Đề cương ôn tập thi tốt nghiệp 2010 - ngữ pháp tiếng anh

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Nội dung Text: Đề cương ôn tập thi tốt nghiệp 2010 - ngữ pháp tiếng anh

TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 Đề cương ôn tập thi tốt nghiệp 2010 - ngữ pháp tiếng anh 1
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 1. TENSES 1. Present simple ( Hieän taïi ñôn ) a. Form ( hình thöùc)  Khaúngñònh: I / you / we / they + verb …… He / she / it + verb (+ s / es )……  Phuûñònh: I / you / we / they + don’t + verb…. He / she / it + doesn’t + verb……  Nghi vaán: Do + I / you / we / they + verb…..? Does + he / she / it + verb……? b. Use ( caùch duøng )  Dieãntaûhaønhñoängxaûyra thöôøngxuyeânhoaëcmoätthoùi quenôû hieäntaïi. Ex: Do you often go to the cinema ? We sometimes go sailing at weekends. He smokes twenty cigarettes a day. We go to the country every weekend.  Cách nhận biết: always (luoânluoân), rarely/seldom (hieámkhi), often (thöôøng), never (khoângbaogiôø), usually/generally (thöôøngthöôøng), every + time (haèng,moïi ….) sometimes (thænhthoaûng), once / twice …+ a + time (moät/ hai … laàn) 2. Present continuous ( Hieän taïi tieáp dieãn ) a. Form ( hình thöùc)  Khaúngñònh: S + am / are / is + V-ing …….  Phuûñònh: S + am / are / is + not + V-ing ……  Nghi vaán: Am / Are / Is + S + V-ing ……? b. Use ( caùch duøng )  Dieãntaûhaønhñoängñangxaûyra vaøoluùc noùi Ex: What’s that smell ? Something is burning in the kitchen . Why are you wearing that funny hat ? I work in a bakery everyday . But I’m working in a shop this week .  Cách nhận biết: now , right now / right at the moment / at present, today , this + time 3. Simple past ( Quaù khöù ñôn ) a. Form ( hình thöùc)  Khaúngñònh: S + V2 / V-ed ……  Phuûñònh: S + didn’t + V1 ….  Nghi vaán: Did + S + V1 …..? b. Use ( caùch duøng )  Dieãntaûhaønhñoängxaûyra vaøchaámdöùttaïi moätthôøi ñieåmhoaëckhoaûngthôøi gianxaùcñònhtrong quaùkhöù. Ex: He met her yesterday. He lived in Hanoi from 1990 to 2000. They didn’t meet each other last night.  Cách nhận biết: yesterday, ago, last + time , in + year , from… to . 4. Past continuous ( Quaù khöù tieáp dieãn ) a. Form ( hình thöùc)  Khaúngñònh: S + were / was + V-ing ……. 2
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010  Phuûñònh: S + were / was + not + V-ing ……  Nghi vaán: Were / Was + S + V-ing ……? b. Use ( caùch duøng )  Dieãntaûhaønhñoängñangxaûyra taïi thôøi ñieåmxaùcñònhtrongquaùkhöù. Ex: What were you doing at 8.00 last night ? I was watching television . When I got home , the children were crying and the dog was barking .  Dieãntaûhaønhñoängbò giaùnñoaïn. Ex: While I was having a bath, the phone rang . He was making some coffee when we arrived .  Diễn tả hai hành động đang diễn ra cùng một lúc. Ex: I was learning my lesson while my parents were watching TV at 8.30 last night. While he was playing football, we were listening to music.  Cách nhận biết: At that moment ( vaøo luùc ñoù) At this time last night ( vaøo luùc naøy toái hoâm At that time ( vaøo luùc ñoù) At 4 (5, 6 …) o'clock yesterday (vaøo luùc 4 (5, 6…) giôø hoâm qua.) At this time yesterday ( vaøo luùc naøy hoâm qua) All day yesterday ( suoát ngaøy hoâm qua) 5. Present perfect ( Hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh ) a. Form ( Hình thöùc ) Khaúngñònh: I/ you /we /they + have + V3 / V-ed …. He /she /it + has + V3 / V-ed Phuûñònh: S + have / has + not + V3 / V-ed … Nghi vaán: Have / has +S + V3 / V-ed …. ? b. Use (Caùch duøng )  Duøngñeåchæhaønhñoängxaûyra trongquaùkhöùvaøkeùodaøi ñeánhieäntaïi : Ex: I have learnt English for 4 years . My mother has decorated the house since yesterday. He has seen that actor many times.  Cách nhận biết: recently / lately (gaànñaây) for (suốt) since (kể từ) never up to now / so far / until now / up to present (cho tôùi ever nay) still (vaãn) for ages ( ñaõlaâu) not…yet (chöa) just (vöøamôùi) several times = many times (nhieàulaàn) already (roài) NOTES:  FOR + khoaûngthôøi gian Ex: for 3 hours , for a long time  SINCE + moácthôøi gian Ex: since 1968 , since last Christmas 6. Present perfect continuous ( Hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh tieáp dieãn ) a. Form (Hình thöùc) Khaúngñònh: I/ you /we /they + have + been + V- ing …. He /she /it + has + been + V- ing Phuûñònh: S + have / has + not + been + V- ing … Nghi vaán: Have / has +S + been + V- ing …. ? b. Use (Caùch duøng )  Nhaánmaïnhsöï lieântuïc cuûahaønhñoängkeùodaøi töø trongquaùkhöùvaøvaãncoønñangtieápdieãn. Ex: I’ve been working for the same company for twelve years. How long have you been playing football ? 7. Past perfect ( Quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh ) a. Form ( Hình thöùc ) Khaúngñònh: S + had + V3 / V-ed … 3
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 Phuûñònh: S + had + not + V3 / V-ed … Nghi vaán: Had +S + V3 / V-ed …. ? b. Use (Caùch duøng )  Dieãntaûhaønhñoängxaûyra tröôùcmoäthaønhñoängkhaùchoaëcthôøi ñieåmkhaùctrongquaùkhöù.  Cách nhận biết: before, after, by the time, when, as soon as. Ex: My parents had already eaten by the time I got home. Until yesterday , I had never heard about it . 8. Past perfect continuous ( Quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh tieáp dieãn ) a. Form ( Hình thöùc ) Khaúngñònh: S + had + been + V-ing … Phuûñònh: S + had + not + been + V-ing … Nghi vaán: Had +S + been + V-ing …. ? b. Use (Caùch duøng )  Duøng ñeå nhaánmaïnh tính lieân tuïc cuûa moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra tröôùc moät haønh ñoäng khaùc hay moätthôøi ñieåmkhaùc cuõngtrongquaùkhöù. Ex: She had been studying English before she came here for classes. The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him . 9. Simple future ( Töông lai ñôn ) a.Form ( Hình thöùc ) Khaúngñònh: S + will / shall + V1 … Phuûñònh: S + will / shall + not + V1 … Nghi vaán: Will / Shall +S + V1 …. ? b.Use (Caùch duøng )  Dieãn taû haønh ñoäng seõ xaûy ra taïi moät thôøi ñieåm naøo ñoù trong töông lai : tomorrow , next + time,soon, sonmeday Ex: He will finish his work tomorrow. We shall have our examination next month.  Dieãnñaït moätñeànghò, moätyeâucaàu, haysöï môøi moïc ( thöôøngôû daïngcaâuhoûi ). Ex: Will you go shopping with me now ? 10. Future continuous ( Töông lai tieáp dieãn ) a.Form ( Hình thöùc ) Khaúngñònh: S + will / shall + be + V-ing … Phuûñònh: S + will / shall + be + not + V-ing … Nghi vaán: Will / Shall + S + be + V-ing …. ? b.Use (Caùch duøng )  Dieãntaûhaønhñoängseõñangdieãnra taïi moätthôøi ñieåmxaùcñònhtrongtöônglai. Ex: Don’t phone at 8.00 . I’ll be having supper. This time tomorrow I ‘ll be flying to New York .  Duøngñeåhoûi veànhöõngkeáhoaïchhay döï tính cuûangöôùi khaùc, nhaátlaø khi chuùngta muoáncaùi gì ñoùhaymuoánngöôøi naøolaømñieàugì ñoù. Ex: “ Will you be using your bicycle this evening? “ “ No, you can take it “ “ Will you be passing the post office when you go out ? “ “ Yes , why ? 11. Future perfect ( Töông lai hoaøn thaønh ) a.Form ( Hình thöùc ) Khaúngñònh: S + will / shall + have + V3 / V-ed … Phuûñònh: S + will / shall + not + have + V3 / V-ed … Nghi vaán: Will / Shall +S + have + V3 / V-ed …. ? b.Use (Caùch duøng )  Dieãntaûhaønhñoängseõ hoaønthaønhtröôùcmoäthaønhñoängkhaùchoaëcthôøi ñieåmkhaùctrongtöông lai . Ex: The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing . By next Christmas, he will have lived in Dalat for 5 years. 2. VERB FORMS A / LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY V-ING 1. admit 2. advise 3. allow thöøa nhaän khuyeân baûo cho pheùp 4
