easier english basic dictionary second edition_part7

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pasta 226 patience pavement finished He has spent the past year working in France. The time for talking is past – what we need is action. í noun the time before now In the past we always had an office party just before Christmas. pasta / p stə/ noun an Italian food made of flour and water, and sometimes eggs, cooked by boiling, and eaten with oil or sauce (NOTE: no plural: some pasta, a bowl of pasta; note that pasta takes a singular verb: the pasta is very good here) paste /pest/ noun 1. a thin liquid glue Spread the paste evenly over...

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Basic.fm Page 226 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM pasta 226 pavement patience / peʃ(ə)ns/ noun the quality finished He has spent the past year patience working in France. The time for talk- of being patient With a little patience, ing is past – what we need is action. í you’ll soon learn how to ride a bike. I noun the time before now In the past don’t have the patience to wait that we always had an office party just be- long. fore Christmas. patient / peʃ(ə)nt/ adjective the ability patient pasta / p stə/ noun an Italian food pasta to wait a long time without getting an- made of flour and water, and sometimes noyed You must be patient – you will get served in time. í noun a sick person eggs, cooked by boiling, and eaten with oil or sauce (NOTE: no plural: some pas- who is in hospital or who is being treat- ed by a doctor, dentist, psychiatrist, etc. ta, a bowl of pasta; note that pasta There are three other patients in the takes a singular verb: the pasta is very ward. The nurse is trying to take the good here) patient’s temperature. paste /pest/ noun 1. a thin liquid glue paste patiently / peʃ(ə)ntli/ adverb without patiently Spread the paste evenly over the back of getting annoyed the wallpaper. 2. soft food Mix the patrol /pə trəυl/ noun 1. the act of keep- flour, eggs and milk to a smooth paste. patrol Add tomato paste to the soup. í verb to ing guard by walking or driving in one glue something such as paper She direction and then back again They pasted a sheet of coloured paper over make regular patrols round the walls of the front of the box. He pasted the the prison. He was on patrol in the postcards into his scrapbook. cut centre of town when he saw some youths running away from a bank. 2. a group of pastry / pestri/ noun a mixture of flour, pastry people keeping guard Each time a pa- fat and water, used to make pies She trol went past we hid behind a wall. í was in the kitchen making pastry. verb to keep guard on a place by walk- pat /p t/ noun a gentle touch with the pat ing or driving up and down Armed se- hand I didn’t hit her – I just gave her curity guards are patrolling the ware- a little pat. í verb to give someone or house. (NOTE: patrols – patrolling – something a pat He patted his pocket patrolled) to make sure that his wallet was still pattern / p t(ə)n/ noun 1. instructions pattern there. (NOTE: pats – patting – patted) which you follow to make something to pat someone on the back to She copied a pattern from a magazine to praise someone a pat on the back knit her son a pullover. 2. a design of praise The committee got a pat on the something, e.g. lines or flowers, repeat- back for having organised the show so ed again and again on cloth, wallpaper, well. etc. She was wearing a coat with a patch /p tʃ/ noun 1. a small piece of patch pattern of black and white spots. Do material used for covering up a hole, you like the pattern on our new carpet? e.g. in clothes His mother sewed a pause /pɔ z/ noun a short stop during a pause patch over the hole in his trousers. 2. a period of activity such as work He small area of something They built a read his speech slowly, with plenty of shed on a patch of ground by the railway pauses. Take a short pause after every line. There’s a patch of rust on the car 100 steps. í verb to stop or rest for a door. short time before continuing She path /pɑ θ/ noun a narrow track for walk- path paused for a second to look at her ing There’s a path across the field. watch. Follow the path until you get to the sea. pavement / pevmənt/ noun 1. a hard pavement pathetic /pə θetk/ adjective making pathetic path for people to walk on at the side of you feel either sympathy or a lack of re- a road Walk on the pavement, not in This is trial version spect He made a pathetic attempt at a the road. Look out; the pavement is joke. She looked a pathetic figure covered with ice! 2. US a hard road sur- standing in the rain. face www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 227 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM paw 227 peg peak /pi k/ noun 1. the top of a mountain paw /pɔ / noun the foot of an animal such paw peak Can you see that snow-covered peak as a cat or dog The bear held the fish in the distance? 2. the highest point in its paws. The team has to reach a peak of fitness pay /pe/ noun the money you receive for pay before the match. The graph shows working They’re on strike for more the peaks and troughs of pollution over pay. I can’t afford luxuries on my mis- the last month. 3. the front part of a cap, erable pay. í verb 1. to give someone which sticks out He wore a white cap money for something How much did with a dark blue peak. you pay for your car? We pay £100 a peanut / pi n t/ noun a nut which grows peanut week in rent. Please pay the waiter for under the ground in a shell your drinks. She paid him £10 for his pear /peə/ noun a fruit like a long apple, pear old bike. 2. to give money to someone with one end wider than the other for doing something We pay secretar- pearl /p l/ noun a valuable round white ies £10 an hour. I paid them one pearl pound each for washing the car. I’ll jewel formed inside an oyster She pay you a pound to wash my car. (NOTE: wore a string of pearls which her grand- You pay someone to wash the car mother had given her. before he or she washes it, but you pebble / peb(ə)l/ noun a small round pebble pay someone for washing the car af- stone ter he or she has washed it. pays – peculiar /p kju liə/ adjective strange peculiar paying – paid /ped/) There’s a peculiar smell coming from pay back phrasal verb to give some- the kitchen. It’s peculiar that she nev- one money which you owe them He er opens the curtains in her house. borrowed £10 last week and hasn’t paid pedal / ped(ə)l/ noun 1. an object pedal me back. worked by the foot to make a machine pay up phrasal verb to pay all the mon- operate If you want to stop the car put ey which you owe The tourist paid up your foot down on the brake pedal. 2. a quickly when the taxi driver called the flat rest which you press down on with police. your foot to make a bicycle go forwards payment / pemənt/ noun the fact of payment He stood up on the pedals to make the bike go up the hill. í verb to make a bi- giving money for something I make cycle go by pushing on the pedals He regular monthly payments into her ac- had to pedal hard to get up the hill. count. She made a payment of (NOTE: pedals – pedalling – ped- £10,000 to the solicitor. alled) pea /pi / noun a climbing plant of which pea pedestrian /pə destriən/ noun a person pedestrian the round green seeds are eaten as vege- who walks, rather than drives along, in a tables street Two pedestrians were also in- peace /pi s/ noun 1. the state of not be- peace jured in the accident. ing at war The UN troops are trying to peel /pi l/ noun the outer skin of a fruit or peel keep the peace in the area. Both sides a vegetable Throw the banana peel are hoping to reach a peace settlement. into the rubbish bin. This orange has 2. a calm quiet state Noisy motorcy- got very thick peel. (NOTE: no plural) í cles ruin the peace and quiet of the vil- verb to take the outer skin off a fruit or lage. a vegetable He was peeling a banana. peaceful / pi sf(ə)l/ adjective enjoyable peaceful If the potatoes are very small you can boil them without peeling them. because there is very little noise or ac- peer /pə/ noun a member of the a high tivity We spent a peaceful afternoon peer by the river. social class in the UK Peers sit in the This is trial version peach /pi tʃ/ noun a sweet fruit with a House of Lords. peach peg /pe / noun 1. a small wooden or met- peg large stone and very soft skin We had peaches and cream for dessert. al object used for holding something in www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 228 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM pen 228 performance place The children hang their coats on as a vegetable We had stuffed peppers pegs in the cloakroom. They used no for lunch. nails in building the roof – it is all held per /p , pə/ preposition for each per I together with wooden pegs. 2. clothes can’t cycle any faster than fifteen miles peg little wooden clip, used to attach per hour. Potatoes cost 10p per kilo. wet clothes to a washing line í verb to We paid our secretaries £10 per hour. attach something with a peg She perceive /pə si v/ verb to notice or real- perceive pegged the washing out on the line. ise something The changes are so (NOTE: pegs – pegging – pegged) slight that they’re almost impossible to pen /pen/ noun an object for writing pen perceive with the naked eye. I per- with, using ink I’ve lost my red pen – ceived a worsening in his condition dur- can I borrow yours? If you haven’t got ing the night. a pen you can always write in pencil. per cent /pə sent/, percent noun out of per cent penalty / pen(ə)lti/ noun a punishment penalty each hundred Fifty per cent of staff The maximum penalty for this offence are aged over 40. (NOTE: The symbol % is two years’ imprisonment. (NOTE: The is used after numbers: 50%.) plural is penalties.) percentage /pə sentd / noun an percentage pencil / pensəl/ noun an object for writ- pencil amount considered in relation to 100 ing or drawing with, made of wood, A low percentage of the population vot- with a long piece of black or coloured ed. ‘What percentage of businesses material through the middle are likely to be affected?’ – ‘Oh, about penny / peni/ noun the smallest British penny 40 per cent’. coin, one hundredth of a pound It cost perfect1 / p fkt/ adjective 1. good in perfect £4.99, so I paid with a £5 note and got a every way Your coat is a perfect fit. penny change. I came out without my Don’t change anything – the room is purse and I haven’t got a penny on me. perfect as it is. 2. completely suitable (NOTE: The plural is pennies or pence. She’s the perfect secretary. George Pennies is used to refer to several would be perfect for the job of sales- coins, but pence refers to the price. In man. I was in a perfect position to see prices, pence is always written p and what happened. often said as /pi / : This book only perfect2 /pə fekt/ verb to make some- perfect costs 60p.: say ‘sixty p’ or ‘sixty thing new and perfect She perfected a pence’.) not have a penny not have process for speeding up the bottling sys- any money tem. pension / penʃən/ noun money paid pension perfectly / p fktli/ adverb very well perfectly regularly, e.g. to someone who has re- That dress fits you perfectly. tired from work He has a good pen- perform /pə fɔ m/ verb 1. to do an ac- sion from his firm. She finds her pen- perform sion is not enough to live on. tion She performed a perfect dive. people / pi p(ə)l/ noun men, women or people It’s the sort of task that can be per- formed by any computer. 2. to do some- children considered as a group There thing such as acting, dancing or singing were at least twenty people waiting to in public The dance group will per- see the doctor. So many people want- form at the local theatre next week. ed to see the film that there were queues The play will be performed in the village every night. A group of people from hall. our office went to Paris by train. pepper / pepə/ noun 1. a strong-tasting performance /pə fɔ məns/ noun 1. the performance pepper powder used in cooking, made from the way in which someone or something whole seeds of a plant (black pepper) or works, e.g. how successful they are or from seeds with the outer layer removed how much they achieve We’re looking This is trial version (white pepper) Add salt and pepper to for ways to improve our performance. taste. (NOTE: no plural in this sense) 2. After last night’s miserable perform- a hollow green, red or yellow fruit used ance I don’t think the team is likely to www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 229 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM performer 229 phase reach the semi-finals. 2. a public show Smoking is not permitted in under- for entertainment The next perform- ground stations. (NOTE: permits – per- ance will start at 8 o’clock. There are mitting – permitted) three performances a day during the person / p s(ə)n/ noun a man or wom- person summer. an The police say a person entered the performer /pə fɔ mə/ noun a person performer house by the window. His father’s a who gives a public show in order to en- very interesting person. in person tertain people used to emphasise that someone is phys- perfume / p fju m/ noun 1. a liquid ically present Several celebrities were perfume at the first night in person. which smells nice, and which you put on your skin 2. a pleasant smell, espe- personal / p s(ə)n(ə)l/ adjective 1. be- personal cially of flowers the strong perfume of longing or referring to a particular per- the roses son or people They lost all their per- perhaps /pə h ps/ adverb possibly perhaps sonal property in the fire. 2. private; that Perhaps the train is late. They’re late you would not like to discuss with most – perhaps the snow’s very deep. Is it people Can I ask you a personal ques- going to be fine? – Perhaps not, I can tion? That’s personal – I’d rather not see clouds over there. answer that. period / pəriəd/ noun 1. an amount of personality / p sə n lti/ noun 1. period personality time She swam under water for a character He has a strange personali- short period. The offer is open for a ty. 2. a famous person, especially a TV limited period only. It was an unhap- or radio star The new supermarket is py period in her life. 2. the time during going to be opened by a famous sporting which a lesson is given in school We personality. have three periods of English on Thurs- persuade /pə swed/ verb to get some- persuade days. one to do what you want by explaining periodic / pəri ɒdk/ adjective repeat- periodic or asking She managed to persuade ed after a regular period of time peri- the bank manager to give her a loan. odic attacks of the illness We carry After ten hours of discussion, they per- out periodic reviews of the company’s fi- suaded him to leave. nancial position. pest /pest/ noun 1. a plant, animal or in- pest permanent / p mənənt/ adjective permanent sect which causes problems Many lasting or intended to last, for ever He farmers look on rabbits as a pest. 2. a has found a permanent job. She is in person who annoys someone That lit- permanent employment. They are liv- tle boy is an absolute pest – he won’t ing with her parents temporarily – it’s stop whistling. not a permanent arrangement. pet /pet/ noun an animal kept in the home pet permanently / p mənəntli/ adverb permanently The family has several pets – two cats, for ever; always a dog and a hamster. permission /pə mʃ(ə)n/ noun the free- permission petal / pet(ə)l/ noun the colourful part of petal dom which you are given to do some- a flower thing by someone in authority You petrol / petrəl/ noun a liquid used as a petrol need permission from the boss to go into the storeroom. He asked the manag- fuel for engines This car doesn’t use er’s permission to take a day off. very much petrol. The bus ran out of permit1 / p mt/ noun an official paper petrol on the motorway. Petrol prices permit are lower at supermarkets. (NOTE: no which allows you to do something plural: some petrol, a litre of petrol) You have to have a permit to sell ice cream from a van. phase /fez/ noun a stage in the develop- phase This is trial version permit2 /pə mt/ verb to allow someone permit ment of something The project is now to do something This ticket permits in its final phase. It’s a phase she’s three people to go into the exhibition. going through and hopefully she will www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 230 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM philosophy 230 pick photography /fə tɒ rəfi/ noun the grow out of it. I’m sure dyeing his hair photography green is just a phase. practice of taking pictures on sensitive film with a camera philosophy /f lɒsəfi/ noun 1. the study philosophy phrasal verb / frez(ə)l v b/ noun a phrasal verb of the meaning of human existence He’s studying philosophy. 2. a general type of verb which has two or three way of thinking My philosophy is that parts, which together have a meaning you should treat people as you would different from that of the main verb, such as ‘tell off’, ‘look after’ and ‘put want them to treat you. up with’ phone /fəυn/ noun a telephone phone If phrase /frez/ noun a short sentence or phrase someone rings, can you answer the group of words Try to translate the phone for me? She lifted the phone whole phrase, not just one word at a and called the ambulance. í verb to time. I’m trying to remember a phrase speak to someone using a telephone from ‘Hamlet’. Your wife phoned when you were out. physical / fzk(ə)l/ adjective relating Can you phone me at ten o’clock tomor- physical row evening? I need to phone our of- to the human body The illness is men- fice in New York. tal rather than physical. He has a strong physical attraction for her. phone back phrasal verb to reply by physically / fzkli/ adverb 1. relating physically telephone; to call again The manager is out – can you phone back in about fif- to the body I find him physically very attractive. One of the children is phys- teen minutes? She phoned back three ically handicapped. 2. relating to the minutes later to ask me my address. laws of nature It is physically impos- phone book / fəυn bυk/ noun a book phone book sible to get a piano into that little car. which gives the names of people and physics / fzks/ noun the study of physics businesses in a town in alphabetical or- der, with their addresses and phone things such as heat, light and sound, and numbers the way in which they affect objects She teaches physics at the local college. phone call / fəυn kɔ l/ noun an occa- phone call It’s a law of physics that things fall sion on which you speak to someone by down to the ground and not up into the telephone sky. phone number / fəυn n mbə/ noun a phone number piano /pi nəυ/ noun a large musical in- piano series of numbers that you press on a tel- strument with black and white keys ephone to contact a particular person which you press to make music She’s photo /fəυtəυ/ noun a photograph; a photo taking piano lessons. She played the picture taken using a camera Here’s a piano while her brother sang. photo of the village in the snow. I’ve pick /pk/ verb 1. to choose something pick brought some holiday photos to show The captain picks the football team. you. (NOTE: The plural is photos.) She was picked to play the part of the photograph / fəυtə rɑ f/ noun a pic- photograph victim’s mother. The Association has picked Paris for its next meeting. 2. to ture taken with a camera I’ve found an take fruit or flowers from plants old black and white photograph of my They’ve picked all the strawberries. parents’ wedding. She’s trying to take Don’t pick the flowers in the public gar- a photograph of the cat. He kept her dens. take your pick choose which photograph in his wallet. You’ll need one you want We’ve got green, red two passport photographs to get your and blue balloons – just take your pick! visa. í verb to take a picture with a camera She was photographing the pick up phrasal verb 1. to take some- flowers in the public gardens. thing that is lying on a surface and lift it This is trial version photographer /fə tɒ rəfə/ noun a per- in your hand She dropped her hand- photographer kerchief and he picked it up. He bent son who takes photographs, especially down to pick up a pound coin which he as a job www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 231 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM picnic 231 pink pill /pl/ noun medicine in solid form, pill saw on the pavement. 