Ebook Diseases of poultry (12th Edition)

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This edition represents a continuation of the tradition established earlier of providing the latest information on poultry diseases. Earlier trends of expansion of authorship to include authors from around the globe continued in this edition. Efforts continued to standardize the format of the chapters to enhance the search for specific items in a given chapter.

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Diseasesof Poultry Twelfth Edition editor-in-chief Y. M. Saif associate editors A.M. Fadly J.R. Glisson L.R. McDougald L.K. Nolan D.E. Swayne
12th Edition Diseases of Poultry
12th Edition Diseases of Poultry Editor-in-Chief Y. M. Saif Associate Editors A. M. Fadly J. R. Glisson L. R. McDougald L. K. Nolan D. E. Swayne Editorial Board for the American Association of Avian Pathologists
© 1943, 1948, 1952, 1959, 1965, 1972, 1978, 1984, 1991, 1997 First edition, 1943 Iowa State University Press Second edition, 1948 © 2003 Iowa State Press Third edition, 1952 © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Fourth edition, 1959 All rights reserved Fifth edition, 1965 Sixth edition, 1972 Blackwell Publishing Professional Seventh edition, 1978 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014, USA Eighth edition, 1984 Ninth edition, 1991 Orders: 1-800-862-6657 Tenth edition, 1997 Office: 1-515-292-0140 Eleventh edition, 2003 Fax: 1-515-292-3348 Twelfth edition, 2008 Web site: www.blackwellprofessional.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Blackwell Publishing Ltd 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK Diseases of poultry/editor-in-chief, Y.M. Saif ; associate editors, Tel.: +44 (0)1865 776868 A.M. Fadly ... [et al.].—12th ed. p. cm. Blackwell Publishing Asia Includes bibliographical references and index. 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia ISBN-13: 978-0-8138-0718-8 (alk. paper) Tel.: +61 (0)3 8359 1011 ISBN-10: 0-8138-0718-2 (alk. paper) 1. Poultry—Diseases. I. Saif, Y. M. II. Fadly, A.M. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, SF995.D69 2008 or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by 636.5Ј0896-dc22 Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly 2007039287 to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been The last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payments has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is ISBN-13: 978-0-8138-0718-8/2008.
Dedicated to Dr. H. John Barnes, Associate Editor, Diseases of Poultry, 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th editions
Contents Contributing Authors xi 09 Adenovirus Infections 251 Introduction, S. D. Fitzgerald Introduction xix Group I Adenovirus Infections, B. M. Adair and Foreword xxi S. D. Fitzgerald Egg Drop Syndrome, B. M. Adair and J. A. Smyth 01 Principles of Disease Prevention: Diagnosis and Control 3 Hemorrhagic Enteritis and Related Infections, Introduction, A. J. Bermudez F W. Pierson and S. D. Fitzgerald . Disease Prevention and Diagnosis, A. J. Bermudez and Quail Bronchitis, W. M. Reed and S. W. Jack B. Stewart-Brown Antimicrobial Therapy, D. P. Wages 10 Pox 291 D. N. Tripathy and W. M. Reed 02 Host Factors for Disease Resistance 47 Introduction, J. M. Sharma 11 Reovirus Infections 309 Avian Immune System, J. M. Sharma Introduction, R. C. Jones Genetics of Disease Resistance, H. H. Cheng and Viral Arthritis, R. C. Jones S. J. Lamont Other Reovirus Infections, R. C. Jones 12 Viral Enteric Infections 329 SECTION I: VIRAL DISEASES Introduction, Y. M. Saif 03 Newcastle Disease, Other Avian Paramyxoviruses, 75 Turkey Coronavirus Enteritis, J. S. Guy and Pneumovirus Infections Rotavirus Infections, M. S. McNulty and D. L. Reynolds Introduction, D. J. Alexander and D. A. Senne Astrovirus Infections, D. L. Reynolds and Newcastle Disease, D. J. Alexander and D. A. Senne S. L. Schultz-Cherry Avian Metapneumovirus, R. E. Gough and R. C. Jones Avian Enterovirus-Like Viruses, J. S. Guy, Avian Paramyxoviruses 2–9, D. J. Alexander and M. S. McNulty and C. S. Hayhow D. A. Senne Turkey Torovirus Infection, D. L. Reynolds and A. Ali 04 Infectious Bronchitis 117 13 Viral Infections of Waterfowl 367 D. Cavanagh and J. Gelb Jr. Introduction, P R. Woolcock . 05 Laryngotracheitis 137 Duck Hepatitis, P R. Woolcock . J. S. Guy and M. Garcia Duck Virus Enteritis (Duck Plague), T. S. Sandhu and S. A. Metwally 06 Influenza 153 Hemorrhagic Nephritis Enteritis of Geese (HNEG), D. E. Swayne and D. A. Halvorson J. L. Guérin 07 Infectious Bursal Disease 185 Parvovirus Infections, R. E. Gough N. Eterradossi and Y. M. Saif 14 Other Viral Infections 405 08 Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus and 209 Introduction, Y. M. Saif Other Circovirus Infections Miscellaneous Herpesvirus Infections, Introduction, K. A. Schat and L. W. Woods J. P Duchatel and H. Vindevogel . Chicken Infectious Anemia, K. A. Schat and Avian Nephritis, T. Imada V L. van Santen . Arbovirus Infections, J. S. Guy and M. Malkinson Circovirus Infection of Pigeons and Other Avian Species, Turkey Viral Hepatitis, J. S. Guy L. W. Woods and K. S. Latimer Avian Encephalomyelitis, B. W. Calnek Avian Hepatitis E Virus Infections, X. J. Meng, H. L. Shivaprasad, and C. Payne vii
