Địa danh học Việt Nam ở Trung Quốc: Hiện trạng và triển vọng

f>!A DUNH HQC VI|T NdN 6 TRUNG QUdC:<br /> HI|N TR0NG V(k TRIEN VQNG<br /> <br /> TRXNK^HOA*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Dat van d l Ijeh sfl (1). Cdch phan loai ndy vfla Id do sfl<br /> Rit nhilu sfl saeh vd dfl dja chf Tmng anh hfldng efla dja danh hpc truyin thong<br /> QuIc diu ed ghi chdp dja danh Vift Nam. cua Trung Quoc, vfla Id do sfl gdn bd chdt<br /> Tuy nhidn, ede cdng trinh dja danh hpc d ehe gifla dja danh vd phfldng phdp dja ly<br /> Trung Quoc chi ghi chdp nguIn gdc vd y hpe Ijeh sfl. Trung Quoc vd Vidt Nam cd<br /> nghia dja danh, chfl khdng nghidn cflu da quan hd Ijch sfl, vdn hod ddc bidt, ndn<br /> ehilu vd tong hpp, eho ndn ehfla phdt triln DDHVN d Trung QuIc ndi ridng, DDHVN<br /> thdnh mdt ngdnh nghidn eiiu ddc I^p. Dja ndi ehung diu khdng thi khdng dp dyng<br /> danh hpe Vi§t Nam (DDHVN) d Tmng phfldng phdp dja ly hpc ljch sfl. Sfl hpe vd<br /> Quoe eung vdy: Lidt kd nhilu, tong kit ft; ngdn ngfl - vdn hod Id hai linh vfle truyin<br /> thfldng bidn khao mdt vdi dja danh, ft nhdn thong efla Vi^t Nam hpc d Trung QuIc (2),<br /> xdt trdn binh di$n tong thi. cho ndn, trflde hit phai dilm lai DDHVN d<br /> Tmng Qude trong linh vfle dja ly hpc ljch<br /> Dja danh hpc hifn dai d Tmng QuIc sfl.<br /> dflde hinh thdnh vd phdt triln tfl nhihig<br /> Theo thu thdp efla ehflng tdi, An Nam<br /> ndm diu t h i ky XX. Trong qud trinh ndy,<br /> trong thdi ky qudn huyin (1945) eiia Ld<br /> DDHVN d Tmng QuIc eung din din dflpc<br /> Chfnh Phfl Id mpt trong nhflng cdng trinh<br /> md rdng tfl duydn cdch ddn nhit sang cdch<br /> vl dja danh Viet Nam sdm nhit. CuIn sdeh<br /> tilp edn ting hdp gIm dja ly hpe Ijeh sfl<br /> ndy dd nghidn cflu giai doan ljch sfl Vidt<br /> (historical geography), ngdn ngfl vdn hod<br /> Nam tfl nhd Tin, Han din Minh thude,<br /> vd dja danh hpc flng dyng. Sau ddy, bdi<br /> lflpc khao mdt so dja danh Vidt Nam, vd<br /> viit ndy se dilm lai ea ba cdch tilp edn trdn<br /> trdn ed sd dd tong kit ddc dilm duydn cdch<br /> ddy.<br /> ciia ede ddn vj hdnh chfnh Vift Nam:<br /> I. Nghidn ciJhi dja ly hpc l|ch avi v l "Nhilu qudn, huydn dflde Idp mdi hodc sdt<br /> dja danh Vift Nam nhdp, xod bd, d^c bidt Id sau ddi Lfldng, ddi<br /> Trln. Khao vl vj tri vd qua trinh thay dli<br /> Khd nhilu hpe gia Trung Qude eoi dja eua ehflng thfle sfl Id mpt cdng vife phfle<br /> danh hpe Id mdt chi nhdnh cua dja ly hpe tap" (3).<br /> <br /> * ThS. Trfldng Dai hpc Ngofii ngfl Ngofii thfldng Quang Ddng • Trung QuIc<br /> 40 Rghi&i cflu Lich sfl. sg 7.2011<br /> <br /> Mdt so cdng trinh dja Iy hpc Ijch sfl Vift Vu Thfldng Thanh hifu chfl, Viit Nam<br /> Nam eua nflde ngodi dflpc phidn djeh d tfldng si (1992) do Ddi Kha Lai phidn djeh,<br /> Tmng Quoe. Trflde hit, Phflng Thfla Qudn Dinh Nhai Thdng Ldm (1935) do Phflng<br /> da djeh ede cdng trinh Khdo vi qudn Tiipng Thfla Qudn hifu chfl. Si lieu giao thdng<br /> ddi Tdn Hdn, Khdo vi dia gidi An Nam dd giia Trung Qude vd phUOig Tdy (1977) do<br /> hd phi ddi Dudng ... cua Maspero, Bddi si Trfldng Tinh Lfldng chu bidn, ChUpfian chi<br /> liiu Chiim Thdnh, Khdo vi nhd Tdn ehiim (1998) do Dfldng Bde Vdn hifu chfl, Ddo di<br /> An Nam (La premiere conquete Chinoise chi lupc (1999) do Td K l Thinh hidu ehu...<br /> des Pays Annamites) eua L. Aurousseau vd Cde quyin Chi thich dia dU trong chinh si<br /> sdeh chuydn khao Lich si Chdm-pa eua cde ddi do Ddm Ky Tfldng chu bidn cd thu<br /> Maspero. Ngodi ra, edn viit Bdng duyin thdp cde ehu thfch cua ehfnh sfl ddi vdi dja<br /> cdch tinh, Ip An Nam. Mdt s l dja danh Vidt danh Vift Nam trong thdi ky Bde thude.