2. to learn some- usually in a small round shape Take thing easily without being taught She two pills before breakfast. never took any piano lessons, she just pillow / pləυ/ noun a cloth bag full of pillow picked it up. He picked up some Ger- soft material which you put your head man when he was working in Germany. on in bed 3. to give someone a lift in a vehicle pilot / palət/ noun a person who flies a We will pick you up from the hotel. pilot Can you send a taxi to pick us up at sev- plane or other aircraft He’s training to be an airline pilot. He’s a helicopter en o’clock? picnic / pknk/ noun a meal eaten out- pilot for an oil company. picnic pin /pn/ noun a small thin sharp metal pin doors away from home If it’s fine, object with a round piece at the top, let’s go for a picnic. They stopped by a wood, and had a picnic lunch. í verb used for fastening things such as pieces of cloth or paper She fastened the rib- to eat a picnic People were picnicking bons to her dress with a pin before sew- on the bank of the river. (NOTE: picnics ing them on. í verb to attach something – picnicking – picnicked) with a pin She pinned up a notice picture / pktʃə/ noun a drawing, a picture about the meeting. He pinned her painting or a photograph She drew a photograph on the wall. He pinned picture of the house. The book has the calendar to the wall by his desk. pages of pictures of wild animals. She (NOTE: pins – pinning – pinned) cut out the picture of the President from pinch /pntʃ/ noun 1. the action of pinch the magazine. squeezing something between your fin- pie /pa/ noun meat or fruit cooked in a pie ger and thumb He gave her arm a pastry case For pudding, there’s apple pinch. 2. a small quantity of something pie and ice cream. If we’re going on a held between finger and thumb Add a picnic, I’ll buy a big pork pie. pinch of salt to the boiling water. (NOTE: The plural is pinches.) í verb 1. to piece /pi s/ noun a bit of something or piece squeeze something tightly, using the fin- one of a number of similar things ger and thumb Ow! You’re pinching Would you like another piece of cake? me! 2. to steal something, especially I need two pieces of black cloth. something that is not very valuable pierce /pəs/ verb to make a hole in pierce Someone’s pinched my (informal ) something pen! piercing / pəsŋ/ adjective (of a pine /pan/ noun 1. pine (tree) a type piercing pine sound ) unpleasantly high and loud of evergreen tree with needle-shaped They suddenly heard a piercing cry. leaves They planted a row of pines He let out a piercing yell. along the edge of the field. 2. wood from a pine tree We’ve bought a pine table pig /p / noun a pink or black farm ani- pig for the kitchen. There are pine cup- mal with short legs kept for its meat boards in the children’s bedroom. í (NOTE: Fresh meat from a pig is called verb to pine for something to feel sad pork. Bacon, gammon and ham are because you do not have something any types of smoked or cured meat from a more She’s miserable because she’s pig.) pining for her cat. pigeon / pd ən/ noun a fat grey bird pigeon pineapple / pan p(ə)l/ noun a large pineapple which is common in towns sweet tropical fruit, with stiff leaves pile /pal/ noun a large mass of things pile with sharp points on top pink /pŋk/ adjective pale red or flesh pink Look at that pile of washing. The pile of plates crashed onto the floor. The coloured Your cheeks look pink and This is trial version healthy now. í noun a pale red colour wind blew piles of dead leaves into the road. He was carrying a huge pile of The bright pink of those flowers shows books. clearly across the garden. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 232 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM pint 232 plane pint /pant/ noun a liquid measure, equal plain /plen/ adjective 1. simple and not pint plain to 0.568 of a litre complicated We put plain wallpaper pipe /pap/ noun 1. a tube, especially one in the dining room. The outside is dec- pipe orated with leaves and flowers, but the that carries a liquid or a gas from one inside is quite plain. 2. easy to under- place to another He’s clearing a stand The instructions are written in blocked pipe in the kitchen. The water plain English. 3. obvious It’s perfect- came out of the hole in the pipe. 2. a tube for smoking tobacco, with a small ly plain what he wants. We made it bowl at one end in which the tobacco plain to them that this was our final of- burns fer. 4. a more polite word than "unattrac- pit /pt/ noun 1. a deep dark hole in the tive", used for describing a person His pit two daughters are rather plain. í noun ground They dug a pit to bury the rub- a flat area of country a broad plain bish. 2. a mine; a place where substanc- bordered by mountains (NOTE: Do not es such as coal are dug out of the ground confuse with plane.) My grandfather spent his whole life working down a pit. plainly / plenli/ adverb 1. in a way that plainly pitch /ptʃ/ noun 1. the ground on which pitch is easy to see He’s plainly bored by a game is played I’ll time you, if you the French lesson. Plainly, the plan is run round the football pitch. The pitch not working. 2. clearly It is plainly is too wet to play on. He kept the ball visible from here. The sounds of a vi- the whole length of the pitch and scored. olent argument could be heard plainly (NOTE: The plural is pitches.) 2. the from behind the door. 3. without much level of a period of anger or excitement decoration plainly-decorated wallpa- Excitement was at fever pitch. í verb per to put up a tent They pitched their tent plan /pl n/ noun 1. an organised way of plan in a field by the beach. doing things He made a plan to get up pity / pti/ noun a feeling of sympathy for pity earlier in future. She drew up plans someone who is in a bad situation for the village fair. according to plan Have you no pity for the homeless? í in the way it was arranged The party verb to feel sympathy for someone I went off according to plan. 2. a drawing pity those children. (NOTE: pities – pit- showing how something is arranged ying – pitied) what a pity used for Here are the plans for the kitchen. The showing that you are disappointed, or fire exits are shown on the plan of the of- for showing that you feel sympathy for fice. í verb 1. to arrange how you are someone who is disappointed going to do something She’s busy pizza / pi tsə/ noun an Italian food, con- pizza planning her holiday in Greece. 2. to in- sisting of a flat round piece of bread tend to do something They are plan- cooked with things such as cheese, to- ning to move to London next month. matoes and onions on top We weren’t planning to go on holiday place /ples/ noun 1. where something place this year. I plan to take the 5 o’clock is, or where something happens flight to New York. (NOTE: plans – Here’s the place where we saw the planning – planned) cows. We found a nice place for a pic- plane /plen/ noun 1. an aircraft with plane nic. 2. where something is usually kept wings When is the next plane for Make sure you put the file back in the Glasgow? How are you getting to right place. 3. a seat I’m keeping this Paris? – We’re going by plane. Don’t place for my sister. I’m sorry, but this panic, you’ve got plenty of time to catch place has been taken. 4. a position in a your plane. He was stuck in a traffic race The British runners are in the jam and missed his plane. 2. a tool with first three places. í verb to put some- This is trial version a sharp blade for making wood smooth thing somewhere The waitress placed He smoothed off the rough edges with the teapot on the table. Please place the envelope in the box. a plane. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 233 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM planet 233 pleased planet / pl nt/ noun 1. one of the ob- at a station, to help passengers get on or planet off the trains easily Crowds of people jects in space which move round the were waiting on the platform. The Sun Is there life on any of the planets? train for Liverpool will leave from plat- Earth is the third planet from the Sun. form 10. 2. a high wooden floor for 2. the planet the planet Earth an en- someone to stand on when they are vironmental disaster which could affect speaking in public The main speakers the whole planet sat in a row on the platform. plank /pl ŋk/ noun a long flat piece of plank play /ple/ noun a story which is acted in play wood used in building a theatre or on TV Did you see the planning / pl nŋ/ noun the act or prac- planning play on TV last night? We went to the tice of making plans The trip will National Theatre to see the new play. need very careful planning. The Two of Shakespeare’s plays are on the project is still in the planning stage. list for the English exam. í verb 1. to plant /plɑ nt/ noun 1. a living thing plant take part in a game He plays rugby for which grows in the ground and has the university. Do you play tennis? 2. leaves, a stem and roots He planted a to make music on a musical instrument row of cabbage plants. Sunflower or to put a recording on a machine such plants grow very tall. 2. a large factory as a CD player He can’t play the vio- They are planning to build a car plant lin very well. Let me play you my new near the river. í verb to put a plant in Bach CD. 3. to enjoy yourself When the ground We’ve planted two pear you’ve finished your lesson you can go trees and a peach tree in the garden. out to play. He doesn’t like playing plaster / plɑ stə/ noun 1. a mixture of plaster with other children. sand and a white substance called play back phrasal verb to listen to ‘lime’, which is mixed with water and something which you have just recorded used for covering the inside walls of player / pleə/ noun 1. a person who player houses The flat hasn’t been decorated plays a game You only need two play- yet and there is still bare plaster in most ers for chess. Rugby players have to of the rooms. 