Động thái quá trình lên men vang nho

HOAT DONG NGHIEN CUU UNG DUNG -<br /> TRIEN KHAI KHOA HOC CONG NGHE.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> lao dong gia re. Trong giai doan<br /> O N G T H A I<br /> hoi nhap chi phi nhan cong lai trd<br /> thanh thir yeu.<br /> Q U A T R I N H<br /> Cdng ty NITAGREX xay dung<br /> thuong hieu nham muc dich tao<br /> cho minh mdt siic manh canh tranh L E N M E N V A N G N H O<br /> hiiu hieu tren thuong truong, nhat<br /> la xuat khau d thi trudng kho tinh TRI THRRR HW1G. nGUVGll 000RG HBO, IE OOflOG OUYER. IE TROI TlOH<br /> nhu Hoa Ky, EU va de tao lap cho PHAO COOC RIER. LE URR CRRRH.HOARG THI IE THlRG UA GURG SU<br /> minh mdt tai san lam budc khdi<br /> dau cho viec tich luy gia tri. Cac Tom tdt: San xuat vang Id bat budc trong qua trinh san<br /> gia tri do chat luong tdt ciia san giai doan bat budc trong qua xuat ruou Brandy. Nhu vay,<br /> pham nhan dieu, tinh tin cay ciia trinh san xuat ruou Brandy. muon cd Brandy thi trudc tien<br /> cac qua trinh che bien - mua - ban,<br /> Muc tieu cua nghien ciiu nay phai cd vang. Noi each khac,<br /> hoat dong xuat - nhap khau duoc<br /> Id nhdm xdc dinh thdi gian len muon cd Brandy ngon thi dieu<br /> chirng nhan phii hop vdi ISO 9001<br /> - HACCP va uy tin ciia cdng ty men. ty le dirong thich hop cho kien tien quyet la phai cd vang<br /> se duoc tich luy vao thuong hieu. qua trinh san xuat ruou vang ngon. Mudn cd vang ngon thi<br /> Cdng ty NITAGREX se cd mdt tai nho chdt lirong cao. Chung phai cd nguyen lieu tdt (chiem<br /> san dang ke neu thuong hieu manh tdi sir dung gidng nho Syrah, 60% chat luong san pham).<br /> len trong tuong lai. Dieu quan cluing ndm men N — chung dd Hien nay, viing nguyen lieu nho<br /> trong va can clui y d day la tai san dime phdn lap vd tuyen chon ciia Ninh Thuan da va dang khai<br /> do thuong hieu manh se duoc tich trong nghien ciru trudc day. thac, phat trien nhieu giong<br /> liiy tir tin trudng nude ngoai va<br /> Ket qua nghien ciru dd xdc dinh nho rupu cd chat lupng tdt<br /> ton tai d ngay chinh thi trudng nay<br /> dirac lirong dirong phu hap de nhu Syrah, Pinot Chardonnay,<br /> de cdng ty NITAGREX co the sir<br /> dung va khai thac tai chd. Cong ty len men vang nho Id 200 g/ Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlet<br /> da dang ky bao ho nhan hieu hang lit; ndng dd ruou thu duoc let 519/504, Chambourcin, Anden<br /> hda trong va ngoai nude. Hien 10,8%, dat hieu sudt 43% so va Rubired.... Trong dd, gidng<br /> nay, Cdng ty da duoc cap van vdi luong dudng cd trong qua nho ruou duoc trdng nhieu nhat<br /> bang nhan hieu hang hoa tai Viet trinh len men. Ket qua khao sat la gidng Syrah. Ben canh dd,<br /> Nam, da dang ky bao ho thuong ddng thai ctia qua trinh len men de cd duoc ruou ngon chiing ta<br /> hieu tai My, EU va Trung Qudc. vang nho cho thdy sd luong te can phai co chiing nam men tdt<br /> De danh gia mdt thuong hieu bdo ndm men gdn tdi cue dai de dam bao qua trinh len men<br /> manh phai dua vao chi phi dau tu (200.000.000 te bdo/m/J trong vang theo y mudn.