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 4. avoid 14. enjoy 24. postpone traùnh neù, traùnh thích thuù trì hoaõn 5. complete 15. encourage 25. practise hoaøn thaønh khuyeán khích luyeän taäp , thöïc haønh 6. consider 16. finish caân nhaéc, xem hoaøn thaønh, keát 26. quit boû , töø boû , thuùc 7. continue tieáp tuïc ngöøng nghæ 17. forbid caám ñoaùn 8. can’t help khoâng theå 27. recommend ñeà nghò 18. give up töø boû 9. can’t stand khoâng theå chòu cöù , cöù tieáp tuïc 28. resent giaän , oaùn giaän 19. keep (on) 10. delay hoaõn laïi ñeà caäp ñeán , 29. resist cöôõng laïi , 20. mention 11. deny phuû nhaän 30. suggest ñeà nghò 21. mind chuù yù,quan taâm 12. discuss thaûo luaän 31. tolerate khoan dung , tha 22. miss boû lôõ 13. dislike khoâng thích 32. understand hieåu 23. permit cho pheùp B / LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY TO - INFINITIVE 1. afford 12. fail 23. refuse coù ñuû tieàn queân , thaát baïi töø choái 2. agree 13. hesitate 24. seem ñoàng yù do döï troâng coù veû 3. appear 14. hope 25. struggle döôøng nhö hy voïng ñaáu tranh , gaéng 4. arrange saép ñaët , thu 15. learn 26. swear hoïc theà 5. ask 16. manage 27. threaten yeâu caàu xoay xôû ñe doïa 6. beg naên næ , caàu xin 17. mean coù yù , muoán 28. volunteer tình nguyeän 7. consent 18. offer 29. wait öng thuaän ñeà nghò ñôïi 8. decide 19. plan 30. want quyeát ñònh laäp keá hoaïch muoán 9. demand 20. prepare 31. wish ñoøi hoûi chuaån bò öôùc muoán 10. deserve xöùng 21. pretend ñaùng , laøm ra veû , giaû 11. expect 22. promise mong ñôïi höùa C / LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY AN OBJECT + TO - INFINITIVE 1. advise 10. expect 19. remind khuyeân baûo mong ñôïi nhaéc nhôû 2. allow 11. forbid caám , ngaên caám 20. require cho pheùp yeâu caàu , ñoøi 3. ask 12. force baét buoäc , eùp 21. teach yeâu caàu daïy 4. beg 13. instruct chæ daãn , höôùng 22. tell naên næ baûo 5. cause khieán cho , gaây 14. invite 23. urge môøi thuùc , thuùc giuïc 6. challenge 15. need 24. want thaùch thöùc caàn muoán 7. convince 16. order 25. warn thuyeát phuïc ra leänh caûnh baùo 8. dare 17. permit 26. recommend ñeà nghò thaùch thöùc cho pheâp 9. encourage 18. persuade khuyeán khích thuyeát phuïc D/LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY EITHER A V.ING OR A TO - INFINITIVE ( with a difference in meaning ) 1 . Stop : ♣ stop + v.ing : ngöøng laøm coâng vieäc ñang laøm. Ex : He was writing; and when I came in, he stopped writing and looked at me. ♣ stop + to infinitive : ngöøng laïi ñeå laøm moät vieäc khaùc. (a purpose) Ex : He was speaking on the phone when the door bell rang. He stopped to answer the door 2 . Forget / Remember : ♣ forget / remember + v.ing : queân hoaëc nhôù ñieàu gì ñaõ xaûy ra trong quùa khöù. Ex : I remember playing with dolls when I was a child. I never forget winning the scholarship last year. ♣ forget / remember + to infinitive : queân hoaëc nhôù thöïc hieän traùch nhieäm, boån phaän hay coâng vieäc naøo ñoù trong hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai. Ex : I always remember to lock the front door before going to school. Don’t forget to phone me when you return home tomorrow. 3 . Regret : ♣ regret + v.ing : tieác ñieàu gì ñaõ xaûy ra trong quùa khöù. Ex : I regret lending him money. He never paid it back to me. ♣ regret + to infinitive : tieác laø phaûi noùi hoaëc thoâng baùo cho ai veà ñieàu gì khoâng hay. Ex : I regret to tell you that you failed the college entrance examination. 4 . Need : ♣S(vật) + need + v.ing / to be + V3 : (passive meaning) caàn phaûi ñöôïc . Ex : My house is rather old. It needs repainting. ♣S(người) + need + to infinitive : caàn phaûi laøm ñieàu gì (maø chöa laøm ñöôïc) Ex : She needs to study harder so that she can pass the final test. 5 . Try : ♣ try + v.ing : thöû laøm ñieàu gì ñeå xem coù ñöôïc hay khoâng. 5
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 ♣ try + to infinitive : coágaéng E / SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS FOLLOWED BY THE ING-FORM 1 . have fun / have a good time : thíchthuù,vui veû. 6 . to be no good / no use + v.ing : voâích 2 . have trouble / have difficulty / have a hard time / have a 7 . to be worth / worthwhile + v.ing : ñaùng,xöùngñaùng. difficult time : gaëpkhoùkhaêntrongvieäcgì. 8 . to be busy + v.ing : baänlaømgì. 3 . spend / waste + (time) + v.ing 9 . There is no point in + v.ing 10. can’t stand = can’t help: không thể không 4 . sit / stand / lie + (place) + v.ing 5 . find / catch + object + v.ing : thaáyhaybaétgaëpai ñang 11. look forward to: mong đợi laømgì. 12. be/get used to : quen với F / GO + V.ING 1. go birdwatching 7. go jogging : ñi xemtrieånlaõmchim : ñi chaïy boä 2. go camping 8. go mountain climbing : ñi leo nuùi : ñi caémtraïi 3. go dancing 9. go sailing : ñi khieâuvuõ : ñi cheøothuyeàn 4. go fishing 10. go shopping : ñi caâucaù : ñi muasaém 5. go hiking 11. go window shopping : ñi daïo : ñi boä 6. go hunting 12. go swimming : ñi saên : ñi bôi G / S + V + O + BARE INFINITIVE / V.ING : caûmthaáy : thaáy 1. feel 7. see : nghe : xem 2. hear 8. watch 3. listen to a : laéngnghe : nghekìa 9. hark at : chuùyù : ngöûi 4. notice 10. smell : quansaùt : nhìn 5. observe 11. look at 6. perceive : caûmnhaän H / V + O + BARE INFINITIVE have : nhôø make: baét let : ñeå,cho pheùp help: giuùpñôõ I/ NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT 1. IT IS TIME + S + VED/2 : Ñeángiôø ñeåchuùngta laømgì: Ex: It's time we went. 2. S + WOULD RATHER + S + VED/ 2 Ai muoán/thíchai laømgì hôn Ex: I would rather you did the test well. 3. S + SUGGEST + V-ING: Ai ñeànghòneânlaømchuyeängì Ex: I suggest fixing the faucet. 4. S + SUGGEST + (THAT) + S + SHOULD + V: Ai ñeànghòai neânlaømchuyeängì Ex: I suggest that we should turn off the faucet. 3. TAG QUESTIONS Affirmative statement, negative tag? Negative statement, affirmative tag? Eg: They won’t answer the questions, will they? Hoa makes the questions, doesn’t she? Helen can speak English very well, can’t she? Nam didn’t agree with you, did he? My mother is very beautiful, isn’t she? My father went to the cinema, didn’t he?  SPECIAL CASES ( Trêng hîp ®Æc biÖt): a. PhÇn ®u«i cña “ I am” lµ “ Aren’t I ” . Eg: I’m going to do it again, aren’t I? b. Imperatives and Requests ( C©u mÖnh lÖnh vµ c©u yªu cÇu): •. Imperatives: + Cã phÇn ®u«i lµ “won’t you?” vµ diÔn t¶ lêi mêi: Eg: Take your seat, won’t you? (Mêi «ng ngåi) + Cã phÇn ®u«i lµ “will you?” vµ diÔn t¶ lêi yªu cÇu . Eg: Open the door, will you? ( Xin vui lßng më cöa) •. Requests: Eg: Please keep silient, will you? (Vui lßng gi÷ im lÆng) Please don’t make noise, will you? ( Xin vui lßng ®õng lµm ån) c. PhÇn ®u«i cña c©u víi “ Let’s + V ...” : lµ “Shall we ?” Eg: Let’s go swimming, shall we? (Chóng ta ®i b¬i nhÐ) 6
