, c´c mˆ ta<br /> e a<br /> a<br /> u<br /> u<br /> o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> o ’<br /> .<br /> .o.ng, c´c luˆt nhˆn dang v` dang th´.c d˜. liˆu m` virus nh˘m<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> h`nh vi cua virus trˆn dˆi tu .<br /> a<br /> e o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a .<br /> u u e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . dung mˆ h` l´.p (class) ch´.a c´c virus c´ c`ng d˘c tru.ng d˜. liˆu. Mˆi l´.p<br /> ˜ o<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> v`o. MAV su .<br /> a<br /> o ınh o<br /> u a<br /> o u<br /> u e<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.ng u.ng v´.i mˆt l´.p d˜. liˆu chˆ n do´n [11] du.o.c dinh ngh˜ hu.´.ng dˆi tu.o.ng nhu. o.<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> ıa o<br /> o<br /> virus tu<br /> ´<br /> o o o u e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> H` 1.<br /> ınh<br /> <br /> ’ .<br /> Dang tri th´.c th´. hai du.o.c mˆ ta trong CSTT l` tˆp luˆt nhˆn dang. MAV su. dung mˆt<br /> u<br /> u<br /> o ’<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . viˆn mˆ ta d˘c tru.ng virus du.´.i dang tˆp c´c vector VK = {v1 , v2, ..., vk} v` ´p dung ph´p<br /> o ’ a<br /> o .<br /> a a<br /> aa .<br /> e<br /> thu e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> truy vˆ n c´c vecto. vi trong tˆp d˜. liˆu S theo c´c luˆt dˆn xuˆ t dang: R : p1∧p2∧...∧pn → q,<br /> a a<br /> a u e<br /> a a a<br /> a .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ˜<br /> .ng cho tˆp thuˆc t´ virus, q l` kˆt luˆn cua qu´ tr` suy diˆn.<br /> ˜<br /> ´ a<br /> ’<br /> trong d´ pi d˘c tru<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o ınh<br /> a e<br /> a ınh<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> 3.2. Phˆn hoach b`i to´n chˆ n do´n virus m´y t´<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a ınh<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’ a o<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> u e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a ınh<br /> Du.a v`o d˘c tru.ng nhˆn dang cua c´c l´.p d˜. liˆu, b`i to´n chˆ n do´n virus m´y t´<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.c phˆn th`nh c´c b`i to´n con, su. dung c´c k˜ thuˆt hoc t`. do.n gian dˆn ph´.c tap nhu.<br /> ´<br /> ’ .<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a a a<br /> a y<br /> a . u<br /> du .<br /> e<br /> u .<br /> .<br /> sau:<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> - B`i to´n 1: chˆ n do´n l´.p C (asCii text files) theo co. chˆ hoc vet.<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> e . .<br /> .p D (Document files) theo co. chˆ hoc tu.o.ng tu..<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> - B`i to´n 2: chˆ n do´n l´<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> e .<br /> a o<br /> .<br /> .p B (Boot record) theo co. chˆ hoc chı dˆn.<br /> ’<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ’ a<br /> - B`i to´n 3: chˆ n do´n l´<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> e .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> - B`i to´n 4: chˆ n do´n l´.p E (Executable files) theo co. chˆ hoc t` huˆng.<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> e . ınh o<br /> ’n do´n l´.p A (stand Alone program) theo co. chˆ hoc quy nap.<br /> ´<br /> - B`i to´n 5: chˆ<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> e .<br /> .<br /> ˜i b`i to´n su. dung co. so. d˜. liˆu (CSDL) virus mˆu d˘c th` tu.o.ng u.ng cua l´.p:<br /> ˜ a<br /> ’ .<br /> ’ u e<br /> ’ o<br /> Mˆ a a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> u<br /> ´<br /> .<br /> .<br /> S = {SA , SB , SC , SD , SE }<br /> <br /> ˜<br /> v´.i SA , SB , SC , SD v` SE l` CSDL virus mˆu cua c´c l´.p; aObject, bObject, cObject, dObject<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a ’ a o<br /> . liˆu trong khˆng gian chˆ n do´n cua mˆi b`i to´n, theo th´. tu. d´.<br /> ’<br /> ˜<br /> e’<br /> u .<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a ’<br /> o a a<br /> u . o<br /> v` eObject l` c´c diˆ m d˜ e<br /> a<br /> a a<br /> ’<br /> 3.3. C´c b`i to´n chˆ n do´n virus m´y t´<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a ınh<br /> ’<br /> 3.3.1. B`i to´n 1: chˆ n do´n l´.p virus C-class<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> .p C lˆy nhiˆm b˘ ng c´ch ch`n ho˘c tao m´.i cˆu lˆnh script v`o dˆi tu.o.ng. Goi:<br /> ˜<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> Virus l´<br /> o<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a .