<br /> cho thuong hieu. khach hang biet vdng 24 gid. Tir ngay thir nhdt<br /> Trudc day, ruou vang san<br /> va nhd den thuong hieu. sir hap den ngdy thir tir sau khi len<br /> dan hoac gia tri ciia thuang hieu... xuat tir nho theo phuang phap<br /> men. sd lirong te bao thay ddi<br /> Rieng cdng ty NITAGREX, d thai truyen thdng. Dich qua sau khi<br /> khdng ddng ke, ddng thdi luong<br /> ky phdt trien thi truong ra nude ep duac cho len men tir nhien<br /> dirong giam nhanh vd luong<br /> ngoai, dang chii trong nhieu vao nhd nhung nam men cd san tren<br /> hieu qua ma thuong hieu duoc ruou tdng nhanh; qua trinh len<br /> qua. San xuat theo hudng nay<br /> bao hd trong canh tranh va gia tri men ket thiic hoan toan sau 10<br /> vang thu duoc thudng thorn<br /> tich luy ma thuong hieu se mang ngdv.<br /> ngon, huong vi hai hda nhung<br /> lai cho cdng ty ngay cang cao hon<br /> 1. Mo dau khong on dinh do sd lirong<br /> nhirng nam mrdc.<br /> San xuat vang la giai doan va thanh phan giong loai nam<br /> <br /> <br /> Tiling Tin<br /> KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE I I<br />  HOAT DONG NGHIEN CUU UNG DUNG -<br /> TRIEN KHAI KHOA HOC CONG NGHE.<br /> <br /> <br /> men co trong nguyen lieu khong 2. Vat lieu, noi dung va Trong qua trinh naj ciing dong<br /> dong nhat. khong giong nhau ve phuong phap nghien ciru thdi tao thanh mot sd san pham<br /> toe do sinh trudng. ve hoat luc phu nhu: Glyxerin. dau Fusel.<br /> 2.1. Vat lieu nghien ciiu<br /> len men. kha nang sinh ruou, axit him co. Axetaldehit va mpt<br /> ... cong them cac nam men dai Nguyen lieu chinh de nghien so huong thorn. V i vai trd dudng<br /> phat trien va sinh ra cac san ciiu san xuat ruou vang nho quan trgng nhu vay nen trudc<br /> pham thii' cap; khong chii dong va dong thai qua trinh len men khi khao sat ddng thai ciia qua<br /> dieu khien duoc qua trinh len vang nho trong chuyen de nay trinh len men vang nho cluing<br /> men vi phu thuoc hoan toan vao la chiim qua cua gidng nho ruou tdi xac dinh ham lugng dudng<br /> nam men co san trong nguyen (Syrah). tdi uu cho qua trinh len men.<br /> lieu. Qua trinh len men co the Men gidng la.chiing nam men 3.1. Anh huong ciia hiim<br /> bi ngung lai giua chirng. luong N ciia Vien Nghien ciru Bong<br /> 5<br /> lirong duong den qua trinh len<br /> dudng con lai nhieu. De khac va Phat trien Ndng nghiep Nha men vang nho<br /> phuc nhu g van de tren. ngudi Hd da phan lap va tuyen chon.<br /> ta tien hanh sunfit hda hoac gia De khao sat ham luong duong<br /> 2.2. Cac phuong phap hop ly cho qua trinh len men.<br /> nhiet dich len men de loai bo.