<br /> Nam CO dai dflde khao cflu trong cdc cdng Mdt so saeh chuydn khao vd bdi viit bit<br /> trinh trdn. Phflng Thfla Qudn nhdn thiy diu bdn v l dja danh Vift Nam dfldi gdc<br /> ring vife Vidt Nam doi dflng chfl quoc ngfl nhin nhdn vdn, Uch sfl vd xd hdi, vf dy Qud<br /> se gdy ra anh hfldng to Idn tdi vipc sfl dyng, trinh nhd Minh lap vd bo qudn huyin dAn<br /> nghidn cflu dja danh Vift Nam: "Dja chf Nam (1961) cua Trln Chfldng, SU thay ddi<br /> cdn dai cua Vidt Nam ft dflpc ngfldi Trung da tin nUdc vd phdn cdp dOn vi fidnh<br /> Quoc bilt din. Tfl khi quoc ngfl Vift Nam ehinh (1993) efla Trln Ngpc Long, Cdi<br /> dflde pho biln, Han vdn gin nhfl bj bd hit. ngudn Giao Chi (1994) cua Dien Hiiu Vdn,<br /> Khi dpe sdeh sfl dja Vift Nam do ngfldi Tdy Quan hi phu thupe da An Nam trong giai<br /> viit, nlu khdng thao tiing Vift thi khd md dogn giia vd cudi nhd Diidng (1998) eua<br /> khdi phye ten eu dflpc" (4). Sau dd, Ddi Kha Mao Hdn Quang, Nude Dd Nguyin trong<br /> Lai da djch Ddt nUdc Viet Nam qua ede ddi Hdn Thu nin d 6c Eo Viit Nam (2006) eua<br /> (1973) mdt cdng tnnh tidu bilu efla nhd Tfldng Quoe Hpc, ludn an tiln si An Nam<br /> sfl hpe Vift Nam Ddo Duy Anh. Tdc gia edn dd hp phi vd biin cUOng miin Nam nhd<br /> hif u chfl Gia Dinh thdnh thdng ehi (1991) Dudng (2010) eua Trln Quoe Bao. Dgi ti<br /> efla Trinh Hodi Dflc, trong dd ghi ehu sfl diin dia danh lich si Trung Quoc (2005) do<br /> thay doi efla mdt so dja danh hdnh ehfnh, Sfl Vi Lac chfl bidn da thu thdp vd khao<br /> vd xfl ly sd bd dja. danh chfl Ndm. Linh ehflng tl mi cdc dia danh Vift Nam trong<br /> ngogi dgi ddp do Dfldng Vu Tuyln hifu chfl thdi ky BIC thude. Ddu tich cddgi trong dia<br /> (1999) da khao vl ede dja danh Thdi Binh danh Viet Nam (5) cua Quach Thanh Ba<br /> Trai, On Nhudn Trai... Canh Huf Linh cd dfla ra kit ludn Id ehi dd hdnh ehfnh<br /> bdi vidt Diin tich dia danh trin vdn kfide Trung QuIc anh hfldng manh din dja danh<br /> Viit Nam. Vift Nam, tuy nhidn sfl anh hfldng ndy<br /> dang ngdy cdng suy giam.<br /> Khi phidn dieh, hifu dinh, chfl thich ede<br /> loai el tjch vl thdng sfl Vidt Nam vd ljch sfl Cde cdng trinh v l dja ly hdnh ehinh<br /> giao thdng, ede hpc gia Tmng Quoc eung ed cung cd bdn v l dia danh ljch sfl eua Vift<br /> chfl thfch dja danh Vift Nam hflu quan, vf Nam, vi dy Dia ly hdnh ehinh Tdy Hdn<br /> dy Dgi Viet si ky todn thU hiiu dinh (1984- (1987) eua Chu Chd'n Hac, Cuong vUc vd<br /> 1986), Dgi Viet si lUpc hiiu dinh (1987) ciia don vi hdnh chinh Lue Triiu (2001) cua Hi<br /> Trln Kinh Hod, An Nam ehi lUpc (1987) do A Tfldng, Dia ly chi Tam Qude (2004) cua<br /> Sia danh hpc Vi6t Ram d Tnmg Qugc... 41<br /> <br /> Lflu Doan Ldn, Dia ly hdnh chinh nhd Ngd chfl ludn ludn ed vj tri quan trpng. Mdt<br /> Tmng QuIc (2008) cua Trln Kifn Mai... mdt, khi Tay hpe du nhdp Trung Quoc,<br /> Gin ddy n h i t Id Tfidng si dOn vi fidnh khoa hpc xd hdi eua Trung Quoc lae hdu<br /> chinh Trung Qudi: do Chu Chin Hac chu hdn so vdi phfldng Tdy, eho ndn phidn djeh<br /> bidn, trong dd quyin nhd Dfldng do Qudeh cdng tiinh nghidn cflu dja danh Vift Nam<br /> Thanh Ba viit dd thu thdp, khao ehflng efla hpe gia phfldng Tdy eung trd ndn ein<br /> hdn 200 dja danh ljch sfl Vift Nam. Ludn thilt. "^ nghia eua djeh phim Phiing Thfla<br /> dn tiln si Dia ly hdnh ehinh nhd