<br /> o a e<br /> a o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.ng chˆ n do´n.<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> T = {ai , c|i = 32, ..., 127; c ∈ N } l` dˆi tu .<br /> a o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .o.ng lˆy nhiˆm (virus).<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> V = {bj , m|i = 32, ..., 127; n ∈ N } l` dˆi tu .<br /> a o<br /> a<br /> e<br /> . cua T , c l` k´ thu.´.c (sˆ k´ tu.) cua T, b l` tˆp k´ tu. cua virus<br /> ´ y .<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> trong d´ ai l` tˆp k´ tu<br /> o<br /> a a y .<br /> a ıch<br /> o<br /> o<br /> y . ’<br /> j a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .´.c cua V v` N l` tˆp sˆ nguyˆn du.o.ng. T nhiˆm virus V khi v` chı khi<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> V, m l` k´ thu o<br /> a ıch<br /> a<br /> a a o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a ’<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´ ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> CO CHE MAY HOC CHAN DOAN VIRUS MAY T´<br /> INH<br /> .<br /> <br /> 35<br /> <br /> V ⊆ T.<br /> ´.<br /> ˜ ´<br /> ’<br /> o o o<br /> a<br /> Goi SC = {V1, V2, ..., Vn} l` CSDL l´.p C . U ng v´.i mˆi dˆi tu.o.ng chˆ n do´n T , x´c dinh:<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .`.ng ho.p 1: T ⊃ V ∀i = 1..n, kˆt luˆn T nhiˆm virus V (t´.c l` T = T ∪ V ):<br /> ˜<br /> ´ a<br /> • Tru o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> i<br /> i u<br /> 0<br /> .<br /> .<br /> a `<br /> a u ’<br /> - X´c dinh T0 = CT (Vi) = T \Vi∀CT (Vi) l` phˆn b` cua Vi trong T<br /> a .<br /> - Loai bo virus: Vi ← {φ}.<br /> . ’<br /> .`.ng ho.p 2: T = V ∀i = 1..n, kˆt luˆn dˆi tu.o.ng T l` sˆu tr` V . Do sˆu tr` khˆng<br /> ´ a o<br /> ´<br /> • Tru o<br /> e<br /> a a<br /> ınh i<br /> a<br /> ınh o<br /> i<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ (T0 = {φ}) nˆn thu.c hiˆn Vi ← {φ}.<br /> c´ vˆt chu<br /> o a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> Ban chˆ t cua b`i to´n chˆ n do´n C -class l` hoc vet. Tri th´.c virus du.o.c chuyˆn gia cung<br /> a ’ a a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a . .<br /> u<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .´.i dang . Thuˆt giai do.n gian, c´ dˆ ph´.c tap<br /> ˜<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> cˆ p du o .<br /> a<br /> a u e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o o u .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .i k´ thu.´.c d˜. liˆu v` sˆ mˆu virus c´ trong S . Tuy nhiˆn thuˆt to´n khˆng<br /> ´ ˜<br /> ’ e o<br /> O(n) ty lˆ v´ ıch<br /> o u e a o a<br /> o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> C<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .a ra kh˘ng dinh du.o.ng khi c´ virus m´.i. Do virus text c´ tˆp lˆnh han chˆ v` ´ phˆ biˆn<br /> ’ ´<br /> ’<br /> ´ a ıt o e<br /> du<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> o a e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> nˆn hoc vet l` lu.a chon ph` ho.p trong giai doan hiˆn nay. Trong tu.o.ng lai khi lu.o.ng virus<br /> e<br /> a .<br /> u .<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ’ o<br /> ’<br /> text du l´.n, c´ thˆ thay b˘ ng c´c mˆ h` hoc du.a x´c suˆ t trˆn d˜. liˆu v˘n ban nhu. Nave<br /> o e’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o ınh .<br /> a<br /> a e u e a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> Bayes.<br /> ’<br /> 3.3.2. B`i to´n 2: chˆ n do´n l´.p virus D-class<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> <br /> ’ .<br /> D − class l` l´.p c´c virus macro su. dung tˆp m˜ lˆnh VBA (Visual Basic Application) dˆ<br /> a o a<br /> a<br /> a e<br /> e’<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .`.ng MSOffice [12]. Kh´c v´.i c´c macro thˆng thu.`.ng thi h`nh nh`.<br /> ˜<br /> a o a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> a<br /> o<br /> lˆy nhiˆm trˆn mˆi tru o<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o<br /> . thi h`nh b˘ ng c´c thu tuc trigger (nhu. AutoExec). Chı c´ c´c<br /> `<br /> ’ .