<br /> nghien ciiu chiing toi dua ra thi nghiem nhu<br /> han che cac nam dai va cac vi<br /> sinh vat cd san trong dich qua, - Xac dinh luong te bao nam sau: Lay 300 ml dich nho Syrah,<br /> sau dd cay vao chung nam men men song bang- each dem so xac dinh ham luong dudng cua<br /> thuan khiet de len men. luong khuan lac tren dia thach d dung dich nay. Sau do chia dung<br /> cac do pha loang khac nhau. dich thanh 6 phan, moi phan<br /> Vang san xuat bang giong<br /> bd sung Sacaroza vdi so luong<br /> nam men thuan khiet se giup - Xac dinh ham luong dudng<br /> khac nhau de cd 6 mdi trudng<br /> qua trinh len men dn dinh. co the tong sd bang phuong phap Bee<br /> len men lan lugt co cac ham<br /> len men can kiet, luong dudng to rang (Bertrand);<br /> luong dudng tuong irng la 160<br /> scit cdn khong dang ke.: dong<br /> - Xac dinh ham luong ruou g/1; 180 g/l; 200 g/1; 220 g/l 240<br /> thdi. ngan chan duoc sir phat<br /> Etylic bang phuong phap hda g/1 va 260 g/1. Cac mdi trudng<br /> trien cua nam men dai va cac vi<br /> hoc, dua tren nguyen tac oxy hda nay dugc dua lan lugt vao 6<br /> sinh vat khong cd loi. nang cao<br /> rupu Etylic bang Kali Bicromat binh Smith, mdi binh chua 50<br /> hieu suat sinh ruou. giam thdi<br /> trong mdi trudng axit dam dac. ml dich len men. Mdi binh dugc<br /> gian len men. vang co vi thanh<br /> - Xac dinh ham lugng axit cay vao 5 ml men giong N (do<br /> khiet. huong de chiu. lang trong<br /> 5<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> tdng sd theo phuong phap chuan TS. Nguyen Quang Hao, KS.<br /> nhanh. can nam men ddng chac.<br /> do bang NaOH vdi sir co mat Nguyen Thi Hdng Phuong phan<br /> vang non ben v iing vdi cac tac<br /> ciia hdn hop chi thi mau (trdn lap va tuyen chpn tir nguyen<br /> nhan lam hdng vang. Nhd vay<br /> vdi the tich bang nhau ciia hai lieu nho Syrah trdng tai Ninh<br /> chat lirong vang on dinh.<br /> chat chi thi sau: Metyl dd dung Thuan). Sau 10 ngay len men,<br /> Vdi muc dich xac dinh duoc xac dinh cac chi so sau day d<br /> dich rugu 0,2%; metylen xanh<br /> thdi gian len men. ty le dudng mdi binh: lugng CO, thoat ra<br /> dung dich rugu 0,1%).<br /> phii hop cho qua trinh len men (g/1), luong rugu dugc tao thanh<br /> vang dat chat luong cao. chiing 3. Ket qua nghien ciru va (g/1). Tren co sd do xac lap dugc<br /> tdi tien hanh nghien ciru chuven thao luan ty sd giua trong lirong rupu tao<br /> de: Dgng thai qua trinh len Ban chat su len men vang la thanh va trong lugng dirdng dua<br /> men vans nho. qua trinh bien dudng cua dich vao len men. Ket qua nghien<br /> qua thanh rugu etylic va CO,. ciru dugc the hien qua baiiu<br /> <br /> <br /> Thong Tin<br /> I " I KHOA HOC &CONG NGHE<br />  HOAT DONG NGHIEN CUU UNG DUNG -<br /> TRIEN KHAI KHOA HOC CONG NGHE.<br /> • •<br /> <br /> Bang 1. Anh hirdng cua ham luang duong den qua trinh len men cua nam men N .