Nguyin Qudn Id dfla phfldng phdp ngdn ngfl hpe so<br /> (1989) cua Vfldng Dinh, Cdc phi chdu li sdnh Hch sfl vdo dja danh hpc, ldm cho<br /> thupe nhd Dudng (1997) cua Lflu Thing cd phfldng phdp nghidn cflu efla dja danh hpe<br /> nghidn cflu khd sdu vl dja danh hdnh phd v3 sfl han ehe eua dja danh hpe truyin<br /> ehfnh ddi Dfldng vd ddi Minh. thong (6). Mat khde, d thdi ky edn hidn dai,<br /> Dja diem cua qudn Tfldng ddi Tin, Hdn mdt so thdnh qua nghidn cflu hch sfl, efldng<br /> vfle eua tdc gia Vidt Nam dfldi gdc nhin<br /> Id mdt vlh d l dja danh Vift Nam dflpc hpe<br /> ridng efla Vift Nam da ra ddi. NhQng cdng<br /> gia Trung QuIc tranh cdi gay git nhit. Mdt<br /> trinh ndy cd gid tri tham khao ddi vdi hpe<br /> phdi Id quan dilm cua Hdn thU - Dia l^ chi<br /> gia Tnmg Quoe, cho ndn ein lfla chpn de<br /> (do L. Aurousseau khao chflng) vdi nhflng<br /> phidn djeh vd hifu chfl. Vf dy, Viet Nam si<br /> hpe gia nhfl Phflng Thfla Qudn, Qudeh Mae<br /> lupc cua Trln Trpng Kim "Id bd thdng sfl<br /> Nhfl, Trinh Quang Dy, Ddm Thdnh Min...<br /> Vipt Nam diu tidn viit bing chfl qude ngfl<br /> Phdi thfl hai Id quan diem cua Hdn thU<br /> vdi ldp trfldng khach quan, sfl lifu ddng tin<br /> Chiiu Di ky (do Maspero, Ddo Duy Anh<br /> c$y, ddnh diu mft giai doan mdi eua sfl hpe<br /> khao chflng) vdi cde chuydn gia nhfl Ddm<br /> Vift Nam" (7). Chinh vi v^y, djch phim<br /> Ky Ldn, Mdng Vdn Thdng, Chu ChSii Hac...<br /> mang tdn Viet Nam thdng si dk trd thdnh<br /> Qua nhflng phan tfch trdn, ed thi nhin sach chuydn khao khdng thi tbilu cho vifc<br /> thiy ring, DDHVN d Trung QuIe dfldi gdc nghidn cflu lieh sfl Vidt Nam.<br /> nhin dja ly hpe ljch sfl cd ba ddc dilm sau<br /> Thi ba, cdng tnnh khoa hpc hifn ed ft<br /> ddy:<br /> nghien cflu dja danh Vidt Nam sau thdi ky<br /> Thi nhdt, vin thidn v l duydn cdch vd<br /> Bie thufc. Nguydn nhan ehfnh Id ede nhd<br /> khao cflu do sfl anh hfldng efla dja danh<br /> dia ly hpc ljch sfl d Tmng Quoe ehfla coi<br /> hpe tmyIn thong, md It quan tdm din quan<br /> Vift Nam Id mdt doi tfldng nghidn eiiu ddc<br /> hf tfldng tae gifla dja danh vd mdi trfldng<br /> Idp, eho ndn da so cdng trinh la nhdm phye<br /> xd hdi. Cde nhd dja ly hpc ljch sfl Tmng<br /> vy cho nghidn ciiu dja ly hpc hch sfl Tmng<br /> Qude thfldng chi dfla vdo sdeh eo, eho ndn<br /> QuIe. Chflng tdi eho ring, phai eoi dja<br /> ehi ed thi nghidn cflu dja danh Vift Nam<br /> danh Vidt Nam Id mft ddi tflpng nghien<br /> chdp bing chfl Hdn, trong dd dja danh<br /> cflu ehinh thi, tfl el dai din edn dai, mdi ed<br /> hdnh chfnh Id chfnh. Neu cd t h i tiln hdnh<br /> the phdc hoa ra todn eanh eua dja danh<br /> diin dd, hdp tdc vdi dong nghifp Vift Nam,<br /> Vift Nam dfldi gdc nhin dja ly hpe hch sfl.<br /> chic ed thi di sdu hdn nfla, chfl khdng phai<br /> ehi phan bif n dfla vdo sfl lif u trong sdeh el II. Nghien cufu ngon ngut van hoa v l<br /> dl bif n ludn. dja danh Viet Nam<br /> Thi hai, ddi vdi dja ly hpc ljch sfl edn Dia danh Id mdt hifn tfldng ngdn ngfl<br /> hifn dai eua Tmng QuIc, phidn djeh, hifu ddc bidt. Dfldi hinh thfle ngdn ngfl ndy,<br /> 42 Rghito eihi Lieh siSr. s l 7.2011<br /> <br /> thfldng I n chfla nhflng ban sic vdn hod, cd Hoa, Nghiin ciu vi dia danh fidnh chinh<br /> the phan anh bd mdt Ijeh sfl cua ddi song Viit Nam (2007) eua Luc Ldi Qudn, Nghiin<br /> xd hdi. Dja danh Id chd't tai efla ngdn ngfl ciu vi dia danh Ldo Cai (2010) efla Ly Lf<br /> vd vdn hod. Id mdt dilm kit hdp quan trpng Quydn. Nhin