2. a white substance which be fit. Four of the players in the op- becomes hard when it dries, used to cov- posing team are ill. 2. a person who er a broken arm or leg and hold it in plays a musical instrument a famous place He had an accident skiing and horn player now has his leg in plaster. 3. sticking playground / ple raυnd/ noun a playground plaster adhesive tape used for covering place, at a school or in a public area, small wounds She put a piece of stick- where children can play ing plaster on my cut. pleasant / plez(ə)nt/ adjective enjoya- plastic / pl stk/ noun a strong material pleasant plastic ble or attractive What a pleasant gar- made from chemicals, used to make den! How pleasant it is to sit here un- many things We take plastic plates der the trees! when we go to the beach. The super- please /pli z/ interjection used when you market gives you plastic bags to put please your shopping in. We cover our gar- are making a polite request or accepting den furniture with plastic sheets when it an offer Can you close the window, rains. (NOTE: no plural: a bowl made of please? Please sit down. Can I have plastic) a ham sandwich, please? Do you want plate /plet/ noun 1. a flat round dish for plate some more tea? – Yes, please! Compare thank you í verb to make someone putting food on Put one pie on each happy or satisfied She’s not difficult to plate. Pass all the plates down to the please. please yourself do as you like end of the table. 2. a flat piece of some- Shall I take the red one or the green thing such as metal or glass The den- This is trial version one? – Please yourself. tist has a brass plate on his door. platform / pl tfɔ m/ noun 1. a high flat pleased /pli zd/ adjective happy pleased platform structure by the side of the railway lines We’re very pleased with our new house. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 234 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM pleasure 234 poetry I’m pleased to hear you’re feeling bet- stone She bought a pound of plums to ter. He wasn’t pleased when he heard make a pie. his exam results. plumber / pl mə/ noun a person whose plumber pleasure / ple ə/ noun a pleasant feel- pleasure job is to install or repair things such as ing His greatest pleasure is sitting by water pipes and heating systems the river. It gives me great pleasure to plump /pl mp/ adjective (of a person) plump be able to visit you today. with pleas- slightly fat in an attractive way He’s a ure used for saying that you are happy short man with a plump red face. Is to do something for someone I’ll do she pregnant or is she just plumper than the job with pleasure. she was? plenty / plenti/ noun a large quantity plenty plunge /pl nd / verb 1. to throw your- plunge You’ve got plenty of time to catch the self into water He plunged into the train. Plenty of people complain river to rescue the little boy. 2. to fall about the bus service. Have you got sharply Share prices plunged on the enough bread? – Yes, we’ve got plenty. news of the devaluation. (NOTE: no plural) plural / plυərəl/ adjective, noun (in plural plot /plɒt/ noun 1. a small area of land, plot grammar ) (which is) the form of a word e.g. used for building or for growing showing that there is more than one vegetables They own a plot of land Does ‘government’ take a singular or next to the river. The plot isn’t big plural verb? What’s the plural of enough to build a house on. 2. the basic ‘mouse’? The verb should be in the story of a book, play or film The novel plural after ‘programs’. has a complicated plot. I won’t tell plus /pl s/ preposition 1. added to His plus you the plot of the film – I don’t want to salary plus bonus comes to more than spoil it for you. 3. a secret plan to do £30,000. (NOTE: In calculations plus is something illegal or wrong They usually shown by the sign + : 10 + 4 = hatched a plot to hold up the security 14: say ‘ten plus four equals fourteen’.) van. 2. more than houses valued at pluck /pl k/ verb 1. to pull out feathers pluck £200,000 plus from a bird Ask the butcher to pluck pocket / pɒkt/ noun a small bag sewn pocket the pheasants for you. 2. to pull and let into the inside of a piece of clothing go of the strings of a guitar or other mu- such as a coat, in which you can keep sical instrument, in order to make a things such as money or keys She sound He was gently plucking the looked in all her pockets but couldn’t strings of his guitar. find her keys. He was leaning against plug /pl / noun 1. a flat round rubber plug a fence with his hands in his pockets. object which covers the hole in a bath or pod /pɒd/ noun a long green case in pod sink Can you call reception and tell which some small vegetables such as them there’s no plug in the bath? She peas or beans grow Mangetout peas pulled out the plug and let the water are eaten in their pods. drain away. 2. an object attached to the poem / pəυm/ noun a piece of writing poem end of a wire, which you push into a with words carefully chosen to sound hole in the wall to make a piece of elec- attractive or interesting, set out in lines trical equipment work The vacuum usually of a regular length which some- cleaner is supplied with a plug. times end in words which sound the plug in phrasal verb to connect a piece same He wrote a long poem about an of electrical equipment to an electricity old sailor. The poem about the First supply by pushing the plug into a hole in World War was set to music by Britten. the wall The computer wasn’t poet / pəυt/ noun a person who writes poet plugged in – that’s why it wouldn’t This is trial version poems work. plum /pl m/ noun a gold, red or purple poetry / pəυtri/ noun poems in general poetry plum fruit with a smooth skin and a large Reading poetry makes me cry. This www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 235 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM point 235 polite is a good example of German poetry. other things She poked about in her desk to see if she could find the papers. (NOTE: no plural) to poke out of somewhere to appear point /pɔnt/ noun 1. a sharp end of point through a hole or small space A red- something long The point of my pencil faced man poked his head out of the has broken. The stick has a very sharp window. A red handkerchief was pok- point. 2. a particular place The path ing out of his pocket. to poke fun at led us for miles through the woods and someone or something to laugh at in the end we came back to the point someone or something in an unkind where we started from. We had way He poked fun at the maths teach- reached a point 2,000m above sea level. er. She poked fun at his odd hat. 3. a particular moment in time From pole /pəυl/ noun a long wooden or metal pole that point on, things began to change. At what point did you decide to resign? stick 4. a meaning or reason The main point Pole /pəυl/ noun a person from Poland Pole of the meeting is to see how we can con- police /pə li s/ noun the people whose police tinue to run the centre without a grant. job is to control traffic, to try to stop there’s no point there’s no good rea- crime and to catch criminals The po- son for doing something There’s no lice are looking for the driver of the car. point in asking them to pay – they ha- The police emergency number is 999. ven’t any money. what’s the point? Call the police – I’ve just seen some- why? What’s the point of doing the one drive off in my car. same thing all over again? 5. a score in a game Their team scored three /pə li smən, pə policeman policeman points. In rugby, a try counts as five li swυmən/ noun a man who is an or- points. í verb to aim a gun or your fin- dinary member of the police (NOTE: The ger at something The teacher is point- plural is policemen.) ing at you. It’s rude to point at people. police officer /pə li s ɒfsə/ noun a police officer Don’t point that gun at me – it might member of the police go off. The guide pointed to the map to policy / pɒlsi/ noun decisions on the policy show where we were. it’s beside the point it’s got nothing to do with the way of doing something government main subject Whether or not the coat policy on wages or government wages matches your hat is beside the point – policy It is not our policy to give de- it’s simply too big for you. tails of employees over the phone. pointed / pɔntd/ adjective with a People voted Labour because they liked pointed their policies. sharp point at one end a pointed stick polish / pɒlʃ/ noun a substance used to polish poison / pɔz(ə)n/ noun a substance poison make things shiny Wash the car thor- which kills you or makes you ill if it is oughly before you put the polish on. í swallowed or if it gets into the blood verb to rub something in order to make There’s enough poison in this bottle to it shiny He polished his shoes until kill the whole town. Don’t drink that – they shone. it’s poison. Polish / pəυlʃ/ adjective relating to Po- poisonous / pɔz(ə)nəs/ adjective able Polish poisonous land The Polish Army joined in the to kill or harm people or animals with manoeuvres. í noun the language spo- poison ken in Poland I know three words of poke /pəυk/ noun a quick push with a poke Polish. You will need an English- finger or something sharp He got a Polish phrasebook if you’re visiting poke in the eye from someone’s umbrel- Warsaw. la. í verb to push something or some- polite /pə lat/ adjective pleasant to- polite one quickly with a finger or with some- This is trial version thing sharp He poked the heap with wards other people, not rude Sales his stick. to poke about for some- staff should be polite to customers. thing to search for something among (NOTE: politer – politest) www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 236 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM politely 236 portable politely /pə latli/ adverb in a polite way poor /pɔ / adjective 1. with little or no politely poor Ask the lady politely if you can have a money The family is very poor now sweetie. that both parents have no work. This is one of the poorest countries in Africa. politeness /pə latnəs/ noun the prac- politeness 2. of not very good quality Vines can tice of being polite grow even in poor soil. They were political /pə ltk(ə)l/ adjective refer- political selling off poor quality vegetables at a ring to government or to party politics cheap price. She’s been in poor health I don’t want to get involved in a political for some months. 