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 d. Nothing, ®îc thay lµ thÕ b»ng “ It” ë c©u hái ®u«i: Eg : Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, does it ? e. Noone, Nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone ®îc thay thÕ b»ng “They” Eg: Someone remembered to leave the messages, didn’t they? Lu ý:  Nothing, Nobody,... ®îc dïng trong mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh, ®éng tõ ë c©u hái ®u«i sÏ ph¶i ë d¹ng thøc x¸c ®Þnh. Eg: Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?  This/ That ®îc thay thÕ lµ “It”. Eg: This won’t take long, will it?  These/ Those ®îc thay thÕ lµ “They”. Eg: Those are nice, aren’t they? 4. COMPARISION OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS (Các hình thức so sánh của tính từ và trạng từ) a. Absolute ( So sánh bằng): AS + Adj/Adv + AS  Khẳng định : bằng, như Ex: My sister is as tall as me. NOT SO/AS + Adj/Adv + AS  Phủ định : không … bằng Ex: She does not work so/as hard as her friends (do). b. Comparative ( Só sánh hơn )  Với tính từ và trạng từ ngắn: Adj./Adv. + ER + THAN : …. hơn Ex: Ann is taller than me. MORE + Adj./ Adv. + THAN  Với tính từ và trạng từ dài Ex: This exercise is more difficult than that one. NOTES:  Tính từ (trạng từ) ngắn gồm các tính từ có một âm tiết và các tính t ừ có 2 âm ti ết mà t ận cùng b ằng: -y, -ow, -er, -le, -et Ex: Happy  happier narrow  narrower quiet  quieter Clever  Cleverer simple  simpler  Tính từ ngắn tận cùng là một phụ âm, trước nó là một nguyên âm thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm ER Ex: Hot  hotter big  bigger c. Superlative ( So sánh nhất )  Với tính từ và trạng từ ngắn: THE + Adj. + EST Ex: The Nile is the longest river in the world.  Với tính từ và trạng từ dài THE MOST Adj./Adv. Ex: That was the most interesting story I've ever read Các trường hợp bất qui tắc: Adj./Adv Comparative Superlative Good, well better the best Bad, badly worse the worst Many, much more the most Little less the least Far farther/further the farthest/furthest Ex: They all behaved badly, but Peter behaved the worst. Anne feels much better today. d. Double Comparison ( Só sánh kép) a. So sánh kép để miêu tả sự việc ngày càng phát triển: Short Adj.: Adj. + ER and Adj. + ER Long Adj.: More and more +Adj. Ex: The standard of living is getting better and better. 7
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 The tests are more and more difficult. b. So sánh kép miêu tả hai sự việc cùng song song phát triển, thay đổi ở sự kiện này sẽ kèm theo thay đổi ở sự kiện kia. The + adj./adv. + er, the + adj./adv. + er The more + adj./adv., the more + adj./adv. Ex: The more you learn, the better you know about the world. 5. RELATIVE CLAUSES Chöùc naêng Meänh ñeà quan heä Meänh ñeà quan heä khoâng giôùi haïn giôùi haïn Ngöôøi WHO/THAT WHO Chuû Vaät WHICH/THAT WHICH ngöõ Ngöôøi WHOM/THAT/ WHOM Taân Vaät WHICH/THAT/ WHICH ngöõ Sôû Ngöôøi WHOSE WHOSE höõu Vaät WHOSE/ OF WHICH WHOSE/ OF WHICH  Meänh ñeà quan heä giôùi haïn  Relative pronouns : WHO – WHOM – WHICH – WHOSE - THAT 1. The woman is my mother. She wears a hat.  The woman who / that wears a hat is my mother . 2. My mother is the person. I always think of her.  My mother is the person whom / that I always think of . 3. The bicycle is beautiful. You are looking at it.  The bicycle which / that you are looking at is beautiful. 4. The book is my teacher’s . It is on the table.  The book which / that is on the table is my teacher’s. 5. He is the boy. His father is the director of this company.  He is the boy whose father is the director of this company .  Relative adverbs : WHERE – WHEN – WHY 1. WHERE : ñöôïc duøngñeåthaytheá“ giôùi töø + which” : “ in which, at which, on which…” khi noùi veànôi choán. Ex: I went to the office. My father works in the office.  I went to the office in which my father works.  I went to the office where my father works. 2. WHEN: ñöôïc duøngñeåthaytheá “giôùi töø + which” : “ in which , at which, on which ….” khi noùi veàthôøi gian Ex: You can visit me on Sundays. I am usually free on Sundays.  You can visit me on Sundays on which I am usually free .  You can visit me on Sundays when I am usually free . 3. WHY : ñöôïc duøngñeåthaytheá “ for + which” khi noùi veàlyù do Ex: He refused my invitation. The reason is unknown. 8
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010  The reason why he refused my invitation is unknown. NOTE : “ where , when , why “ khoâng bao giôø ñi sau giôùi töø .  Meänh ñeà quan heä khoâng giôùi haïn : laø meänhñeàboå sung, ñaëtsau danhtöø ñaõ ñöôïc xaùc ñònh, vaø ñöôïc ngaêncaùchvôùi meänhñeàchínhbôûi moäthoaëchai daáuphaåy Ex: Michael Jackson is an American singer. I saw him on TV yesterday.  Michael Jackson , whom I saw on TV yesterday, is an American singer. NOTES a. “That” thöôøngñöôïc duøngtrongcaùctröôønghôïp sau:  Khi töø ñi tröôùcchængöôøi vaøvaät. Ex: The girls and flowers that he painted were vivid.  Sauso saùnhnhaát khi danhtöø ñi tröôùclaømtaânngöõvaø saunhöõngtöø nhö : the first, the last, the only, the very, any, all, nothing, anything, everything, few, nobody, … Ex: You are the person that I have been looking for. She is the ugliest girl that I’ve ever seen. I have never seen anyone that is as lovely as she . b. “That” khoângbaogiôø ñöôïc duøngtrongcaùctröôønghôïp sau:  Ñaïi töø quan heäcoù giôùi töø ñöùngtröôùc Ex: The house in which / in that I live is my father’s. That is the man from whom / from that I borrowed the car.  Meänhñeàquanheäkhoânggiôùi haïn Ex: Viet Nam, which / that is in the south-east Asia, exports rice. c. Trongmeänhñeàquanheäkhoângxaùcñònh( khoânggiôùi haïn ) , danhtöø xaùcñònhthöôønglaø :  Danhtöø rieâng: Nam, Hong , Mr. Smith, Mrs. Green ….  Ñaïi töø chæñònh: this , that , these, those  Tính töø sôûhöõu: my, your , our , their , his, her . Ex:  Mr. Pike is very nice. He is my neighbor.  Mr. Pike , who is my neighbor , is very nice.  This matter is of great importance. You should pay attention to it  This matter , to which you should pay attention, is of great importance.  Do you see my pen ? I’ve just written the lesson with it .  Do you see my pen, with which I’ve just written the lesson 6. STRUCTURES OF “USE” a. Be used to + Ving /Noun/ Noun phrases : = be accustomed to + V-ing = get used to + V-ing : quen với, thích hợp với Ex : Women are used to being independent. I am used to hot weather. b. Used to + bare infinitive : đã từng, thường ( thói quen trong quá khứ ) ( didn’t use to + V1 / Did + S + use to + V1?) Ex : He used to smoke a lot of cigarette. c. Use + noun : dùng Ex : I have used this book for many years. d. Be used for + Ving / be used to + V1 : được dùng để ( công dụng của một vật ) Ex : Money is used for buying and selling goods. = Money is used to buy and sell goods. 7. WISH CLAUSES 1. Mong ước không thể xảy ra ở tương lai: WOULD + V1 Ex: I wish I would fly to Hanoi Quá khứ đơn 2. Mong ước trái sự thật ở hiện tại : tomorrow. (be were) She wish she had enough time to study now. Quá khứ hoàn thành 3. Mong ước trái sự thật ở quá khứ : They wish they had come to the party last night. 8. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 9