chung. Lye Lpi Qudn vd Ly<br /> eua ngdn ngfl hpc vd vdn hod hpc. Nghidn Lf Quydn kit hdp gdc nhin dong dai vdi<br /> cflu ngdn ngfl vdn hod Id linh vfle quan ljch dai, chu ylu nghien cflu v l mdt ngdn<br /> trpng cua DDHVN d Trung Quoc, tuy nhidn ngfl, vdn hoa cua dja danh, trong khi Trln<br /> dfldc triln khai khd mudn do nhieu nguydn K l Hoa chfl yeu nghidn cflu trdn binh difn<br /> nhdn khde nhau. dong dai nhim mye dieh flng dyng. Cae<br /> ludn an thac si trdn nghidn cflu sdu hdn,<br /> Sii thay ddi da phd'ngUdi Dudng Tp. Ho<br /> rdng hdn so vdi bdi bdo khoa hpe trdn tap<br /> Chi Minh (1993) eua Thim Ldp Tan viit<br /> chf, ed y nghia khd quan trpng trong vide<br /> rang: "Da so dfldng vd pho d Chd Ldn mang<br /> thuc dly sfl phdt trien cua DDHVN d<br /> ten tieng Phdp, bien dfldng vd pho Id tdn<br /> Tmng Quoe.<br /> djch chfl Han" (8), trong dd ed p h i Quang<br /> Ddng, pho Phfle Kiln, pho Vdn Nam ... Ngdn ngi hgc vdn hod Viet Nam (2006)<br /> Nhflng bdi vie't ndy mang tinh gidi thifu efla Ky Quang Mflu ddnh mdt chfldng cho<br /> hdn Id nghien cflu. Sii dnh hiidng da vdn mil quan hf gifla dja danh vd vdn hod - xa<br /> fiod dia danh Trung Quoc dot vdi Viit Nam hdi Vift Nam, ey t h i Id ddc trflng ngdn ngfl<br /> (2001) efla Hoa Ldm Phu da td'ng kit ddc hpc cua dja danh, ddc trflng vdn hod kinh<br /> diem cua quan hf hch sfl vdn hod ddc bif t t l efla dja danh, dja danh vdi tam Iy dan<br /> gifla hai nflde qua dja danh Vift Nam. Cae tdc, dja danh vdi ljch sfl vdn hod vd ehinh<br /> nhd dia ly hpe ljch sfl Trung QuIc da trj (10). Nghiin ciu vi ngdn ngi vd vdn<br /> nghidn cflu dja danh Viet Nam khd nhilu hod Viit Nam (2008) eua Pham Hong Quy<br /> trong khudn kho dja danh hpc truyin da nghidn cflu v l vdn hod dja danh, qua dd<br /> thong, cho ndn ed t h i tdn dyng ede loai khao sdt mdt s l biln dli trong ljch sfl Viet<br /> sach CO bing chfl Hdn eua Tmng Quoe vd Nam (11). Dja danh Vift Nam di vdo hai<br /> Vift Nam dl nghidn cflu vd'n dl vdn hod cdng trinh chuydn khao trdn, ddnh diu nd<br /> cua dia danh Vift Nam. dd trd thanh ddi tfldng khdng thi thiiu<br /> trong nghien cflu ngdn ngfl, vdn hod Vidt<br /> Trong khi Vift Nam hpc phdt triln rim<br /> Nam ndi ridng, trong Vift Nam hpc ndi<br /> rd d Trung Quoc, dja danh Viet Nam dflpc<br /> chung.<br /> quan tdm ngdy cdng nhilu. Tin niidc Dgi<br /> Co Viit vd phdn tich ngi nghia Vuong Nghidn cflu ngdn ngfl, vdn hod eua dia<br /> Lang Quy (2000) efla Ky Quang Mflu phdn danh Vift Nam d Trung Quoe ed ba ddc<br /> tfch y nghia efla Dai Co Vift tfl gdc dp vdn dilm nhfl sau:<br /> tfl, hch sfl. Phdn logi ngi nguyin dia danh Thi nhdt, ehu t h i nghidn cflu va<br /> Viet Nam (2010) cua Trln K l Hoa liy cdch phfldng phdp nghidn ciiu ngdy cdng mang<br /> dpc Han Vift ldm tieu chf de phdn loai dia tfnh lidn ngdnh. Cde ngdnh dja ly hpc hch<br /> danh Viet Nam (9). Dilu dang chfl y Id, sfl, ngdn ngfl hpe vdn hod, ddn tpc hpe diu<br /> mdy ndm gin day, mdt so ludn dn thac si d quan tdm din ddc tning ngdn ngfl, vdn hoa<br /> Tmng Qude da Id'y dja danh Vift Nam ldm efla dja danh Vift Nam. Sy triing hpp ndy<br /> ddi tfldng nghien ciiu, ey t h i Id Dia danh Id do vj tri quan trpng eua dja danh Vift<br /> hdnh chinh Viet Nam (2005) efla Trln K l Nam trong hf thing Vift Nam hpe d Trung<br /> Bia danh hpc Vi&t Ram 6 Trung Quge.. 43<br /> <br /> Quoc. Trong Knh vfle ndy, phfldng phdp thfle ndy da k h i n g djnh tinh quan trpng vd<br /> phdn tfch da ngdnh d i n d i n dflde dp dyng, sfl c i n t h i l t efla cdng tdc nghidn ciiu<br /> t h i hifn rd r f t ddc t n i n g da ngdnh eua dja phfldng phdp XLDDVN trong tiing Han.