3. used for showing argument. She gave up her political you are sorry Poor old you, having to career when she had the children. stay at home and finish your homework politician / pɒl tʃ(ə)n/ noun a person politician while we go to the cinema. My poor who works in politics, especially a legs, after climbing up the mountain! member of parliament Politicians pop /pɒp/ noun a noise like a cork com- pop from all parties have welcomed the re- ing out of a bottle There was a ‘pop’ port. as she lit the gas. í verb 1. to go some- politics / pɒltks/ plural noun the ideas politics where quickly I’ll just pop down to and methods used in governing a coun- the town. He popped into the chem- try í noun the study of how countries ist’s. I’m just popping round to Jane’s. are governed He studied politics and I’d only popped out for a moment. 2. economics at university. (NOTE: takes a to put something somewhere quickly singular verb) Pop the pie in the micro- (informal ) pollen / pɒlən/ noun a yellow powder on pollen wave for three minutes. (NOTE: pops – popping – popped) the stamens of a flower which touches part of a female flower and so creates popular / pɒpjυlə/ adjective liked by a popular seeds lot of people The department store is polluted /pə lu td/ adjective made polluted popular with young mothers. The dirty South Coast is the most popular area for holidays. pollution /pə lu ʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the proc- pollution popularity / pɒpjυ l rti/ noun the fact popularity ess of making the environment dirty Pollution of the atmosphere has in- of being liked by a lot of people creased over the last 50 years. 2. chem- population / pɒpjυ leʃ(ə)n/ noun the population icals and other substances that harm number of people who live in a place people and the environment It took six The population of the country is 60 mil- months to clean up the oil pollution on lion. Paris has a population of over the beaches. The pollution in the cen- three million. tre of town is so bad that people have pork /pɔ k/ noun fresh meat from a pig, pork started wearing face masks. eaten cooked (NOTE: no plural. Note pond /pɒnd/ noun a small lake pond also that salted or smoked meat from a pony / pəυni/ noun a small horse (NOTE: pony pig is ham or bacon.) The plural is ponies.) port /pɔ t/ noun 1. a place along a coast port pool /pu l/ noun 1. a very small lake pool where boats can stop, or a town with a He dived in and swam across the moun- place like this a fishing port The tain pool. We looked for shrimps in ship is due in port on Tuesday. We left the rock pools. 2. a large bath of water port at 12.00. 2. an opening in a compu- for swimming in an outdoor pool a ter for plugging in an attachment a heated pool We have a little swimming mouse port pool in the garden. He swam two portable / pɔ təb(ə)l/ adjective which portable lengths of the pool. 3. a game rather like This is trial version can be carried He used his portable snooker, where you hit balls into pock- ets using a long stick called a ‘cue’ We computer on the plane. Portable were playing pool in the bar. phones won’t work in the Underground. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 237 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM portion 237 post office portion / pɔ ʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a part possible / pɒsb(ə)l/ adjective able to portion possible This be done She agreed that the changes is only a small portion of the material were possible. we collected. Our carriage was in the rear portion of the train. 2. an amount of possibly / pɒsbli/ adverb 1. perhaps possibly food, usually for one person The por- The meeting will possibly finish late. tions in that restaurant are tiny. Ask January had possibly the worst snow- the waiter if they serve children’s por- storms we have ever seen. 2. used with tions. ‘can’ or ‘can’t’ to make a phrase strong- er You can’t possibly eat 22 pancakes! portrait / pɔ trt/ noun a painting or portrait How can you possibly expect me to do photograph of a person He has paint- all that work in one day? ed a portrait of the Queen. Old por- post /pəυst/ noun 1. a long piece of post traits of members of the family lined the walls of the dining room. wood or metal put in the ground The fence is attached to concrete posts. posh /pɒʃ/ adjective expensive and at- posh His shot hit the goalpost. 2. a job He tractive; suitable for special occasions applied for a post in the sales depart- I decided I’d better wear my poshest ment. We have three posts vacant. frock to the wedding. We ate in a real- They advertised the post in ‘The Times’. ly posh restaurant. 3. letters and parcels that are sent and position /pə zʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a place position received The morning post comes where someone or something is From around nine o’clock. There were no cheques in this morning’s post. Has his position on the roof he can see the the post arrived yet? 4. the system of whole of the street. The ship’s last sending letters and parcels It is easier known position was 200 miles east of to send the parcel by post than to deliver Bermuda. 2. a job The sales manager it by hand. í verb to send a letter or par- has a key position in the firm. He’s go- cel Don’t forget to post your Christ- ing to apply for a position as manager. mas cards. The letter should have ar- We have several positions vacant. 3. a rived by now – we posted it ten days situation or state of affairs What is the ago. company’s cash position? postbox / pəυstbɒks/ noun a box into postbox positive / pɒztv/ adjective 1. certain positive which you can put letters, which will or sure I’m positive I put the key in my then be collected and sent on by the post pocket. Are you positive he said six office o’clock? 2. (in a test) showing that the postcard / pəυstkɑ d/ noun a piece of postcard person tested has a particular condition card often with a picture on one side, The cancer test was positive. which you send to someone with a short possess /pə zes/ verb to own some- possess message on it thing They possess several farms in postcode / pəυstkəυd/ noun a series of postcode the south of the country. He lost all he letters and numbers given at the end of possessed in the fire. an address, to help the people whose job possession /pə zeʃ(ə)n/ noun the fact possession is to sort letters of owning something When he poster / pəυstə/ noun a large notice, poster couldn’t keep up the mortgage payments picture or advertisement stuck on a wall the bank took possession of the house. postman / pəυstmən/ noun a person postman possibility / pɒs blti/ noun the fact possibility who delivers letters to houses (NOTE: of being likely to happen Is there any The plural is postmen.) possibility of getting a ticket to the post office / pəυst ɒfs/ noun a build- post office show? There is always the possibility This is trial version that the plane will be early. There is ing where you can do such things as no possibility of the bank lending us any buying stamps, sending letters and par- more money. cels and paying bills The main post www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 238 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM postpone 238 power office is in the High Street. There are say ‘twenty-six pounds, six pounds’.) two parcels to be taken to the post office. 2. a unit of money used in Britain and postpone /pəυs pəυn/ verb to change several other countries He earns more postpone than six pounds an hour. The price of the time or date of an event so that it will the car is over £50,000 (fifty thousand happen a later date or time The meet- pounds). He tried to pay for his bus ing has been postponed until next week. ticket with a £20 note (twenty-pound pot /pɒt/ noun 1. a glass or china contain- pot note). (NOTE: pound is usually written er, usually without a handle The plant £ before figures: £20, £6,000: say is too big – it needs a bigger pot. She ‘twenty pounds, six thousand pounds’. made ten pots of strawberry jam. tea- With the word note, pound is singular: pot 2. a deep metal container with a twenty pounds but a twenty-pound long handle, used for cooking Do I note.) í verb 1. to hit something hard have to wash all the pots and pans by He pounded the table with his fist. 2. to hand? smash something into little pieces The potato /pə tetəυ/ noun a common potato ship was pounded to pieces by heavy white or yellow root vegetable which waves. grows under the ground boiled pota- pour /pɔ / verb 1. to make a liquid flow pour toes mashed potatoes roast pota- The waiter poured water all over the toes Do you want any more potatoes? table. He poured the wine into the We’re having roast lamb and potatoes glasses. She poured water down his for Sunday lunch. neck as a joke. 2. to flow out or down potential /pə tenʃəl/ adjective possible potential Clouds of smoke poured out of the He’s a potential world champion. house. There was a sudden bang and The potential profits from the deal are smoke poured out of the engine. Water enormous. í noun the possibility of de- was pouring through the ceiling. veloping into something useful or valu- pour down phrasal verb to rain very able The discovery has enormous po- hard Don’t go out without an umbrel- tential. She doesn’t have much experi- la – it’s pouring down. ence, but she has a lot of potential. poverty / pɒvəti/ noun the fact of being poverty The whole area has great potential for poor He lost all his money and died in economic growth. poverty. Poverty can drive people to pottery / pɒtəri/ noun 1. a place where pottery crime. pots are made There are several local powder / paυdə/ noun a substance like powder potteries where you can buy dishes. I bought this vase from the pottery where flour with very small dry grains The it was made. (NOTE: The plural in this drug is available in the form of a white sense is potteries.) 