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 Loại Main clauses If clause 1. Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở tương lai Simple present will/shall … + V1 (hiện tại đơn) 2. Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện Simple past (Quá khứ đơn ) would /should /… + V1 tại (be  were ) 3. Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở quá Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành ) would/should… + have + V3/V-ed khứ 1. Unless = If … not ( nếu không, trừ phi) Note: Ex :Unless it rains, we will go to the movies = If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the movies Unless they attended class regularly , they couldn’t understand the lesson = If they didn’t attend class regularly, they couldn’t understand the lesson 2. As long as / provided / providing (that) : với điều kiện là Ex: You can borrow my book as long as you use it carefully. You can play providing (that) you don’t make so much noise. 3. Suppose, supposing: giả sử Ex: Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do? 4. In case: phòng khi, trong trường hợp Ex: Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 9. PASSIVE VOICE( câu bị động) Ex: Active: Mr. Smith taught English. Passive: English was taught by Mr. Smith. BẢNG TÓM TẮT CÁC THÌ Ở BỊ ĐỘNG TENSE ( Thì ) ACTIVE ( Caâu chuû ñoäng ) PASSIVE ( Caâu bò ñoäng ) 1. Simple present ( Hieän taïi S + Verb ( s / es ) S + am / is / are + V3 / V-ed ñôn) 2. Present continuous S + am / is / are + V-ing S + am /is /are + being + V3 /V-ed ( HTTD ) 3. Simple past (Quaù khöù S + V2 / V-ed S + was / were + V3 / V-ed ñôn) 4. Past continuous ( QKTD ) S + was / were + V-ing S + was / were + being + V3 / V-ed 5. Present perfect ( HTHT ) S + have / has + V3 / V-ed S + have / has + been + V3 / V-ed 6. Modal verbs S + will/shall/can/could/must…+ V3 / S + will/shall/can/could/must+ be + V-ed V3/V-ed S + have/has/ought to + V1… S + have/has/ought to + be + V3/V-ed… 7. Past perfect (QKHT) S + had + V3/ Ved S + had + been + V3/ Ved NOTES 1. Bị động 2 mênh đề ( believe, know, think, say, report…) People / they + V1 (consider/ know / believe/ say /…) + …that + S + V2 + … Câu chủ động : It + is / was + past participle (V1) + that + S + V2 +… Câu bị động : to infinitive …. (khi V2 ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai) S + be + past participle (V1) + to have + V3/V-ed …. (khi V2 ở quá khứ) 10
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 Ex : 1. People believe that 13 is an unlucky number  It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number  13 is believed to be an unlucky number 2. They know that the prisoner escaped from the jail.  It is known that the prisoner escaped from the jail.  The prisoner is known to have escaped from the jail. 2. Bị động ở thể truyền khuyến Model 1 : S + have + Object ( người ) + V-bare infinitive + Object (Vật) Câu chủ động : S + have + Object ( vật ) + V3 /Ved + by O (người) Câu bị động : Ex : I had the garage repair my car I had my car repaired by the garage Model 2 : S + Get + Object ( người ) + to infinitive + Object (Vật) Câu chủ động : Câu bị động : S + Get + Object (Vật) + V3/ Ved Ex : I get her to make some coffee. I get some coffee made. 10. PHRASES and CLAUSES OF PURPOSE ( Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ mục đích ) To–infinitive a. Phrases of purpose ( Cụm từ chỉ mục đích ) In order (not) to / so as (not ) to + V1 Ex : I learn English to study abroad. = I learn English in order to study abroad. He got up early so as not to miss the train. = He got up early in order not to miss the train. b. Clauses of purpose (Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích ) So that + S + modal verbs + V1 ( will / would / can /could… ) In order that Ex : I’m buying some paint so that I can paint my room. = I’m buying some paint in order that I can paint my room. 11. SOME USEFUL STRUCTURES 1. MODEL 1 BECAUSE / SINCE / AS/ NOW THAT/ SEEING THAT / FOR + CLAUSE BECAUSE OF / DUE TO/ OWING TO + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUNDS Ex: a. Because she behaves well, everybody loves her. = Because of her good behavior, everybody loves her. b. As he behaved badly, he must be punished. = Because of his bad behavior, he must be punished. c. Since I can’t read Italian, I have to read English. = Because of my ability to read Italian, I have to read English. 2. MODEL 2 ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / EVEN THOUGH /DESPITE THE FACT THAT + CLAUSE DESPITE / IN SPITE OF + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUNDS Ex Although it rains, we go to school on time. = Despite / In spite of the rain, we go to school on time. 11
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 3. MODEL 3 S + V (find/consider/believe/make . . .) + it + ADJ / NOUN + TO–inf Ex: I find it hard to live on my salary. I think it a good thing to be accurate 4. MODEL 4 It takes/took + (somebody) + (time) + to-inf : (Ai) mất (thời gian) bao lâu để làm gì Ex: It takes me half an hour to ride to school. 5. CLASUES OF RESULT S + V + too + adj/adv + ( for + O ) + to infinitive S + V + adj / adv + enough + ( for + O ) + to infinitive S + V + enough + noun + to-inf / for something S + V + so + adj / adv S + V + so +much / many + noun + THAT + CLAUSE S + V + such ( a /an) + adj +noun S + V + such + a lot of + noun S + V + So +adj + a + noun Ex: 1. The box was too heavy for the children to carry. 2. This question is enough easy for us to answer. 3. She ran so fast that they couldn’t catch her. 4. It was such a heavy box that the children couldn’t carry it. 12. THE PRONUNCIATION Of THE ENDINGS: -S/ES and -ED A. C¸ch ph¸t ©m ®u«i S/ES cña ®éng tõ ng«i thø ba sè Ýt, danh tõ sè nhiÒu, vµ së h÷u c¸ch.  Đäc lµ /S/ nÕu sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng c¸c ©m nh /k/, /p/, /f/, /θ/,/t/. 3rd – singular verbs Plural nouns Possessives /p/ maps /mæps/ stops / stops/ Janet’s / zænets/ / t/ cats / kæts / calculates /'kælkjuleits/ Cliff’s / klifs/ laughs / la:fs / /f/ Frank’s / fræηks/ laughs / lɑ:fs / /k/ Gareth’s / gareθs / attacks / ə'tæks / books / buks / /θ/ lengths / leηθs /  Đäc lµ /IZ/ sau c¸c tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /ks/, /∫/, /t∫/, /s/ , /dʒ/, /ʒ/, /z/. Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs Possessives /s/ glasses misses Bruce’s /ks/ boxes mixes Felix’s /∫/ wishes washes Trish’s /t∫/ churches matches Gooch’s garages massages Solange’s /ʒ/ pages stages Gorge’s /dʒ/ bruises rises Rose’s /z/  Đäc lµ /Z/ sau c¸c tõ tËn cïng b»ng c¸c phô ©m cßn l¹i, vµ tÊt c¶ c¸c nguyªn ©m. Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs Possessives 12