<br /> danh hpc.<br /> Mdt s l sdeh cdng ey ra ddi de ddp iing<br /> Thi hai, dpi ngu nghidn cflu dflpc b l nhu e l u sfl dyng dja danh Vidt Nam cua xa<br /> sung vd tre hod. Ngodi chuydn gia, hpe gia hdi. Uy ban Dia danh Trung Qude da bidn<br /> noi t i i n g ra, mdt so nhd nghidn cflu tre tdp sd tay dia danh nUdc ngodi (1983), r l i<br /> trong ngdnh Vift Nam hpc, dja Iy hpc hch t h i m djnh Sd tay dia danh tfiigidi (1984)<br /> sfl cung b i t d i u nghien cflu dja danh Vift vdi hdn 3000 dja danh Vidt Nam. Cho d i n<br /> Nam, tidu bieu nhd't Id ba ludn dn thac si nay, hai sd tay ndy v i n Id sach cdng ey tra<br /> nhfl trdn da de cdp. cflu dia danh nUde ngodi ed uy tfn nhd't d<br /> Thi ba, sd Ifldng thdnh qua nghidn cflu Trung Quoe. So tay dia danh hdnh chinh<br /> v i n cdn ft. Ngay ea s l ngfldi trong ngdnh Viit Nam (2004) do Tflng Quoe T h i n g chu<br /> Vift Nam hpc d T m n g Qude cung cd ban, bidn da dich hdn 10 nghin dja danh hdnh<br /> chfl chfla ndi d i n s l ngfldi nghidn cflu ve chinh Vift Nam tfnh d i n cuoi ndm 2002, vd<br /> dja danh Vift Nam. Gidi dja Iy hpe ljch sfl dat Ta mdt so nguyen t i e xfl ly cd ban, ddc<br /> T m n g Quoe eung mdi b i t d i u di vdo linh bidt nhin manh phfldng phdp xfl ly ten<br /> vfle ndy. Nhfl vdy, so Ifldng vd chd't Iflpng ehung vd ten ehung dflde sfl dyng lam danh<br /> nghidn cflu d i u cdn hpn c h i ddng k l . Cai tfl ridng (danh tfl ridng hod) (12).<br /> khoang t r i n g ndy se dflpc bfl lyi dfldi sy c l Trong khi bdn v l nguydn tdc vd phfldng<br /> ging chung cua cde ngdnh khoa hpe hflu phap cd ban trong vide xfl ly dja danh nflde<br /> quan d Trung QuIe. ngodi trong tiing Han, gidi dia danh hpc<br /> III. N g h i d n ciifu flng d y n g x a h p i ciia Trung Quoe nhd'n manh phai dung nguydn<br /> dja d a n h Vidt N a m chfl Han efla dja danh Vift Nam tiing dflde<br /> Nghidn cflu v l flng dyng xa hdi cua dja ghi chdp b i n g chfl Han. Dia danh hgc ing<br /> danh Vift Nam thude pham trfl dja danh dung (1994) cho r i n g : "Dia danh phi Han<br /> hpc flng dyng (pratical toponymy). Dja ngfl dfldc ghi chdp b i n g chfl Han, thdng<br /> danh hpe flng dyng Id mdt chi nhdnh ciia thfldng khdng phidn dm, md phai dflng<br /> dja danh hpc, chfl y l u nghidn cflu v l ngfl nguydn each viet chfl Han dd. Ddy Id<br /> am, cdch v i i t cua dja danh, xfl ly dja danh phfldng phdp gifl ed'u hinh bd ngfl dm" (13).<br /> nflde ngodi trong tiing Tmng Bdi Thi pfidn tich viic ddi ten ggi Hdn<br /> (transformation of geographical names Thdnh sang Seoul (2005) ndu rd, nhflng dja<br /> &om foreign languages into Chinese) eung danh tiing dflde ghi chdp b i n g chfl Han efla<br /> nhfl lflu trfl, tim kilm, quan ly dja danh. Nhdt Ban, Trilu Tien, Vidt Nam nen dflde<br /> Nghidn cflu flng dyng efla dja danh Vift xfl ly trong tiing Han b i n g each chuyen tfl<br /> Nam d Trung Qude hifn dang tdp t m n g (transliteration), tfle Id dflng chfl Han<br /> trong phfldng phdp xfl ly trong tiing Han. c h u i n hidn h a n h thay cho chfl Hdn von cd<br /> (14). Bdi Bdn vi cdch xi ly dia danh nUdc<br /> Trong Quy tdc xi ly dia danh nUde<br /> ngodi nhd'n manh phai dflng nguydn chfl<br /> ngodi (1978) do Uy ban Dja danh T m n g<br /> Han von dfldc sfl dyng d l ghi chdp dja<br /> Qude cdng b l , d i l u 8 vd dilu 10 d i u cd hen<br /> danh tiing Nhdt, tid'ng Trilu Tien, tiing<br /> quan d i n vife xfl ly dja danh Vift Nam<br /> Vidt Nam (15). Su thay ddi da dia gidi<br /> (XLDDVN) trong t i i n g Hdn. Vdn ban chinh<br /> 44 Hghi&i eihi Lich siSr. sg 7.2011<br /> <br /> hdnh ehinh Viet Nam 30 ndm nay (2006) vin d l khdng nhd, ed the gdy anh hfldng<br /> eua Chu Djnh Quoc nhdn djnh ring, Vift tnic tiep tdi sfl phdt trien cua Enh vfle ndy,<br /> Nam Id mdt trong nhflng quoe gia thay doi vi t h i ein phai ndu ra di tim cdch giai<br /> dja gidi nhilu nhit, thfldng xuydn nhd't quylt.