2. objects such as powder. This machine grinds pepper pots and plates, made of clay There’s corns to powder. a man in the market who sells local pot- power / paυə/ noun 1. the ability to con- power tery. She brought me some Spanish trol people or events He is the official pottery as a present. leader, but his wife has all the real pow- pouch /paυtʃ/ noun 1. a small bag for pouch er. I haven’t the power or it isn’t in my carrying objects such as coins She power to ban the demonstration. 2. carried the ring in a small leather pouch physical force They use the power of round her neck. 2. a bag in the skin in the waves to generate electricity. The front of some animals, where the young engine is driven by steam power. 3. elec- are carried The kangaroo carries its tricity used to drive machines or devices young in its pouch. (NOTE: The plural is Turn off the power before you try to pouches.) repair the TV set. 4. political control pound /paυnd/ noun 1. a measure of pound During the period when he was in pow- This is trial version weight, equal to about 450 grams (NOTE: er the country’s economy was ruined. 5. a powerful country China is one of the pound is usually written lb after fig- great powers. ures: It weighs 26lb.; Take 6lb of sugar : www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 239 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM powerful 239 preparation powerful / paυəf(ə)l/ adjective having a something or someone The mayor powerful praised the firemen for their efforts in lot of force, influence or capability putting out the fire. This model has a more powerful engine. The treasurer is the most powerful pray /pre/ verb to speak to God or some pray person in the organisation. The raft other religious being, asking for some- was swept away by the powerful cur- thing or saying thank you for something rent. This is the most powerful per- Farmers prayed for rain. sonal computer on the market. prayer /preə/ noun the words that some- prayer practical / pr ktk(ə)l/ adjective 1. re- practical one says when they are speaking to God ferring to real actions and events rather She says her prayers every night be- than ideas or plans She needs some fore going to bed. They said prayers practical experience. I need some for the sick. practical advice on how to build a wall. precious / preʃəs/ adjective 1. worth a precious 2. possible or sensible It isn’t practi- lot of money a precious stone 2. of cal to plug the computer into the same great value to someone All her pre- socket as the TV. Has anyone got a cious photographs were saved from the more practical suggestion to make? fire. The memories of that holiday are You need practical clothing for camp- very precious to me. ing. We must be practical and not try precise /pr sas/ adjective exact anything too ambitious. precise We practically / pr ktkli/ adverb almost need to know the precise measurements practically of the box. At that precise moment my Practically all the students passed the father walked in. Can you be more test. The summer is practically over. precise about what the men looked like? His suit is such a dark grey it is practi- cally black. precisely /pr sasli/ adverb exactly precisely practice / pr kts/ noun 1. the act of practice The train arrived at 12.00 precisely. I don’t know precisely when it was, but it doing something, as opposed to think- was about three months ago. How, ing about it or planning it 2. a repeated precisely, do you expect me to cope with activity done so that you can improve all this work? You need more practice before you’re ready to enter the competition. He’s at predict /pr dkt/ verb to say what will predict football practice this evening. The happen The weather forecasters have cars make several practice runs before predicted rain. He predicted correctly the race. 3. a way of doing something, that the deal would not last. Every- especially a way that is regularly used thing happened exactly as I had predict- It’s a standard practice for shops to ed. open late one day a week for staff train- prefix / pri fks/ noun a group of letters prefix ing. It’s been our practice for many put in front of another to form a new years to walk the dogs before breakfast. word (NOTE: The plural is prefixes.) í verb US spelling of practise in pregnant / pre nənt/ adjective (of a practice when something is done or pregnant carried out The plan seems very inter- woman or female animal ) carrying a esting, but what will it cost in practice? developing baby inside the body practise / pr kts/ verb 1. to do some- Don’t carry heavy weights when you’re practise pregnant. She hasn’t told her family thing many times in order to become yet that she’s pregnant. There are better at it He’s practising catching three pregnant women in my office. and throwing. 2. to work as a doctor, dentist or lawyer He’s officially re- preparation / prepə reʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. preparation tired but still practises part-time. the things that you do in order to get praise /prez/ noun admiration, the act praise ready for something The preparations This is trial version of showing approval The rescue team for the wedding went on for months. earned the praise of the survivors. í We’ve completed our preparations and verb to express strong approval of now we’re ready to start. 2. a substance www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 240 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM prepare 240 pressure which has been mixed a chemical ager. 2. a formal occasion on which preparation something is given to someone 3. a for- prepare /pr peə/ verb 1. to get some- mal occasion on which someone tells prepare other people about their work The thing ready We have prepared the hall company made a presentation of the for the school play. I have some services they could offer. friends coming to dinner and I haven’t presently / prez(ə)ntli/ adverb 1. soon presently prepared the meal. 2. to get ready for something He is preparing for his ex- I’ll be there presently. He’ll be mak- am. You’d better prepare yourself for ing a speech presently. 2. US now, at the some bad news. present time He’s presently working prepared /pr peəd/ adjective ready for a chemical company. She’s pres- prepared ently in England. What is presently Be prepared, you may get quite a shock. being done to correct the problem? Six people are coming to dinner and preserve /pr z v/ verb 1. to look after I’ve got nothing prepared. preserve preposition / prepə zʃ(ə)n/ noun a something and keep it in the same state preposition Our committee aims to preserve the word used with a noun or pronoun to wildlife in our area. The doctors’ aim show place or time is to preserve the life of the unborn presence / prez(ə)ns/ noun 1. the fact presence child. They would like to preserve of being present The presence of both their own alphabet rather than use the his wives in court was noted. Your Roman one. 2. to treat something so that presence is requested at a meeting of the it does not decay Meat can be pre- committee on June 23rd. 2. an effect you served in salt. Freezing is a common have on other people The general has method of preserving meat. a commanding presence. president / prezd(ə)nt/ noun the head president present1 / prez(ə)nt/ noun 1. some- present of a republic President Bush was thing which you give to someone, e.g. elected in 2000. The French president on their birthday I got a watch as a came on an official visit. (NOTE: also Christmas present. How many birth- used as a title before a surname: Pres- day presents did you get? Her col- ident Wilson) leagues gave her a present when she got presidential / prez denʃəl/ adjective presidential married. 2. the time we are in now relating to a president The novel is set in the present. 3. the press /pres/ noun newspapers taken as a form of a verb showing that the action is press happening now The present of the group The election wasn’t reported in verb ‘to go’ is ‘he goes’ or ‘he is going’. the British press. There has been no í adjective at a place when something mention of the problem in the press. happens there How many people were (NOTE: no plural) í verb to push some- present at the meeting? at present thing Press ‘12’ for room service. now The hotel still has some vacan- pressure / preʃə/ noun 1. something pressure cies at present. for the present for which forces you to do something now That will be enough for the Pressure from farmers forced the minis- present. ter to change his mind. to put pres- present2 /pr zent/ verb 1. to give present sure on someone to do something to something formally to someone as a try to force someone to do something present When he retired after thirty They put pressure on the government to years, the firm presented him with a build a new motorway. 2. the force of large clock. 2. to introduce a show on something such as air which is pushing TV or radio She’s presenting a pro- or squeezing There is not enough gramme on gardening. pressure in your tyres. under pres- / prez(ə)n teʃ(ə)n/ presentation presentation sure feeling that you are being forced to This is trial version noun 1. the act of giving something to do something He did it under pres- someone The chairman will make the sure. We’re under pressure to agree to presentation to the retiring sales man- a postponement. www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 241 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM pretend 241 principal pretend /pr tend/ verb to make some- prickle / prk(ə)l/ noun a sharp point on pretend prickle one believe something that is not true a plant or animal He got into the house by pretending to pride /prad/ noun 1. a pleasure in your pride be a telephone engineer. She pretend- own ability or possessions He takes ed she had flu and phoned to say she great pride in his garden. 