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 /b/ cubs robs Bob’s /v/ caves lives Olive’s /d/ beds reads Donald’s /g/ eggs digs Peg’s /l/ hills fills Daniel’s /m / rooms comes Tom’s /n/ pens learns Jane’s /η/ rings brings King’s /əu/ potatoes goes Jo’s /ei/ days plays Clay’s /eə/ hairs wears Clare’s B. C¸ch ph¸t ©m ®u«i ED cña ®éng tõ cã quy t¾c.  Đäc lµ /id/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /d/ hoÆc /t/. need – needed decide – decided want – wanted start – started  Đäc lµ /t/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /∫/, /t∫/, /θ/, /ks/ wash – washed book – booked stop – stopped watch – watched fax – faxed....  Đäc lµ /d/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng c¸c ©m cßn l¹i. play – played plan – planned offer – offered bathe – bathed call – called borrow – borrowed * C¸c tÝnh tõ tËn cïng b»ng ED th× ®u«i ED còng ® îc ph¸t ©m nh c¸ch ph¸t ©m cña ®éng tõ cã quy t¾c. Tuy nhiªn, mét sè tÝnh tõ cæ tËn cïng b»ng -ed, hoÆc mét sè tr¹ng tõ tËn cïng b»ng -edly, th× -ed ®îc ph¸t ©m lµ /id/. Adjectives: /id/ naked : kháa th©n crooked : cong, o»n ragged : nhµu, cò wretched : khèn khæ learned : uyªn b¸c wiked : xấu xa rugged : gå ghÒ Adverbs: /id/ deservedly : xøng ®¸ng supposedly: cho lµ markedly : mét c¸ch râ rµng, ®¸ng chó ý allegedly : cho r»ng 13. SUBJECT and VERB AGREEMENT ( Söï hoà hôïp giöõachuûngöõvaø ñoängtöø ) 1. Nhöõng tröôøng hôïp ñoäng töø chia soá ít: a. Hai chuû ngöõ goàm nhieàu danh töø noái vôùi nhau baèng “ and “ nhöng chæ cuøng moät ngöôøi moät vaät. Ex: My old friend and colleague, John, has just got married. b. Chuû ngöõ laø töø chæ soá löôïng veà tieàn baïc, thôøi gian, khoaûng caùch, troïng löôïng. Ex: Ten dollars is not enough. Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. c. Chuû ngöõ laø nhöõng ñaïi töø baát ñònh: each(of), every(of), any (+ one, thing, body), some (+ one, thing, body), no (+ one, thing, body), one of, either of, neither of, the number of .… Ex: If anyone calls, tell him I’ll call back later. Each of the boys has a bicycle. d. Chuû ngöõ laø moät meänh ñeà, danh ñoäng töø, ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu: Ex: That he failed the exam makes his parents sad. Walking is good for health. To live is to struggle. e. Chuû ngöõ laø nhoùm töø, caâu trích, töïa saùch Ex: “War and peace” is a masterpiece by Toilstoi. “We shall overcome” becomes international progressive slogan. Notes : Chuûngöõlaø danhtöø coùhìnhthöùcsoánhieàunhöngthöïc teáchuùnglaø nhöõngdanhtöø soáít  Moân hoïc, mathematics (toaùn), physics (lyù), economics (kinh teá), politics (chính trò), linguistics (ngoân ngöõ ), : phonetics (ngöõ aâm ), athletics (ñieàn kinh), statistics (thoáng keâ)  Beänh taät : mumps (quai bò), measles (sôûi), rickets (coøi xöông)  Ñòa danh: Wales, The United States, The United Nations, The Phillipines…  Danh từ khác: news (tin töùc), innings (hieäp ñaáu), billiards (bi da), 2. Nhöõng tröôøng hôïp ñoäng töø chia soá nhieàu: a. Chuû ngöõ goàm nhieàu danh töø chæ nhieàu ngöôøi hay nhieàu vaät: 13
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 Ex: John and Joe are roommate in this school-year. b. Chuû ngöõ laø nhöõng danh töø coù hình thöùc soá nhieàu: glasses, jeans, pants, trousers, scissors, pyjamas, shorts… Ex: My trousers are torn. c. Chuû ngöõ laø nhöõng ñaïi töø hoaëc cuïm töø: several, both, both…and, many, few, some, all, a number of. Ex: Several of the students were absent yesterday. Both are good. d. Chuû ngöõ laø danh töø ñöôc thaønh laïp bôõi maïo töø THE + Adjective: the blind, the rich, the poor… Ex: The poor living here need help. Notes: Moät soádanhtöø coù hìnhthöùcsoáít nhöngñoängtöø chiasoánhieàu:people, police, cattle (gia suùc), public (coâng chuùng), clergy (muïc sö), gentry (tieâu ñeà, ñeà muïc). Ex: The police are coming. 3. Nhöõng tröôøng hôïp ñoäng töø chia soá ít hoaëc soá nhieàu tuyø theo tröôøng hôïp: a. Khi chuû ngöõ laø moät cuïm töø: Ex: The first two parts of experiment take the most time. b. Chuû ngöõ laø nhöõng danh töø ñöôïc noái bôûi: or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also: động từ hoà hợp với chủ ngữ gần nhất Ex: Neither my mother nor my father wants me to be a teacher. Either she or I am going to leave. c. Chuû ngöõ ñi vôùi : with, as well as, along with, together with , in addition to, accompanied by … ñoäng töø hoaø hôïp vôùi chuû ngöõ đầu tiên. Ex: John, as well as my other classmates, passes the exam. d. Sau chuû ngöõ giaû: “ there”, ñoäng töø tuyø vaøo chuû ngöõ chính hoaëc chuû ngöõ gaàn nhaát : Ex: There is a desk in the room. There are at least several players the ball. : family, group, committee (uỷ ban), team, crowd, parliament (quốc hội), public (coâng chuùng) e. Danh töø toång hôïp Ex: The family have agreed among themselves to move to another town. The family is the basic unit of our society. f. Chủ ngữ là các đại từ quan hệ “ who, which, that “ thì động từ sẽ hoà hợp với danh từ đứng trước đại từ đó Ex: She is one of the girls who are very kind. You are the person who is wanted by the police. 14. REPORTED SPEECH (Caâu töôøng thuaät) Muốn đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu nói gián tiếp phải chú ý đến : - Đại từ nhân xưng cần phải thay đổi cho phù hợp - Các thì và trạng từ Quy ta é c ñoåi thì vaø traïn g töø : Thì vaø traïng Direct speech Reported speech töø 1. Thì a. Simple present : S + V (s / es) a. Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed b. Present continuous: S + am / is /are + V-ing b. Past continuous: S + was/were + V-ing c. Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed c. Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed d. Past continuous: S + was / were + V-ing d. Past perfect continuous : S + had been + V-ing e. Present perfect: S + have / has + V3/V-ed e. Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed f. P. Perfect continuous: S + have / has been + V-ing f. Past perfect continuous : S + had been + V-ing g. Must / have to g. Had to h. Can / May / Will / Shall h. Could / Might / Would / Should 2. a. Now a. Then Traïng b. Today b. That day töø c. Tonight c. That night d. Tomorrow d. The next day / the following day e. Yesterday e. The day before f. Last night f. The night before g. Ago g. Before h. Here h. There i. This / These i. That / Those 14