<br /> ’ o a<br /> lˆnh Run, c´c virus macro tu<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> tu. liˆu n`o su. dung macro m´.i c´ nguy co. ch´.a virus macro (H` 2).<br /> e a ’ .<br /> o o<br /> u<br /> ınh<br /> .<br /> `<br /> Trong mˆ h` hoc kh´m ph´ tu.o.ng dˆ ng, c´c h`m R nhˆn dang c´ dang:<br /> o ınh .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> o .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> (Xi = Vi) ∧ ... ∧ (Xk = Vk )<br /> <br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> trong d´ mˆi Xj l` c´c biˆn, Vj l` c´c gi´ tri c´ thˆ c´ cua c´c biˆn n`y, c´c ph´p tuyˆ n cua<br /> o o<br /> a a<br /> e<br /> a a a . o e’ o ’ a<br /> e a a<br /> e<br /> e’ ’<br /> .ng gi´ tri c´ thˆ c´, ho˘c tˆp cua nh˜.ng gi´ tri n`y.<br /> ’ o<br /> ’<br /> nh˜<br /> u<br /> a . o e<br /> a a<br /> u<br /> a . a<br /> . .<br /> ’<br /> ´i v´.i dˆi tu.o.ng chˆ n do´n dObject khi c´c gi´ tri cua c´c<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> Mˆt h`m R c´ tri TRUE dˆ o o<br /> o a<br /> o .<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a . ’ a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .ng h`m d´. Ngo`i ra, h`m tra vˆ tri FALSE. Trong khˆng<br /> ´ ’<br /> ’ ` .<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o<br /> biˆn cua dObject l` mˆt trong nh˜<br /> e<br /> a o<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .o.ng, khi h`m R nhˆn dang nhiˆu ho.n mˆt dˆi tu.o.ng, tˆp con cua<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> gian chˆ n do´n N dˆi tu .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o o<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.c nhˆn dang bo.i R. Ngu.o.c lai, cho mˆt tˆp con c´c<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> o a<br /> a<br /> c´c gi´ tri m` n´ nhˆn dang goi l` du .<br /> a<br /> a . a o a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> . .<br /> ’ .<br /> `<br /> ´i tu.o.ng, ta c´ thˆ tao mˆt h`m nhˆn dang du.o.c ph´t sinh bo.i tˆp con n`y b˘ ng c´ch lˆ y<br /> ´<br /> ’ a<br /> dˆ<br /> o<br /> o e<br /> o a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ ’<br /> ph´p tuyˆ n c´c gi´ tri cua c´c biˆn cua ch´ng [13].<br /> e<br /> e’ a<br /> a . ’ a<br /> e<br /> u<br /> ˜ ´<br /> ´<br /> Trong khˆng gian SD, hˆ s˜ xˆy du.ng c´c h`m R cho mˆi dˆi tu.o.ng dObject. Nˆu R nhˆn<br /> o<br /> e e a<br /> a a<br /> o o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.c Vj (tu.o.ng u.ng v´.i n´t l´ ”Virus macro”), kˆt luˆn dObject nhiˆm virus d˜ biˆt:<br /> ˜<br /> ´ a<br /> ´<br /> dang du .<br /> ´<br /> o u a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> R : (X1 = true) ∧ (X2 = true) ∧ (X3 = true) ∧ (X4 = true) ∧ (X4+i = true) ∀i = 1..n.<br /> <br /> ˜<br /> ´ a<br /> Ngu.o.c lai, c´ thˆ kˆt luˆn dObject nhiˆm mˆt loai virus macro m´.i.<br /> e<br /> o<br /> o<br /> . . o e’ e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> H` 3a v` 3b mˆ ta c´c luˆt nhˆn dang virus macro c˜ v` m´.i theo co. chˆ hoc tu.o.ng<br /> ınh<br /> a<br /> o ’ a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> u a o<br /> e .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .. B`i to´n chˆ n do´n D − class c´ thˆ nhˆn dang dˆn 98% c´c macro la (2% thˆ t bai do<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> tu<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o e’ a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .`.i d`ng). Tuy nhiˆn k˜ thuˆt n`y khˆng ph´t hiˆn du.o.c c´c virus chen gi˜.a<br /> ’<br /> password cua ngu o u<br /> e y<br /> a a<br /> o<br /> a e<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> . tao. Hu.´.ng giai quyˆt l` thiˆt lˆp bˆ tinh chınh luˆt du.´.i dang t`y chon diˆu<br /> ´ a<br /> ´ a o<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> c´c macro tu .<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e<br /> e .<br /> a<br /> o .<br /> u<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> `<br /> khiˆ n trang th´i c´c mˆnh dˆ “dObject khˆng c´ macro tu. tao” v` “Dˆ ng y x´a macro.”<br /> e’<br /> a a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o<br /> o<br /> a<br /> o ´ o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> <br /> 36<br /> <br /> . .<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> HOANG KIEM, TRU O NG MINH NHA T QUANG<br /> .