<br /> tren the gidi trong 30 ndm nay, nhilu dja Thi nfidt, Unh quan trpng cua dja danh<br /> danh hdnh ehinh eung thay di doi lai. Viet Nam ehfla dflde nhdn thfle dflng mflc.<br /> Nhd xuit ban Ban di Tmng QuIc da Mdt mdt, dra vdi gidi nghien ciiu, giang day<br /> xud't ban Ban do bdn dao Ddng Dfldng ngoai ngfl d Tmng QuIc, cdng trinh nghidn<br /> (1971) vd Ban do Vift Nam - Ldo - Cam-pu- cflu v l dja danh nflde ngodi thfldng ehi Id<br /> chia (2008), trdn ban do ndm 2008 ed xfl ly san phim phy trong nghien cflu ngdn ngfl,<br /> mdt so dja danh Vift Nam trong tiing Hdn. vdn hod "ehinh tdng". Tuy nhidn, do quan<br /> Vifn Nghidn cflu Dja danh thude Bd Dan hf ddc bift "dong ehflng, ding vdn" gifla<br /> ehfnh da xay dflng mdt kho dfl lipu dja Tmng Quoe vd Vift Nam, gid trj ngdn ngfl,<br /> danh Vift Nam. Tap ehi Dia danh hoc d van hod vd ljch sfl eua dja danh Vift Nam<br /> Trung Qude chfl ylu Id Dia danh Trung bao gid eung khde b i n dia danh eua nhflng<br /> Qude, CiiOng vUc Trung Qude, cd in mdt so nflde n i m ngodi vflng vdn hod Hdn. Mat<br /> cdng trinh nghien cflu vl dja danh Vift khde, vin cdn mdt so y kiln khae nhau<br /> Nam. trong dpi ngu Vidt ngfl hpc. Cd ngfldi eho<br /> ring da so dja danh Vift Nam dflng tfl Han<br /> Vi dia danh Vift Nam tiing dflpc ghi<br /> Vift, vd ten djeh cua da so dja danh ldn dd<br /> chdp bdng chfl Han, ndn gidi dja danh hpe<br /> dflde xac djnh, edn cdc ldp dja danh khde<br /> Tmng Quoe ludn ludn quan tdm din vife<br /> thi khdng dang quan tam nhilu. Chflng tdi<br /> flng dyng dja danh Viet Nam. Tuy nhien,<br /> cho ring, XLDDVN trong tiing Han khdng<br /> nhdn thfle cua dpi ngu ndy doi vdi ddc diem<br /> chi Id vd'n d l xfl ly dia danh Hdn Vift, hdn<br /> ngdn ngfl, chfl viet efla dja danh Vift Nam<br /> t h i nfla, dja danh Hdn Viet edn ed gia trj<br /> bj ban chi bdi vi khdng bilt tiing Vift, each<br /> hpe thudt ddc bift ddi vdi Tmng Qude ciing<br /> trinh bdy eung qud ddn gian. Miy ndm gin<br /> nhfl Vift Nam.<br /> day, mdt so bai viit trdn tap chf khoa hpc<br /> vd ludn an thac si efla gidi Vidt ngfl hpc Thi hai, phfldng phdp XLDDVN trong<br /> Tmng Quoc b i t diu bdn vl vd'n d l ndy, tiing Han chfla dflde hodn thifn. Dja danh<br /> giai quylt dfldc mdt so vlh dl ly thuyet Vift Nam dflde sfl dyng ngdy cdng nhilu vd<br /> trong vife XLDDVN trong tieng Han. Ly Lf pho bien trong giao lflu hai nflde, nhflng<br /> Quydn ddnh mdt chfldng ridng de bdn vl vin cdn nhilu ton tai trong phfldng phdp<br /> vin de xfl ly dja danh cd nguon goe Quan xfl ly vi thieu nghidn cflu Iy thuylt, vi dy<br /> thoai Tdy Nam Tmng Qude, Trln K l Hoa tdn ehung eua ddn vj hdnh chfnh khdng<br /> tnic tiep liy vife XLDDVN trong tiing Han thong nhit, dflng chfl sai cho dja danh Han<br /> ldm doi tfldng nghidn cflu trong ea ludn an Vift, xfl ly dja danh chfl Ndm khdng hdp ly,<br /> thac si Iln mdt s i b a i bdo khoa hpc. phien dm song song vdi dich nghia... Theo<br /> thien y eua ehung tdi, phin "Dja danh ehfla<br /> rv. Nhijfng