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 A. STATEMENTS (Caâu phaùt bieåu) Ex 1: “ She is going to America for six months”  They say ( that) she is going to America for six months “ I went home early”  She told me she had gone home early Note: Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại (say) động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật không có sự thay đổi về thì Nếu động từ tường thuật ở quá khứ (said / told)  thì động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật phải lùi một thì. B. QUESTIONS (Caâu hoûi ) 1. YES / NO questions Ex: She said , “ Are you thirsty , Peter ? “.  She asked Peter if (whether) he was thirsty. He asked me, “Did you go to school yesterday ?“ He asked me if (whether) I had gone to school the day before 2. WH – QUESTIONS Ex: He asked , “ What have you got in your bag ?”  He asked (me) what I had got in my bag He said , “ Mary , when is the next train ? “  He asked Mary when the next train was C. IMPERATIVE (Mệnh lệnh) 1. AFFIRMATIVE (khẳng định) Ex : “ Stay in bed for a few days.” The doctor said to me  The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days 2. NEGATIVE (Phủ định) Ex : “ Don’t wait,” he said to me  He asked me not to wait “ Never do that again ,” she said to her son  She told her son never to do that 15. RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES & TO-INFINITIVES ( Mệnh đề quan hệ được thay thế bởi phân từ và động từ nguyên mẫu có TO ) 1. Relative clauses replaced by participles (present and past participles) a. Present participles (Hiện tại phân từ): được dùng khi động từ trong m ệnh đ ề quan h ệ ở d ạng chủ động. Ex: a. The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.  The boy playing the piano is Ben. b. We have a house which overlooks the park  We have a house overlooking the park c. The man who spoke to John is my brother  The man speaking to John is my brother b. Past participles (Quá khứ phân từ): được dùng khi động t ừ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở d ạng bị động. Ex: a. They live in a house that was built in 1890  They live in a house built in 1890 b. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting. The ideas presented in that book are interesting. 2. Relative clauses replaced by to-infinitive phrases - To-infinitive được sử dụng sau: the first, the second,…. the last, the only và sau hình th ức so sánh nh ất Ex: a. Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.  Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space. b. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light. The last person to leave the room must turn off the light. 16. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME Ex: 1. They were having dinner when we came last night. Main clause Adverbial clause of time 2. We have written to each other since we left high school. Main clause Adverbial clause of time 3. As soon as he finishes his work, he goes home. Adverbial clause of time Main clause 4. When I see him tomorrow, I’ll give him your address. Adverbial clause of time Main clause The summary about sequence of tenses in the adverbial clauses of time: Adverbial clause of time Main clause 15
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 1. Present simple/future Present simple simple Present continuous 2. Present continuous Present perfect 3. Present simple Past simple 4. Past simple Past continuous 5. Past continuous Past simple 6. Past continuous Past simple 7. Past perfect Past perfect 8. Past simple  Note: There are no future tenses in the adverbial clauses of time. 17. PREPOSITIONS A. ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION 1. Be out = ñi ra ngoaøi, ñi vaéng 28. 54. Be different from = khaùc Be made in = ñöôïc sx taïi 2. Be absent from = vaéng maët vôùi ñaâu 29. 55. Be difficult for= khoù khaên Be made of = ñöôïc sx thay 3. Be acceptable to= coù theå ñoåi chaát lieäu 30. Be disappointed with = thaát chaáp nhaän 56. Be married to = keát hoân voïng veà 4. Be accustomed to = quen 31. vôùi Be excited about = haøo 5. Be afraid of = sôï 57. Be nice to = toát vôùi ai höùng 6. Be agreeable to= phuø hôïp 32. 58. Be engaged to= ñính hoân Be open to = môû ra 7. Be amazed at = ngaïc nhieân vôùi 59. Be pleased with = haøi loøng 8. Be amused at = vui 33. Be familiar with = quen vôùi vôùi 9. Be angry at (sth) = giaän veà 34. 60. Be famous for = noåi tieáng Be pleasant to = côûi môû vieäc gì veà (vôùi) 10. Be angry with (sb) = giaän ai 35. 61. Be far from = xa vôùi Be polite to = leã pheùp 11. Be ashamed of = hoå theïn 36. 62. Be fed up with= chán Be popular with = phổ biến veà 37. 63. Be fond of = thích Be presented with = ñöôïc trao 12. Be available for taëng vôùi 38. Be friendly with= thaân 13. Be aware of = nhaän thöùc 64. Be proud of = töï haøo veà thieän vôùi ñöôïc 39. 65. Be frightened of= Sô Be rude to = thoâ loã vôùi 14. Be acquainted with = quen với 40. 66. Be full of = no, ñaày Be rich in = giàu về 15. Be bored with = buoàn, 41. 67. Be good at = gioûi moân gì Be safe from chaùn naûn 42. 68. Be good for = toát cho Be satisfied with = thoaû 16. Be busy with = baän roan 43. maõn Be happy with = sung söôùng 17. Be capable of = coù theå 69. Be scared of = e deø, sôï veà 18. Be close to = gaàn 44. 70. Be harmful to= coù haïi Be similar to = töông töï vôùi 19. Be compared with = so vôùi 45. 71. Be helpful to = coù ích lôïi Be successful in= Thaønh 20. Be convenient for = thuaän cho coâng tieän cho ai 21. Be concerned with = coù lieân 46. Be interesting in = thích 72. Be sure of = chaéc chaén 47. Be important to- quan troïng 73. Be surprised at = ngaïc quan 48. Be jealous of = ganh tò veà nhieân 22. Be confident of = tin töôûng 74. Be tired of = meät moûi, 23. Be contrary to = traùi ngöôïc 49. Be kind to = toát vôùi ai chaùn 50. Be late for = trễ (vôùi) 75. Be useful for =höõu duïng 24. Be covered with = bò che 51. Be lucky to = may maén ñeå 52. Be looking forward to = phuû 76. Be worried about = lo laéng 25. Be crowded with = ñoâng troâng chôø veà ñuùc vôùi 53. Be made from = ñöôïc sx 77. Be wrong with = said vôùi 26. Be cruel to = ñoäc aùc vôùi khoâng thay ñoåi chaát lieäu 27. Be delighted at = vui thích B. VERB + PREPOSITION 1. account for = laø nguyeân nhaân 4. amount of = soá löôïng lôùn 6. arrive in + ñòa danh = ñeán (nôi lôùn coù teân rieâng) 2. add sth to sth = theâm caùi gì 5. arrive at + nôi choán = ñeán (nôi 7. ask for = xin vaøo caùi gì nhoû, khoâng teân) 3. 8. be on = chieáu phim agree with = ñoàng yù 16