2. a feeling of was having the day off. respect for yourself that is sometimes pretty / prti/ adjective 1. a pretty wom- pretty too strong, making you behave wrongly an or girl has a face that is quite attrac- His pride would not let him admit that tive Her daughters are very pretty. he had made a mistake. (NOTE: prettier – prettiest. Usually priest /pri st/ noun a person who carries priest pretty is used of things or girls, not of out formal religious duties boys or men.) 2. quite pleasant to look primary / praməri/ adjective main, ba- primary at That’s a pretty necklace. í adverb sic Our primary concern is the safety fairly (informal ) The patient’s condi- of our passengers. tion is pretty much the same as it was primary school / praməri sku l/ primary school yesterday. I’m pretty sure I’m right. noun a school for children up to the age You did pretty well, considering it was of eleven the first time you had tried rock-climb- prime /pram/ adjective 1. most impor- ing. prime prevent /pr vent/ verb to stop some- prevent tant The prime suspect in the case is the dead woman’s husband. This is a thing happening We must try to pre- prime example of what is wrong with vent any more flooding. this country. 2. most likely to be chosen previous / pri viəs/ adjective happen- previous She is a prime target for any kidnap- ing or existing at an earlier time The per. letter was sent to my previous address. prime minister / pram mnstə/ prime minister The gang of workers had arrived the previous night and started work first noun the head of the government in thing in the morning. I had spent the Britain and other countries the Aus- previous day getting to know my way tralian Prime Minister or the Prime round the town. Minister of Australia She cut out the previously / pri viəsli/ adverb at a time picture of the Prime Minister from the previously newspaper. The Prime Minister will before This is my first train trip to address the nation at 6 o’clock tonight. Paris – previously I’ve always gone by He was determined to become prime plane. The arrangements had been minister before the age of 40. (NOTE: made six weeks previously. At that Use initial capitals when you are talk- time they were living in New York, and ing about a particular prime minister.) previously had lived in London. prince /prns/ noun the son of a king or prey /pre/ noun an animal eaten by an- prince prey queen other animal Mice and small birds are princess /prn ses/ noun the daughter the favourite prey of owls. princess price /pras/ noun money which you of a king or queen Once upon a time price a beautiful princess lived in a castle by have to pay to buy something The the edge of the forest. (NOTE: also used price of petrol is going up. I don’t as a title before a name: Princess want to pay such a high price for a hotel Sophia. The plural is princesses.) room. There has been a sharp in- principal / prnsp(ə)l/ adjective most crease in house prices during the first principal six months of the year. important The country’s principal prick /prk/ verb to make a very small prick products are paper and wood. She hole with a sharp point in the outer layer played a principal role in setting up the organisation. í noun the head of a of something such as skin She pricked This is trial version her finger when she was picking roses. school or college The principal wants Prick the sausages before you fry to see you in her office. (NOTE: Do not them to stop them from bursting. confuse with principle.) www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 242 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM principle 242 process principle / prnsp(ə)l/ noun a general discuss with most people You have no principle right to interfere in my private affairs. rule the principles of nuclear physics This is a private discussion between me It is a principle in our system of jus- and my son. in private away from tice that a person is innocent until he is other people She asked to see the proved guilty. teacher in private. print /prnt/ verb 1. to mark letters or print prize /praz/ noun a reward given to prize pictures on paper with a machine, e.g. to someone who has won a competition make a book The book is printed di- He won first prize in the music competi- rectly from a computer disk. We had tion. He answered all the questions five hundred copies of the leaflet print- correctly and claimed the prize. The ed. 2. to write capital letters or letters prize was awarded jointly to the young which are not joined together Print British and Russian competitors. your name in the space below. í noun probable / prɒbəb(ə)l/ adjective likely probable 1. letters printed on a page I can’t read this book – the print is too small. 2. It’s probable that the ship sank in a a photograph If you are not happy storm. with your prints, we can guarantee a full probably / prɒbəbli/ adverb used for probably refund. saying that something is likely to hap- pen We’re probably going to Spain for print out phrasal verb to print informa- our holidays. My father is probably tion from a computer through a printing going to retire next year. Are you go- machine She printed out three copies ing to Spain as usual this year? – Very of the letter. printer / prntə/ noun 1. a person or probably. printer problem / prɒbləm/ noun 1. something problem company that prints things such as books and newspapers The book has or someone that causes difficulty gone to the printer, and we should have We’re having problems with the new copies next week. 2. a machine for print- computer system. to solve a problem ing documents to find an answer to a problem The police are trying to solve the problem of printout / prntaυt/ noun paper printed printout how the thieves got into the house. We with information from a computer have called in an expert to solve our prior / praə/ adjective before; previous prior computer problem. 2. a question in a The house can be visited by prior ar- test, especially in mathematics Most rangement with the owner. of the students could do all the problems priority /pra ɒrti/ noun 1. a right to be priority in the maths test. no problem used first Children have priority in the for giving an informal agreement to a waiting list. 2. a thing which has to be request done first Finding somewhere to stay procedure /prə si d ə/ noun 1. the way procedure the night was our main priority. in which something should be carried prison / prz(ə)n/ noun a building where prison out To obtain permission to build a people are kept when they are being new house you need to follow the cor- punished for a crime The judge sent rect procedure. 2. a medical treatment him to prison for five years. His fa- a new procedure for treating burns ther’s in prison for burglary. (NOTE: proceed /prə si d/ verb 1. to go further proceed Prison is often used without the article He proceeded down the High Street the.) towards the river. 2. to do something af- prisoner / prz(ə)nə/ noun a person prisoner ter something else The students then who is in prison The prisoners were proceeded to shout and throw bottles at taken away in a police van. passing cars. private / pravət/ adjective 1. which be- process /prəυ ses/ noun 1. the way in private process This is trial version longs to one person, and is not available which something is done, or the fact of to everyone He flew there in his pri- it being done a new process for ex- vate jet. 2. that you would not like to tracting oil from coal (NOTE: The plural www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 243 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM procession 243 progress in the process of medical profession the teaching pro- is processes.) 2. doing something while doing some- fession thing She interrupted me while I was professional /prə feʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adjec- professional in the process of writing my report. tive 1. relating to a profession He We were in the process of moving to keeps his professional life and his pri- London when I had the offer of a job in vate life completely separate. 2. expert Australia. í verb 1. to make goods from or skilled They did a very professional raw materials The uranium has to be job in designing the new office. 3. (of processed before it can be used in a nu- sportsmen) who is paid to play a pro- clear reactor. 2. to deal with a claim or fessional footballer í noun an expert bill in the usual way to process an in- Don’t try to deal with the problem your- surance claim Orders are processed self – get a professional in. in our warehouse. professor /prə fesə/ noun 1. the most professor procession /prə seʃ(ə)n/ noun a group procession senior teacher in a particular subject at a of people walking in line, sometimes university a professor of English an with music playing economics professor 2. the title taken by produce1 /prə dju s/ verb 1. to show produce some teachers of music and art She something or bring something out of goes to Professor Smith for piano les- e.g. your pocket The tax office asked sons. (NOTE: used as a title before a him to produce the relevant documents. name: Professor Smith.) He produced a bundle of notes from profit / prɒft/ noun money you gain profit his inside pocket. The factory produc- from selling something The sale pro- es cars and trucks. 2. to organise a play duced a good profit or a handsome prof- or film She is producing ‘Hamlet’ for it. the local drama club. 3. to make some- thing, especially in a factory 4. to give program / prəυ r m/ noun a set of in- program birth to young Our cat has produced structions given to a computer to load six kittens. 