Distinctive effects between hydrothermal and ultrasound synthesized sno2 nanoparticles on ceramic Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ superconductor

The effect of additions of two series of SnO2 nanoparticles synthesized using two different methods on crystal structure and superconductivity of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ (BPSCCO) superconductors was investigated. Two series of spherical SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized independently by using ultra-sonication (US-SnO2) and hydrothermal (HT-SnO2) methods.