<br /> <br /> H` 2. Phˆn loai tu. liˆu MSOffice v` c´c h`m R nhˆn dang virus macro<br /> ınh<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a a a<br /> a .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> ’<br /> 3.3.3. B`i to´n 3: chˆ n do´n l´.p virus B-class<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ’ o u ıa. a<br /> L´.p B ch´.a c´c boot virus lˆy v`o c´c MTKD trˆn sector dˆu tiˆn cua tˆ ch´.c d˜ B`i<br /> o<br /> u a<br /> a a a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> .o.c giai quyˆt theo hu.´.ng phˆn t´ h`nh vi [14] nhu. sau:<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> to´n chˆ n do´n B − class du .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o<br /> a ıch a<br /> ’ ´ ’ a<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> a e a a<br /> o e<br /> • Tˆ ch´.c 2 CSDL ch´.a c´c boot virus d˜ biˆt v` c´c MTKD sach phˆ biˆn cua c´c HDH.<br /> o u<br /> u a<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> • Cung cˆ p 2 tˆp miˆn (domain theory) dinh ngh˜ h`nh vi cua boot virus v` MTKD sach.<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> ıa a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> V´ du:<br /> ı .<br /> Bootvirus ← GetM emSize, DecM emSize, SetM emSize, SetM emV i, M ovV iCode<br /> GetM emSize ← ReadM em, GetV alue<br /> DecM emSize ← SetN ewSize, W riteM em(...)<br /> <br /> ´<br /> ´ .<br /> ’<br /> • Tai bObject v`o khˆng gian t` kiˆm l` mˆt cˆy nhi phˆn c´ n´t gˆc d˘c ta diˆ m v`o lˆnh.<br /> a<br /> o<br /> ım e a o a<br /> a e<br /> .<br /> . a o u o a ’ e’<br /> .<br /> .. N´t con l` c´c lˆnh r˜ hu.´.ng v` nhay. N´t l´ l` c´c diˆ m<br /> ˜ a e<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> Nh´nh biˆ u diˆn c´c lˆnh tuˆn tu u<br /> a<br /> e’<br /> e<br /> a .<br /> a a e<br /> e o<br /> a<br /> u a a a<br /> e’<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .ng. C´c lˆnh l˘p xu. l´ nhu. lˆnh tuˆn tu. v`o-ra trˆn cˆy con cuc bˆ (H` 4).<br /> `<br /> ’ y<br /> d`<br /> u<br /> a e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a . a<br /> e a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . o ınh<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ ım e<br /> ’<br /> • Ap dung thuˆt giai t` kiˆm, thu thˆp c´c h`nh vi cua bObject v`o danh s´ch t´c vu:<br /> a<br /> a a a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . nhˆ t, thˆng b´o t` trang<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ’ a<br /> ’ a<br /> - Nˆu danh s´ch phan ´nh dˆy du c´c mˆ ta cua tˆp miˆn th´<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o ’ ’ a<br /> e<br /> u a<br /> o<br /> a ınh .<br /> .<br /> . l´ bˆnh, b´o c´o kˆt qua, kˆt th´c qu´ tr`<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’ e<br /> nhiˆm virus cua bObject, xu y e<br /> e<br /> a a e<br /> u<br /> a ınh.<br /> .<br /> ´ a<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’ a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> - Nˆu danh s´ch phan ´nh c´c mˆ ta cua tˆp miˆn th´. hai, kˆt luˆn bObject an to`n.<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o ’ ’ a<br /> e<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> - Ngo`i ra, bObject c´ t` trang bˆ t thu.`.ng (virus m´.i, sector hong, dinh dang la...).<br /> a<br /> o ınh .<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.ng v`o CSDL tu.o.ng u.ng.<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> • Kˆt th´c qu´ tr`<br /> e<br /> u<br /> a ınh, cˆp nhˆt thˆng tin dˆi tu .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> a<br /> ´<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´ .<br /> ’ a o o o<br /> So v´.i mˆ h` mang no.ron [7], chˆ n do´n boot virus theo co. chˆ hoc chı dˆn c´ tˆc dˆ<br /> o o ınh .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e .<br /> .o.ng du.o.ng th`.i gian kho.i dˆng d˜ mˆm trˆng) v` ch´ x´c ho.n (nhˆn dang 96%<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ’ o<br /> o<br /> ıa e<br /> o<br /> a ınh a<br /> a<br /> nhanh (tu<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> boot virus la) [15]. Tuy nhiˆn phu.o.ng ph´p n`y c´ nhu.o.c diˆ m l` ph´.c tap trong c`i d˘t [16].<br /> e<br /> a a o<br /> e’ a u .<br /> a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br />
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