5. to grow crops The re- a program to run a program a gion produces enough rice to supply the word-processing program í verb to needs of the whole country. give instructions to a computer They produce2 / prɒdju s/ noun things that produce program computers for a living. (NOTE: have been grown in a garden or on a programs – programming – pro- farm vegetables and other garden grammed) produce (NOTE: Do not confuse with programme / prəυ r m/ noun 1. a TV programme product.) or radio show We watched a pro- producer /prə dju sə/ noun a company producer gramme on life in the 17th century. or country which makes or grows some- There’s a football programme on after thing an important producer of steel the news. I want to listen to the phone- The company is a major car producer. in programme at 9.15. There are no product / prɒd kt/ noun a thing which product good television programmes tonight. is made in a factory The government The programme gives a list of the ac- is helping industry to sell more products tors. 2. a paper in a theatre or at a sports abroad. (NOTE: Do not confuse with event, which gives information about the show í verb to arrange programmes produce.) production /prə d kʃən/ noun 1. the on TV or radio The new chat show is production programmed to compete with the gar- process of making of something We dening programme on the other chan- are trying to step up production. Pro- nel. duction will probably be held up by the strike. 2. organising a play or film The progress1 / prəυ res/ noun 1. a move- progress film is currently in production. ment forwards We are making good This is trial version profession /prə feʃ(ə)n/ noun work profession progress towards finishing the house. which needs special training, skill or in progress (NOTE: no plural) 2. knowledge the legal profession the which is happening or being done The www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 244 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM progress 244 proposal pronoun / prəυnaυn/ noun a word used meeting is still in progress. We still pronoun have a lot of work in progress. instead of a noun, such as ‘I’, ‘you’, progress2 /prəυ res/ verb to develop ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’ progress pronounce /prə naυns/ verb 1. to or move forwards Work on the new pronounce road is progressing slowly. speak sounds, especially in a particular project1 / prɒd ekt/ noun work planned way How do you pronounce ‘Paris’ in project French? 2. to state something officially by students on their own She asked He was pronounced dead on arrival her teacher for some pointers to help at hospital. The priest pronounced her with her project. them man and wife. project2 /prə d ekt/ verb to send a pic- project /prə n nsi eʃ(ə)n/ pronunciation pronunciation ture onto a screen The lecturer pro- noun a way of saying words What’s jected slides of his visit to the Arctic. the correct pronunciation of ‘controver- projector /prə d ektə/ noun a machine projector sy’? You should try to improve your which sends pictures onto a screen pronunciation by taking lessons from promise / prɒms/ noun the act of say- promise native speakers. ing that you will definitely do some- proof /pru f/ noun something which proof thing But you made a promise not to proves that something is true The po- tell anyone else and now you’ve told my lice have no proof that he committed the mother! I’ll pay you back on Friday – murder. that’s a promise. í verb to give your prop /prɒp/ noun a support or stick prop word that you will definitely do some- which holds something up I used a thing They promised to be back for piece of wood as a prop to keep the win- supper. You must promise to bring the dow open. computer back when you have finished proper / prɒpə/ adjective right and cor- proper with it. He promised he would look into the problem. She promised the rect; in the way that things are normally staff an extra week’s holiday but it never done She didn’t put the sugar back materialised. into its proper place in the cupboard. promote /prə məυt/ verb 1. to give This is the proper way to use a knife and promote fork. The parcel wasn’t delivered be- someone a better job He was promot- cause it didn’t have the proper address. ed from salesman to sales manager. 2. to properly / prɒpəli/ adverb correctly properly make sure that people know about a product or service, by advertising it The accident happened because the ga- There are posters all over the place pro- rage hadn’t fitted the wheel properly. moting the new night club. 3. to encour- The parcel wasn’t properly addressed. age something The club’s aim is to property / prɒpəti/ noun 1. something property promote gardening. that belongs to a particular person The promotion /prə məυʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a promotion furniture is the property of the landlord. move to a better job He ruined his The hotel guests lost all their property chances of promotion when he argued in the fire. The management is not re- with the boss. 2. the process of advertis- sponsible for property left in the restau- ing a new product We’re giving away rant. 2. buildings and land The family small bottles of shampoo as a promo- owns property in West London. A lot tion. of industrial property was damaged in the war. (NOTE: [all senses] no plural) prompt /prɒmpt/ adjective done imme- prompt proportion /prə pɔ ʃ(ə)n/ noun a part proportion diately Thank you for your prompt re- ply. í verb to tell an actor words which of a whole Only a small proportion of he or she has forgotten He had to be his income comes from his TV appear- prompted in the middle of a long speech. ances. This is trial version promptly / prɒmptli/ adverb very soon proposal /prə pəυz(ə)l/ noun a plan promptly proposal after an event, in a way that is helpful or which has been suggested The com- efficient mittee made a proposal to rebuild the www.adultpdf.com
Basic.fm Page 245 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM propose 245 publication clubhouse. His proposal was accept- went to prison still protesting her inno- cence. ed by the committee. She put forward a proposal but it was rejected. protester /prə testə/ noun a person protester propose /prə pəυz/ verb to make a sug- who protests in a public way about propose something they don’t agree with Sev- gestion I propose that we all go for a eral protesters stood outside the bank’s swim. offices handing out leaflets. prosecute / prɒskju t/ verb to bring prosecute proud /praυd/ adjective showing pleas- proud someone to court to answer a criminal ure in what you or someone else has charge People found stealing from the done or in something which belongs to shop will be prosecuted. you We’re proud of the fact we did it prospect / prɒspekt/ noun a future pos- prospect all without help from anyone else. sibility There is no prospect of getting proudly / praυdli/ adverb showing that proudly her to change her mind. Faced with you are proud of something the grim prospect of two weeks at home prove /pru v/ verb to show that some- prove he decided to go on holiday. í plural thing is true The police think he stole noun prospects future opportunities, the car but they can’t prove it. I was especially in your work His job pros- determined to prove him wrong or that pects are very good. What are our he was wrong. proof (NOTE: proves – prospects of success in this business proving – proved) deal? proverb / prɒv b/ noun a saying which proverb protect /prə tekt/ verb to keep someone protect teaches you something or something safe from harm or danger provide /prə vad/ verb to supply some- provide The cover protects the machine thing Medical help was provided by against dust. The injection is sup- the Red Cross. Our hosts provided us posed to protect you against the disease. with a car and driver. protection /prə tekʃən/ noun shelter, protection provided (that) /prə vadd ð t/, pro- provided the process of being protected The viding /prə vadŋ/ conjunction on trees give some protection from the rain. condition that; as long as, so long as The legislation offers no protection to It’s nice to go on a picnic provided it temporary workers. The injection doesn’t rain. You can all come to gives some protection against cholera. watch the rehearsal providing you don’t protein / prəυti n/ noun a substance in protein interrupt. prudent / pru dənt/ adjective showing food such as meat, eggs and nuts which prudent is one of the elements in food which you good sense and using good judgement need to keep your body working proper- It would be prudent to consult a lawyer ly before you sign the contract. protest1 / prəυtest/ noun a statement pub /p b/ noun a place where you can protest pub saying that you object or disapprove of buy beer and other alcoholic drinks, and sometimes meals I happened to meet something The new road went ahead despite the protests of the local inhabit- him at the pub. We had a sandwich ants. She resigned as a protest against and some beer in the pub. public / p blk/ adjective relating to the the change in government policy. public protest2 /prə test/ verb 1. to say or people in general The crown jewels protest are on public display in the Tower of show that you do not approve of some- London. It’s in the public interest that thing After being stuck in the train for the facts should be known. í noun peo- twenty minutes, the passengers began to ple in general The public have the protest. to protest against something right to know what is going on. to object strongly to something Eve- This is trial version publication / p bl keʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. publication ryone has protested against the increase in fares. 2. to insist that something is the process of making something public true, when others think it isn’t She The publication of the official figures www.adultpdf.com

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