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 9. base on = döïavaøo 59. hear about (of) = ngheveà 105. send sth to s.o = göûi caùi gì cho ai 10. believe in = tin töôûng 60. help someone with sth = giuùpai vôùi 106. send sth from somewhere = göûi 11. blow away = cuoánñi caùi gì töøñaâu 61. help sb out = giuùpñôõ 12. borrow sth from = möôïntöøai 107. separate sth from = taùchra 62. hundred of = haøngtraêm 13. break down = hoûngmaùy 108. speak to someone = noùi chuyeän 63. insist on = nhaánmaïnh 14. break out = buøngnoå vôùi ai 64. interact with = aûnh höôûng, taùc 15. bring back = mangtrôûlaïi 109. spend + time (money) on= duøng duïng 16. buy sth for someone:muacaùi gì choai thôøi gian(tieànvaøo) 65. join in = thamgiavaøo 110. succeed in = thaønhcoâng 66. keep s.o awake = laømai thöùcgiaác 17. care about = quantaâmveà 111. suck up = nònhhoùt 18. hange sth into sth = ñoåi caùi gì 112. suffer from = ñauñôùn 67. keep someone away = traùnhxa ai thaønhcaùi gì 113. suitable for = thíchhôïpcho 68. knock on = goõ(cöûa) 19. check in = ñaêngkí 114. sum up = toùmlaïi, toùmtaét 69. laugh at = choïcgheïo 20. check up = kieåmtra,khaùm 115. take off = caátcaùnh 70. learn by heart = hoïc thuoäcloøng 21. clear up = laømsaïch,doïn saïch 71. learn how to + V = hoïc caùchlaømgì 116. take sth off = côûi ra 22. come back = trôûveà 117. take sb out = ñöaai ra ngoaøi 23. come in = vaøo 72. learn about something = hoïc veà caùi 118. take over = ñaûmnhaän 24. compare with = so saùnhvôùi gì 119. take care of = chaêmsoùc 25. complain about = thanphieànveà 73. line up = xeáphaøng 120. take after = Gioáng 26. cook meals for s.o: naáuböõaaêncho 74. listen to = laéngnghe 121. take part in = thamgiavaøo ai 75. live apart = soángxa nhau 122. take s.o to somewhere = daãnai ñi 27. concentrate on = taäptrung 76. live on = soángnhôøvaøo ñaâu 28. consist of = baogoàm 77. live with somebody = soángvôùi ai 123. talk about = noùi veàcaùigì 29. cut down = ñoánxuoáng 78. look after = chaêmsoùc 124. talk to/with = noùi vôùi ai 30. depend on = phuï thuoäcvaøo 79. look at =nhìnngaém 125. talk to s.o about sth = noùi vôøi ai 31. devide into = phaânchiathaønh veàcaùi gì 80. look for = tìmkieám 32. devote to = coánghieáncho 126. thanks for sth = caùm ôn ai veà 81. look out = caånthaän 33. die for = cheátvì (ai) caùi gì 82. look up = tratöøñieån 34. die of = cheátvì (beänh) 127. thanks to sth/sb = nhôø coù caùi 83. look forward to =troângchôøai, caùi 35. end up = chaámdöùt,keátthuùc gì/ai gì 128. the number of = moät soá löôïng 84. love for = tìnhyeâudaønhcho 36. even up = sanbaèng lôùn 85. make sth for s.o: laøm, may caùi gì 37. fall down = rôi xuoáng 129. think about = nghóveà choai 38. fall in love with s.o = yeâu moät 130. think of = nghóveà 86. millions of = haøngtrieäu ngöôøinaøoñoù 131. thousands of = haøngngaøn 87. nice to +V = toát,tuyeätñeålaømgì 39. fill out = dieãnra 132. try sth on = thöû 40. find sth for s.o = tìmcaùi gì choai 133. turn off = taét(maùy) 88. object to = phaûnñoái 41. find out = tìm ra 134. turn on = môû(maùy) 89. open to = môûcöûacho 42. flow across = chaûyngangqua 135. turn sth down 90. participate in = tham gia 43. fly to somewhere = bayñeánñaâu 136. turn up = môûto leân 91. pick someone up = röôùcai 44. follow someone to somewhere = theo 137. wait for = ñôïi côø 92. plenty of = nhieàu,phongphuù sauai ñeánñaâu 138. wake up = thöùcdaäy 93. prepare for = chuaånbò cho 45. get out of = thoaùtkhoûi, ñi ra 139. walk along = ñi boädoïc theo 94. pull out = loâi ra 46. get over = khaécphuïc 140. walk into = ñi boävaøo 95. put into = ñaëtcaùi gì vaøotrong 47. get up = thöùcdaäy 141. walk up = ñi boäleân 48. give up = töøboû 96. put sth on = maëcvaøo 142. wash up = röûacheùn,giaët 49. glad to+V = vui möønglaømgì 97. put out = laømtaét,daäptaét 143. wear out = töara, raùchra 50. go for a swim = ñi bôi 98. put sth off = hoaõnlaïi 144. work for s.o = laømvieäcchoai 51. go for a walk = ñi taûnboä 99. queue up = xeáphaøng 52. go on = xaûyra, tieáptuïc 100. receive sth from someone = nhaän 145. work with s.o = laømvieäcvôùi ai 53. go on a trip = ñi dulòch caùi gì töøai 54. go on a vacation = ñi nghæ 146. worry about = lo laéngveà 101. rely on = döïavaøo 55. go out 147. write for = vieátchotoaøbaùo 102. return to = trôûlaïi ñaâu 56. go up = giataêng,ñi lên 103. run off = chaûy 57. grow up 148. write to someone = vieátchoai 104. sell sth to s.o = baùncaùi gì choai 58. happen to = xaûyra 149. stay away from = traùnhxa 17
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 150. stay up late = thöùckhuya 151. stay with sb =ôû vôùi ai C. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 1. Above all: treânhết 11. for example: ví duï nhö 21. On duty: ñangtröïc 2. According to: Theo 12. In favour of: thieânveà 22. On foot: (ñi) boä 3. At first: luùcñaàu 13. In love: ñangyeâu 23. On the contrary: traùilaïi 4. At last : cuoáicuøng 14. In a hurry: voäi vaõ 24. On the spot: ngaylaäptöùc 5. At least: toái thieåu 15. In addition to: ngoaøira 25. On the whole: noùi chung 6. At the moment: baâygiôø 16. In particular: ñaëcbieätlaø 26. On holiday: nghæmaùt 7. At once: ngaylaäptöùc 17. Instead of: thay vì 27. On purpose: coáy 8. Out of work: thất nghiệp 18. In view of: xemxeùt 28. On a diet: aênkieâng 9. Out of order: mất trật tự 19. for instance: ví duï nhö 29. On one’s own: moätmình 10. Out of date: loãi thôøi 20. On business: ñangcoângtaùc 30. in the past: trongquaùkhöù 18. Articles MẠO TỪ A, An, The: Mạo tõ a (an) vµ the 1- a vΜ an an - ®îc dïng: - Tríc 1 danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®îc b¾t ®Çu b»ng 4 nguyªn ©m (vowel) a, e, i, o - Hai b¸n nguyªn ©m u, y - C¸c danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng h c©m. vÝ dô: u : an uncle. h : an hour - HoÆc tríc c¸c danh tõ viÕt t¾t ®îc ®äc nh 1 nguyªn ©m. VÝ dô: an L- plate, an SOS, an MP a : ®îc dïng: - tríc 1 danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng phô ©m (consonant). - dïng tríc mét danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng uni : a university, a uniform, a universal, a union. - tríc 1 danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®îc, tríc 1 danh tõ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh cô thÓ vÒ mÆt ®Æc ®iÓm, tÝnh chÊt, vÞ trÝ hoÆc ®îc nh¾c ®Õn lÇn ®Çu trong c©u. - ®îc dïng trong c¸c thµnh ng÷ chØ sè lîng nhÊt ®Þnh. VÝ dô : a lot of, a couple, a dozen, a great many, a great deal of. - dïng tríc nh÷ng sè ®Õm nhÊt ®Þnh, ®Æc biÖt lµ chØ hµng tr¨m, hµng ngµn. VÝ dô: a hundred, a thousand. - tríc half khi nã theo sau 1 ®¬n vÞ nguyªn vÑn. VÝ dô: a kilo and a half vµ còng cã thÓ ®äc lµ one and a half kilos. Chó ý: 1/2 kg = half a kilo ( kh«ng cã a tríc half). - dïng tríc half khi nã ®i víi 1 danh tõ kh¸c t¹o thµnh tõ ghÐp. VÝ dô : a half-holiday nöa kú nghØ, a half-share : nöa cæ phÇn. - dïng tríc c¸c tû sè nh 1/3, 1 /4, 1/5, = a third, a quarter, a fifth hay one third, one fourth, one fifth . - Dïng trong c¸c thµnh ng÷ chØ gi¸ c¶, tèc ®é, tû lÖ. VÝ dô: five dolars a kilo; four times a day. - Dïng trong c¸c thµnh ng÷ tríc c¸c danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®îc, dïng trong c©u c¶m th¸n. VÝ dô: Such a long queue! What a pretty girl! Nhng: such long queues! What pretty girls. - a cã thÓ ®îc ®Æt tríc Mr/Mrs/Miss + tªn hä (surname): VÝ dô: a Mr Smith, a Mrs Smith, a Miss Smith. a Mr Smith nghÜa lµ ‘ ngêi ®µn «ng ®îc gäi lµ Smith’ vµ ngô ý lµ «ng ta lµ ngêi l¹ ®èi víi ngêi nãi. Cßn nÕu kh«ng cã a tøc lµ ngêi nãi biÕt «ng Smith. 2- The - §îc sö dông khi danh tõ ®îc x¸c ®Þnh cô thÓ vÒ tÝnh chÊt, ®Æc ®iÓm, vÞ trÝ hoÆc ® îc nh¾c ®Õn lÇn thø 2 trong c©u. - The + noun + preposition + noun. VÝ dô : the girl in blue; the man with a banner; the gulf of Mexico; the United States of America. - The + danh tõ + ®¹i tõ quan hÖ + mÖnh ®Ò phô VÝ dô: the boy whom I met; the place where I met him. - Tríc 1 danh tõ ngô ý chØ mét vËt riªng biÖt. VÝ dô: She is in the garden. - The + tÝnh tõ so s¸nh bËc nhÊt hoÆc sè tõ thø tù hoÆc only way. VÝ dô : The first week; the only way. 18