van d l ton tai chdp bing chfl Hdn cua Trilu Tidn, Nh^t<br /> Vdi s't CO gang bin bi trong nhilu ndm, Ban, Vift Nam..., cd t h i phidn dm theo<br /> DDHVN d Trung Quoc da ed thdnh tflu khd each dpc" trong dilu 10, phin "D^i vdi tdn<br /> dang kl, tuy nhidn eung edn t i n tai mdt s l ehung dja ly cua dja danh Ddng Nam A,<br /> Bia danh hpc Vi^ Ram d Tnmg Qugc... 45<br /> <br /> thfldng phidn dm tnide rli lai djeh nghia" Thi nhdt, di sdu trien khai nghidn eiiu<br /> trong dilu 8 cua Quy tdc xi ly dia danh ly thuylt vd flng dyng. Trdn binh dif n Iy<br /> nUdc ngodi trong tiing Hdn diu cin phai thuylt, phai vdn dyng tong hdp eae phfldng<br /> sfla lai. Vdn ban quy phym dd thi, thi phdp ngdn ngfl hpc, vdn hod hpc, sfl hpe, dja<br /> khdng cin giai thfch thdm nfla vl sfl d p ly hpc, dja danh hpc dl khai thac gid tri<br /> bdch vd cin thilt cua vife chuin hod ngdn ngfl vdn hod vd dja ly, lich sfl eua dja<br /> phfldng phdp XLDDVN trong tiing Hdn. danh Vidt Nam. Khdng ehi nghidn cflu diu<br /> Thi ba, hdp tdc nghidn cflu khoa hpe r i t tfch ciia vdn hod Tnmg Quoc co dai trong<br /> ft. Vi khdng bilt ho^c khdng thyo tiing dja danh Vift Nam, md edn ein nghien ciiu<br /> Vidt, ede nhd dja danh hpc dja Iy hpc hch qud trinh tilp nhdn, eai tyo vdn hod Tmng<br /> sfl Trung Quoc ehi ed t h i dflng tdi hfu chfl Qude (eiing nhfl mdt s l nin vdn hod nflde<br /> Hdn hodc tdi lifu qua phidn djeh, edn ede ngodi khde) eua hf thong dja danh Vift<br /> nhd Vift ngfl hpc lyi thiiu phfldng phdp Nam ndi ridng, hf thong vdn hod Vift Nam<br /> nghidn cflu eua dja danh hpe, dja ly hpe ljch ndi ehung, vd mye dfch cura ciing Id qua dd<br /> sfl. Sfl giao Iflu gifla 3 ngdnh trdn edn r i t dl phan tfch phfldng thfle tfl duy vd ban sle<br /> it, nhflng thdnh qua nghidn cflu giao thoa vdn hod Vift Nam. Trdn binh difn iing<br /> hifn ed h i u h i t Id hdnh vi tfl phdt, chfl dyng, phai tdn dyng nhiing thdnh qua<br /> khdng phai thdng qua giao Iflu, hpp tdc lidn nghidn eihi Iy thuylt dl sdm ldp ra nguydn<br /> ngdnh. Ding thdi, sfl giao Iflu v l dja danh tie vd phfldng phap XLDDVN trong tiing<br /> hpc gifla Tmng QuIc vd Vift Nam cung Hdn.<br /> ed n qud ft, dfl ed cung ehi d elp dd cd<br /> Thi hai, tdng cfldng hdp tdc lidn ngdnh<br /> nhdn.<br /> d Tmng Qude. Do bii canh tri thfle, tfnh<br /> Thay cho Idri k i t chd't cdng tdc, mye dfch nghidn cflu khac<br /> Dja danh Vift Nam Id mdt dli tfldng nhau, 3 ngdnh dja ly hpe ljch sfl, Vift ngfl<br /> nghidn cflu rd't cd y nghla trong chuydn hpe, dja danh hpe cd gdc nhin khde nhau<br /> ngdnh Vift Nam hpe d Tmng Quoc. Sd di doi vdi dja danh Vift Nam, nhflng sfl giao<br /> DDHVN d Tmng Quoc dat dflpc nhflng thoa eua ehu thi nghidn cflu vd phfldng<br /> thdnh qua trdn, nguydn nhdn cdn ban Id phdp nghidn cflu Id dilu td't nhidn. Xu t h i<br /> gid trj to ldn cua dja danh Vift Nam trong ndy dflpc thi hifn cdng rd hdn trong khi<br /> linh vfle ngdn ngfl vdn hod vd dja ly - Ijch nghidn cflu vd'n dl vdn hod efla dja danh<br /> sfl. Di sdu nghidn eiiu dja danh Vift Nam Vift Nam bdng phfldng phdp dia ly hpe ljch<br /> mf t cdch ting hdp bing phfldng phdp da sfl, eung nhfl nghidn cflu phfldng phap xfl<br /> ngdnh, se tdng ehilu sdu vd ehilu rpng cua ly trong tiing Han bing phfldng phdp ngdn<br /> Vift Nam hpc d Tmng Quoc, gdp thdm mdt ngfl, vdn hod vd dja ly hpc hch sfl.