<br /> <br /> Don vj Ham lirong dirong (g/1)<br /> Cac chi tieu<br /> tinh 160 180 200 220 240 260<br /> 70,6 ± 77,5 ± 82,3 ± 84.2 ± 87.0 ± 89.5 ±<br /> CO, thoat ra g/1 3,0 2,0 2,0 1.0 3,0 2,0<br /> 73,8 ± 81,0 ± 86.0 ± 88.0 ± 91,0 ± 93,6 ±<br /> Rugu g/1 2,0 3,0 2.0 3,0 1.0 2,0<br /> 9,3 ± 10,2 ± 10,8 ± 11,0 ± 11,4 ± 11,8 ±<br /> Rugu % v/v<br /> 0.4 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,2 0,3<br /> Trong luong rugn/ trgng lugng<br /> 0,46 0,45 0,43 0,40 0,38 0,36<br /> duong dua vao len men<br /> <br /> Ket qua a bang 1 cho thay, nghiem co ham lugng duong cao tong so ciia djch len men dat 200<br /> trong 6 16 thi nghiem tuang ung nhat (260 g/lit) hieu suat thu hoi g/1, men giong 10%; dieu chinh<br /> 6 lugng duang khac nhau (lugng rugu chi la 0,36 (tuc 36%). Nhu pH = 3,5. Tien hanh len men<br /> duang dao dong tir 160 g den vay. lugng duong con du sau khi 20 ngay, sau khoang thai gian<br /> 260 g/lit) thi 16 thi nghiem nao len men da ket thiic la rat lan, rat xac dinh cac so lieu sau: lugng<br /> co lugng duang cao se thu dugc lang phi trong qua trinh len men. te bao nam men song tren 1ml,<br /> lugng rugu tuong ung. O 16 thi lugng duang con lai (g/1), ham<br /> Trong 16 thi nghiem co ham<br /> nghiem co ham lugng duang lugng con tao thanh (g/l) va ham<br /> lugng duong thap nhat (160 g/<br /> thap nhat: 160 g/lit chi thu dugc lugng axit tong so (g/1). Ket qua<br /> lit) dat hieu qua thu hoi rugu cao<br /> 73,8 g rugu/lit (tuc la 9,3 % v/v). nghien ciiu dugc dan ra a bang 2<br /> nhat la 46% nhung lugng rugu<br /> Lugng rugu thu dugc cir tang va minh hoa a do thi 1.<br /> chi dat 9,3%; nhu vay kha loang,<br /> dan theo ham lugng duang dua<br /> se ton nhieu nhien lieu khi chung<br /> vao len men. O 16 thi nghiem<br /> cat Brandy. De hai hoa, can doi<br /> co ham lugng duang cao nhat<br /> va tiet kiem nhien lieu khi chung<br /> la 260 g/lit da thu dugc 93,6 g<br /> cat chiing toi chgn ham lugng<br /> rugu/lit (tuc 11,8 % v/v). Tuy<br /> duong de len men la 200 g/lit. 6<br /> nhien, neu can cu vao hieu qua<br /> ham lugng duang nay, nong do<br /> giua lugng rugu thu dugc vai<br /> rugu thu dugc la 10,8% dat hieu<br /> lugng duang dua vao len men<br /> suat 43% so vai lugng duang co<br /> thi lai co ket luan trai ngugc lai,<br /> trong qua trinh len men.<br /> tire la ham lugng duong dua vao<br /> len men cang cao thi hieu qua 3.2. Dong thai cua qua trinh<br /> sinh rugu so vai duang dua vao len men vang nho<br /> cang thap. Hieu qua ay cir giam De nghien ciru dong thai<br /> dan theo ham lugng duong dua qua trinh len men vang nho,<br /> vao len men. O 16 thi nghiem chiing toi diing nam men thuan<br /> co ham lugng duang thap nhit chiing N . Moi truang len men<br /> s<br /> <br /> (160 g/lit) thi hieu qua ay lai cao dugc pha che nhu sau: Dich nho<br /> nhat, dat 0,46 tire 46%. Hieu qua Syrah da co 15% duong, diing<br /> nay cir giam dan theo ham lugng duong kinh bo sung vao dich<br /> duong dua vao len men. Lo thi nho de nang ham lugng duang Hinh dang khuan lac va te<br /> bao nam men N ,<br /> <br /> <br /> Thing nn<br /> KHOA HOC &CONG NGHE | 25<br />  HOAT DONG NGHIEN CIIU UNG DUNG -<br /> TRIEN KHAI KHOA HOC CONG NGHE.