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 - The + dt sè Ýt tîng trng cho mét nhãm thó vËt hoÆc ®å vËt th× cã thÓ bá the vµ ®æi danh tõ sang sè nhiÒu. VÝ dô: The whale = Whales, the shark = sharks, the deep-freeze = deep - freezes. Nhng ®èi víi danh tõ man (chØ loµi ngêi) th× kh«ng cã qu¸n tõ (a, the) ®øng tríc. VÝ dô: if oil supplies run out, man may have to fall back on the horse. - The + danh tõ sè Ýt chØ thµnh viªn cña mét nhãm ngêi nhÊt ®Þnh. VÝ dô: the small shopkeeper is finding life increasingly difficult. - The + adj ®¹i diÖn cho 1 líp ngêi, nã kh«ng cã h×nh th¸i sè nhiÒu nhng ®îc coi lµ 1 danh tõ sè nhiÒu vµ ®éng tõ sau nã ph¶i ®îc chia ë ng«i thø 3 sè nhiÒu. VÝ dô: the old = ngêi giµ nãi chung; The disabled = nh÷ng ngêi tµn tËt; The unemployed = nh÷ng ngêi thÊt nghiÖp. - Dïng tríc tªn c¸c khu vùc, vïng ®· næi tiÕng vÒ mÆt ®Þa lý hoÆc lÞch sö. VÝ dô: The Shahara. The Netherlands. The Atlantic. - The + East / West/ South/ North + noun. VÝ dô: the East/ West end. The North / South Pole. Nhng kh«ng ®îc dïng the tríc c¸c tõ chØ ph¬ng híng nµy, nÕu nã ®i kÌm víi tªn cña mét khu vùc ®Þa lý. VÝ dô: South Africal, North Americal, West Germany. - The + tªn c¸c ®å hîp xíng, c¸c dµn nh¹c cæ ®iÓn, c¸c ban nh¹c phæ th«ng. VÝ dô: the Bach choir, the Philadenphia Orchestra, the Beatles. - The + tªn c¸c tê b¸o lín/ c¸c con tÇu biÓn/ khinh khÝ cÇu. VÝ dô: The Titanic, the Time, the Great Britain. - The + tªn hä ë sè nhiÒu cã nghÜa lµ gia ®×nh hä nhµ ... VÝ dô: the Smiths = Mr and Mrs Smith (and their children) hay cßn gäi lµ gia ®×nh nhµ Smith. - The + Tªn ë sè Ýt + côm tõ/ mÖnh ®Ò cã thÓ ®îc sö dông ®Ó ph©n biÖt ngêi nµy víi ngêi kh¸c cïng tªn. VÝ dô: We have two Mr Smiths. Which do you want? I want the Mr Smith who signed this letter. - Kh«ng dïng the tríc 1 sè danh tõ nh Home, church, bed, court, hospital, prison, school, college, university khi nã ®i víi ®éng tõ vµ giíi tõ chØ chuyÓn ®éng (chØ ®i tíi ®ã lµm môc ®Ých chÝnh). VÝ dô: He is at home. I arrived home before dark. I sent him home. | to bed ( ®Ó ngñ) to church (®Ó cÇu nguyÖn) to court (®Ó kiÖn tông) We go to hospital (ch÷a bÖnh) to prison (®i tï) to school / college/ university (®Ó häc) T¬ng tù in bed at church We can be in court in hospital at school/ college/ university We can be / get back (hoÆc be/ get home) from school/ college/university. leave school We can leave hospital be released from prison. Víi môc ®Ých kh¸c th× ph¶i dïng the. VÝ dô: I went to the church to see the stained glass. He goes to the prison sometimes to give lectures. Student go to the university for a class party. Sea Go to sea (thñy thñ ®i biÓn) to be at the sea (hµnh kh¸ch/ thuû thñ ®i trªn biÓn) Go to the sea / be at the sea = to go to/ be at the seaside : ®i t¾m biÓn, nghØ m¸t. We can live by / near the sea. Work and office. Work (n¬i lµm viÖc) ®îc sö dông kh«ng cã the ë tríc. Go to work. nhng office l¹i ph¶i cã the. Go to the office. 19
TỔ TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 VÝ dô: He is at / in the office. NÕu to be in office (kh«ng cã the) nghÜa lµ ®ang gi÷ chøc. To be out of office - th«i gi÷ chøc. Town The cã thÓ bá ®i khi nãi vÒ thÞ trÊn cña ngêi nãi hoÆc cña chñ thÓ. VÝ dô: We go to town sometimes to buy clothes. We were in town last Monday. Go to town / to be in town - Víi môc ®Ých chÝnh lµ ®i mua hµng. B¶ng dïng the vµ kh«ng dïng the trong mét sè trêng hîp ®Æc biÖt. Dïng the Kh«ng dïng the Tríc c¸c ®¹i d¬ng, s«ng ngßi, biÓn, vÞnh vµ c¸c hå Tríc tªn 1 hå (hay c¸c hå ë sè Ýt). ë sè nhiÒu. VÝ dô: VÝ dô: Lake Geneva, Lake Erie The Red sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Persian Gulf, Tríc tªn 1 ngän nói the Great Lakes. VÝ dô: Mount Mckinley Tríc tªn c¸c d·y nói. Tríc tªn c¸c hµnh tinh hoÆc c¸c chïm sao VÝ dô: The Rockey Moutains VÝ dô: Venus, Mars, Earth, Orion Tríc tªn 1 vËt thÓ duy nhÊt trªn thÕ giíi hoÆc vò Tríc tªn c¸c trêng nµy khi tríc nã lµ 1 tªn riªng. trô. VÝ dô: VÝ dô: The earth, the moon, the Great Wall Cooper’s Art school, Stetson University. Tríc School/college/university + of + noun Tríc c¸c danh tõ mµ sau nã lµ 1 sè ®Õm. VÝ dô: VÝ dô: World war one The University of Florida. chapter three The college of Arts and Sciences. Kh«ng nªn dïng tríc tªn c¸c cuéc chiÕn tranh khu vùc nÕu tªn khu vùc ®Ó nguyªn. Tríc c¸c sè thø tù + noun. Tríc tªn c¸c níc cã 1 tõ nh : Sweden, Venezuela vµ c¸c VÝ dô: The first world war. níc ®îc ®øng tríc bëi new hoÆc tÝnh tõ chØ ph¬ng h- The third chapter. íng. Tríc c¸c cuéc chiÕn tranh khu vùc víi ®iÒu kiÖn tªn VÝ dô: New Zealand, South Africa. c¸c khu vùc ®ã ph¶i ®îc tÝnh tõ ho¸. Tríc tªn c¸c lôc ®Þa, tiÓu bang, tØnh, thµnh phè, VÝ dô: The Korean war. quËn, huyÖn. Tríc tªn c¸c níc cã tõ 2 tõ trë lªn. Ngo¹i trõ Great VÝ dô: Europe, California. Britain. Tríc tªn bÊt cø m«n thÓ thao nµo. VÝ dô:The United States, the United Kingdom, VÝ dô: Base ball, basket ball the Central Africal Republic. Tríc tªn c¸c danh tõ mang tÝnh trõu t îng trõ nh÷ng tr- Tríc tªn c¸c níc ®îc coi lµ 1 quÇn ®¶o. êng hîp ®Æc biÖt. VÝ dô: The Philipin. VÝ dô: Freedom, happiness. Tríc c¸c tµi liÖu hoÆc sù kiÖn mang tÝnh lÞch sö. Tríc tªn c¸c m«n häc chung. VÝ dô: The constitution, the Magna Carta. VÝ dô: Mathematics, Sociology Tríc tªn c¸c nhãm d©n téc thiÓu sè. VÝ dô: Tríc tªn c¸c ngµy lÔ, tÕt. The Indians, the Aztecs. VÝ dô: Christmas, thanksgiving. Nªn dïng tríc tªn c¸c nh¹c cô. . Tríc tªn c¸c b÷a ăn : VÝ dô: To play the piano. Tríc tªn c¸c m«n häc cô thÓ. breakfast, lunch , dinner ... VÝ dô: The applied Math. The theoretical Physics. 19. CONJUNCTIONS 1. so: cã nghÜa lµ ‘v× vËy’, liªn tõ nµy ®øng tr íc vÕ thø hai trong mét c©u ghÐp, biÓu hiÖn vÕ thø hai lµ kÕt qu¶ t¸c ®éng cña vÕ c©u thø nhÊt. C«ng thøc dïng nh sau: Clause 1, so + clause 2 Vd: Tim was too angry, so he left without saying anything. But: cã nghÜa lµ’nhng’ liªn tõ nay ®øng tríc vÕ thø hai trong mét c©u ghÐp, biÓu thÞ ý nghÜa tr¸i ng - îc víi ý nghÜa cña vÕ c©u thø nhÊt. C«ng thøc dïng nh sau: Clause 1, but + clause 2 Vd: I tried my best to pass the exam, but I still failed. 20

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