<br /> gdc nhin mdi cho sfl giao lflu vdn hod gifla Thi ba, dly manh giao lflu hdp tdc gifla<br /> hai nflde, gdp phin thfle hifn tit hdn nfla Tmng Quoc vd Vift Nam. Dja danh Vift<br /> chflc ndng phue vy xd hpi eua dja danh Nam Id di san vdn hod cua dan tpe Vift<br /> Vift Nam. Nam, nhflng dja danh Han Vift lai Id di<br /> Dflng trflde nhflng ton tpi nhfl trdn, ein san vdn hod ehung cua ca vflng vdn hod<br /> phai dly mynh nghidn cflu dja danh Vift Hdn, ddy chinh Id ed sd dl hpc gia hai nflde<br /> Nam d Trung QuIc theo nhflng hfldng sau triln khai hpp tae. Ldp dja danh dflde d^t<br /> ddy: tdn bing tiing ndi dan tdc xuydn bidn gidi<br /> 46 Rghi&n cihi Lieh sJr. s g 7.2011<br /> <br /> gifla hai nflde cung Id doi tfldng c i n dfldc cd the tiep cdn n h i l u sdeh H a n Ndm. Sfl<br /> hpc gia hai nflde eflng quan tdm. Di sdn giao lflu vd hdp tdc ndy ed y nghia h i t sflc<br /> Hdn Ndm Viit Nam - thU muc diyiu, Di sdn quan trpng dH vdi sfl phdt t r i l n hdn nfla eua<br /> Hdn Ndm Viit Nam ihu muc di yiu bd di DDHVN d Trung QuIc. D i n g thdi, thdng<br /> vk Viit Nam hdn vdn yin hdnh vdn hiin tap qua sfl cdng tdc vdi dong nghifp Trung<br /> thdnh da eung elp kinh nghif m vd Idng lin QuIc, cdc nhd nghidn ciiu Vift Nam cd t h i<br /> eho sfl hdp tdc trong Enh vfle nghien eiiu dja sdm khdi phye todn canh dja danh Hch sfl<br /> danh Vift Nam. Trong qud tiinh ndy, hpc eua Vift Nam, tao dieu kifn eho vife phdt<br /> gia Trung Quoc vfla cd t h i tdn dyng nhiing huy tot hdn nfla cua dja danh ljch sfl Vift<br /> thdnh qua dd ed eua hpe gia Vift Nam, vfla Nam trong xd hdi ngdy nay.<br /> <br /> <br /> CHUTHtCH<br /> (1). Triu Dit Lan, Ddm IQ> Tumg bdn vi dia (8). Thl[m Lip Tin, SU thay doi cua phdNgiM<br /> danh hgc, Nghien cihi dia danh hgc, KhUu Hong Dudng d Tp Ho Chi Minh [J] Sfl Lim. 1993 (3), tr.<br /> ChUdng chu bidn. Nxb. Nhan dan Lieu Ninh, nim 67-74.<br /> 1984, Thim DUdng. tr. 3. (9). TrSn Kl Hoa. Phdn logi dm danh Viet Nam<br /> (2). Du Hudng Ddng, Hiin trang vd suy nghia theo ngit nguyin [J] Nghidn ciiu Ddng Nam A, 2010 (2).<br /> vi Viit Nam hgc d Trung Qude, Hpc bio dai hpc (10). K;^ Quang Muu, Ngdn ngS hgc vdn hod<br /> Trinh Chiu, 2005 (6), tr. 154-157. tieng Viet, Nxb. Nghe nhin Ngo^i ngQ Quin Giai<br /> (3). Ld Chfnh Phii. An Nam trong thdi qu^n phdng. Lac Ditdng. 2006. tr. 373-385.<br /> huyin, Ldi dSn. tr. 3, Nxb. ThUdng mai tfn thU (11). Pham Hing Qu^. LUu Chf Cudng. Nghiin<br /> quin, 1945. ciiu ngdn ngQ vdn hod Viet Nam, Nxb. Dan tQc.<br /> (4). Phfing Thfla Quin, Bdng duyin cdch tinh Bic Kinh. 2008, tr. 80-90.<br /> 16 An Nam, Nxb. ThUdng vy tfn thU quin. Bic (12). Tdng Qud'c Thing chu bidn, So tay dia<br /> Kinh. 1962. tr. 124. danh hdnh chinh Viet Nam, Nxb. Nghi Vin Quin<br /> (5). Bii niy da tham gia Hdi thao quoc tl: su. Bic Kinh, 2004, Thi 1§. tr. 1-4.<br /> Nghien ciiu vi giang day tiing Vi$t lin thii nhtft. (13). VUdng Tl Ddng. Dja danh hgc iing dung,<br /> (6). Hin Quang Huy. Ba giai doan phdt triin Nxb. Xa hpi Trung Qude. Bic Kinh. 1994. tr. 202-204.<br /> cHa dia danh hgc Trung Qude, Hioa hpc xa hdi (14). Pho Thi^n Tin.<br /> Bic Kinh. 1995 (4). tr. 95-100. http://www.zsdmw.com/dmwh/shownew8.a8p?ID=2<br /> (7). Trin Kinh Hoi, Qui trinh vin minh khai 44. Mang d^a danh Chiu Sdn.<br /> hoa cua Vidt Nam Nguyin TrUdng T? vi Trin (15). Hiia Trilt Minh. VUdng Minh Chf. Bdn vi<br /> Trpng Kim, theo Ldi dich gia ciia Viet Nam si lUdc phuang phdp xi ly dia danh nUdc ngodi trong<br /> ciia Trin Trpng Kim do Ddi Kha Lai djch, Nxb. tiing Hdn, Bidn d|ch tdng lu^n, tr. 146. Dii Loan<br /> ThUdng vy tfn thu quin. Bic Kinh, 1992. tr. 5. qude lip bidn djch quin. 2008.<br />