<br /> <br /> <br /> Bang 2. D6ng thai ciia qua trinh len men vang nho (Ninh Thuan. nam 2009)<br /> <br /> Don Thai gian len men<br /> Cac chi<br /> vi 0 1 2 4 10 15 20<br /> tieu 4 gio 8 gio 6 8<br /> tinh gio ngay ngay ngay ngay ngay ngay<br /> ngay ngay<br /> S6 18.0 200,0<br /> Trieu/ 37.0 ± 85.0 212.0 205.0 140.0 64.0 22.0 15.0 14.0<br /> luong ± ±<br /> ml 2.0 ±4.0 ± 12,0 ± 9.0 ± 7.0 ± 5.0 ±3.0 ± 1.0 ± 1.0<br /> te bao 0.4 10.0<br /> <br /> 198,0 196,0 179.0 153,0 87.0 50.0 35.0 23,0 20.0 19.0<br /> Duong g/1 200<br /> ±6.0 ± 8,0 ± 7.0 ±6,0 ±4.0 ±2.0 ± 1.0 ± 1.0 ± 2.0 ± 1.0<br /> 10,0 23.0 55,0 73.0 80.0 86,0 87,0 87.0<br /> Ruou g/1 0 1 2<br /> ±0,2 ± 1,0 ±2,0 ±4.0 ±3,0 ±5,0 ±3.0 ±4.0<br /> RUOTJ % v/v 0 0,12 0,25 1,26 2,90 6,90 9.20 10.00 10,80 11,0 11.0<br /> 9.6 22,0 52.6 70.0 76.5 82,0 81.0 82,0<br /> CO, g/1 0 0.95 1.90<br /> ± 1,0 ± 1,0 ±3.0 ±2.0 ±4.0 ±3,0 ±3.0 ±2.0<br /> Axit<br /> 4,5 4.5 4.5 4,5 4,7 4,9 5.0 5.2 5.3 5,4 5,5 5,5<br /> tong so<br /> <br /> Ket qua bang 2 va do thi bang 1 cho thay: Chi sau ngay dau tien. so luong te bao da gan tai cue dai<br /> (200 trieu te bao/ml). Tir ngay thu nhat den ngay thu tu. so luong te bao thay doi khong dang ke. Trong<br /> khoang thai gian nay. luong dudng giam nhanh va theo dd luong ruou tang nhanh. Den ngay thir 10,<br /> qua trinh len men hau nhu da ket thiic va lam luong ruou da dat tdi miic toi da. Trong thuc tien san xuat,<br /> chiing ta se de len men tiep 5 ngay nua de sir len men hoan toan diing va tao huong tot hon.<br /> Do thi 1. Dong thai ciia qua trinh len men vang nho (Ninh Thuan, nam 2009)<br />  HOAT DONG NGHIEN CUU UNG DUNG -<br /> TRIEN KHAI KHOA HOC CONG NGHE.<br /> <br /> <br /> 4. Ket luan<br /> Da xac dinh duoc ham lugng duong phu hgp de len men vang nho la 200 g/lit (nong dp rupu thu dugc la<br /> 10.8% dat hieu suat 43% so voi lugng duong co trong qua trinh len men).<br /> Da nghien cuu dong thai cua qua trinh len men vang nho. So luong t i bao da gan tdi cue dai (200 trieu te<br /> bao/ml) trong vong 24 gio. Khoang thdi gian tir ngay thir nhat den ngay thir tu sd luong te bao thay doi khdng<br /> dang ke, dong thdi lugng dudng giam niianh va luong rugu tang nhanh; qua trinh len men ket thiic hoan toan<br /> sau 10 ngay.<br /> <br /> ^~ Tai lieu tham khao<br /> 1. Kieu Huu Anh, Giao trinh vi sinh vat hoc cdng nghiep, NXB Khoa Hgc va Ky Thuat, 1999. 291 trang;<br /> 2. Le Thanh Ha, 1994. Nghien ciiu mdt so yeu td anh hudng tdi qua trinh len men ruou vang dau. Luan<br /> van thac sy, Dai hoc Bach khoa Ha Ndi;<br /> 3. Le Thanh Ha, 1996. Nghien ciru anh hudng ciia do pH, ham luong gidng va ham luong dudng ban dau<br /> den qua trinh len men rugu vang dau. Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe, N 5; Q<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 4. Nguyen Quang Hao, 1984. Nghien ciru san xuat Vang tir qua Viet Nam. Bao cao nghiem thu de tai cap<br /> Nha nude.<br /> 5. Nguyen Quang Hao, 1996. Phan lap nam men de len men ruon vang tir dich qua dau. Tap chi Ndng<br /> nghiep va Cdng nghiep thuc pham. Ha Ndi;<br /> 6. Nguyen Quang Hao, 1997. Anh hudng ciia mdt sd ngudn ni to den su phat trien ciia nam men. Tap chi<br /> Nong nghiep va Cdng nghiep thuc pham, N 2; 0<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 7. Nguyen Quang Hao, Tran Quy Thang. 1997. Phan lap nam men rupn vang tir dich qua dao lot hot. Tap<br /> chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe, N 5;<br /> Q<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 8. Nguyen Quang Hao, Vuong Trong Hao. 1980. Thuc hanh vi sinh vat hoc. NXB Giao due.<br /> 9. Nguyen Quang Hao. 1997. Dpng thai len men vang dau. Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe, N 6; Q<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 10. Nguyen Quang Hao, Nguyen Quang Thao, Tran Quy Thang, 1997. Nang cao chat luong vang Viet<br /> Nam. Bao cao nghiem thu de tai khoa hoc. Ha Noi thang 12 nam 1997.<br /> 11. Vu Cdng Hau, 1983. Che rugu vang trai cay trong gia dinh, NXB Ndng Nghiep.<br /> 12. Luong Dinh Pham, Tran Dinh Man. Ho Tuyen, 1994. Nghien ciru cdng nghe san xuat rugn vang nhd<br /> cac cluing nam men phan lap d Viet Nam. Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe, N 6; Q<br /> <br /> <br /> 13. Luong Diic Pham, vi sinh vat hgc va an toan ve sinh thuc pham, NXB Nong Nghiep Ha Ndi, 2000,<br /> 422 trang;<br /> 14. Ho Sudng, Luong Diic Pham, Le Van Td, Nguyen Thi Hoa, vi sinh vat trong bao quan va che bien<br /> thuc pham, tap 1, NXB Ndng Nghiep. 1982, 225 trang;<br /> 15. Nguyen Quang Thao (2000), Nghien ciru lien men vang vai thieu (litchi chinensis sonn), Luan an tidn<br /> si sinh hoc, Trudng DHSP Ha Ndi.<br /> 16. Alltech Alcohol Division, 2004. Enzy me for alcohol production. Akpan I., Ikennebome M.J., Vrath.<br /> N„ Oboekvve CO., 1998. Production of ethanol from cassava whey. Acta Biotechnol. P. 39-45.<br /> 17. Armerine M.A and Kunkee, 1968. Microbiology of wine making. Vol 22. p 323 - 358.<br /> 18. Baldwin S.. Black R.A., Andreasen A.A.. Adams S.L., 1967. Aromatic congener formation in<br /> maturation of alcoholic distillates. J.Arg. Food Chem.. 15. 381-385.<br /> 19. Belchior A.P.. Pucch J-L.. carvalho E.. Mondies,H, 1984. Caracteristiques de la composition<br /> phenolique du bois de chene portugais et de quelques eaux-de-vie de vin. Cienc. Tec. Vitiv., 2, 57-65.<br /> 20. Rose A.H.. 1977. Alcoholic beverages. Vol 1. Academic press London, New York. Sanfrancisco. j<br /> <br /> <br /> Thing Tin mm<br /> KHOA HOC &r;oNG NGHE^I |<br />