viii ● Contents 15 Neoplastic Diseases 449 22 Clostridial Diseases 865 Introduction, A. M. Fadly Introduction, H. J. Barnes Marek’s Disease, K. A. Schat and V Nair . Ulcerative Enteritis (Quail Disease), D. P. Wages Leukosis/Sarcoma Group, A. M. Fadly and V Nair . Necrotic Enteritis, K. Opengart Reticuloendotheliosis, A. M. Fadly, G. Zavala and Botulism, J. E. Dohms R. L. Witter Gangrenous Dermatitis, K. Opengart Dermal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, S. Hafner and 23 Other Bacterial Diseases 891 M. A. Goodwin Introduction, H. J. Barnes Multicentric Histiocytosis, S. Hafner and M. A. Goodwin Staphylococcosis, C. B. Andreasen Other Tumors of Unknown Etiology, R. L. Reece Streptococcus and Enterococcus, S. G. Thayer, W. D. Waltman, and D. P. Wages SECTION II: BACTERIAL DISEASES Erysipelas, J. M. Bricker and Y. M. Saif 16 Salmonella Infections 619 Avian Intestinal Spirochetosis, D. J. Hampson and Introduction, R. K. Gast D. E. Swayne Pullorum Disease and Fowl Typhoid, Tuberculosis, R. M. Fulton and S. Sanchez H. L. Shivaprasad and P A. Barrow . Other Bacterial Diseases, H. J. Barnes and L. K. Nolan Paratyphoid Infections, R. K. Gast Arizonosis, H. L. Shivaprasad 24 Avian Chlamydiosis (Psittacosis, Ornithosis) 971 A. A. Andersen and D. Vanrompay 17 Campylobacteriosis 675 Q. Zhang SECTION III: FUNGAL DISEASES 18 Colibacillosis 691 25 Fungal Infections, B. R. Charlton, R. P. Chin, and 989 H. J. Barnes, L. K. Nolan, and H. J. Barnes J-P Vaillancourt Introduction Coliform Cellulitis (Inflammatory Process), J-P Aspergillosis Vaillancourt and H. J. Barnes Candidiasis (Thrush) Dermatophytosis (Favus) 19 Pasteurellosis and Other Respiratory Bacterial 739 Dactylariosis Infections Sporadic Fungal Infections Introduction, J. R. Glisson Histoplasmosis Fowl Cholera, J. R. Glisson, C. L. Hofacre, and Cryptococcosis J. P Christensen . Zygomycosis (Phycomycosis) Riemerella anatipestifer Infection, T. S. Sandhu Macrorhabdosis (Megabacteria) Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Infection, R. P Chin, P C. M. van Empel, and H. M. Hafez . . SECTION IV: PARASITIC DISEASES Bordetellosis (Turkey Coryza), M. W. Jackwood 26 External Parasites and Poultry Pests 1011 and Y. M. Saif N. C. Hinkle and L. Hickle 20 Infectious Coryza and Related Bacterial Infections 789 27 Internal Parasites 1025 P J. Blackall and E. V Soriano . . Introduction, L. R. McDougald 21 Mycoplasmosis 805 Nematodes, T. A. Yazwinski and C. A. Tucker Introduction, S. H. Kleven Cestodes and Trematodes, L. R. McDougald Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection, D. H. Ley 28 Protozoal Infections 1067 Mycoplasma meleagridis Infection, R. P Chin, . Introduction, L. R. McDougald G. Y. Ghazikhanian, and I. Kempf Coccidiosis, L. R. McDougald and S. H. Fitz-Coy Mycoplasma synoviae Infection, S. H. Kleven and Cryptosporidiosis, L. R. McDougald N. Ferguson-Noel Cochlosoma anatis Infection, A. J. Bermudez Mycoplasma iowae Infection, J. M. Bradbury and Histomoniasis (Blackhead) and Other Protozoan S. H. Kleven Diseases of the Intestinal Tract, L. R. McDougald Other Mycoplasmal Infections, S. H. Kleven and Miscellaneous and Sporadic Protozoal Infections, N. Ferguson-Noel A. J. Bermudez
Contents ● ix SECTION V: NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES SECTION VI: OTHER DISEASES 29 Nutritional Diseases 1121 33 Emerging Diseases and Diseases of Complex or 1261 K. C. Klasing Unknown Etiology Introduction, Y. M. Saif 30 Developmental, Metabolic, and Other 1149 Multicausal Respiratory Diseases, S. H. Kleven Noninfectious Disorders Multicausal Enteric Diseases, D. L. Reynolds R. Crespo and H. L. Shivaprasad Hypoglycemia-Spiking Mortality Syndrome of 31 Mycotoxicoses 1197 Broiler Chickens, J. F Davis . F J. Hoerr . Proventriculitis and Proventricular Dilatation of Broiler Chickens, S. Hafner, M. A. Goodwin, J. S. Guy, 32 Other Toxins and Poisons 1231 and M. Pantin-Jackwood R. M. Fulton Index 1279
Contributing Authors Brian M. Adair Alex J. Bermudez Veterinary Sciences Division Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory Department of Agriculture & Rural Development University of Missouri-Columbia Stoney Road P.O. Box 6023 Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD Columbia, MO 65205 Email: Brian.Adair@afbini.gov.uk Email: Bermudeza@missouri.edu Dennis J. Alexander Pat J. Blackall Poultry Department Animal Research Institute Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge Locked Mail Bag No. 4 New Haw, Weybridge Moorooka Qld 4105 Surrey KT15 3NB Australia England Email: pat.blackall@dpi.gld.gov.au Email: d.j.alexander@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk Janet M. Bradbury A. Ali The University of Liverpool College of Veterinary Medicine Dept. of Veterinary Pathology Iowa State University Jordan Building Ames, IA 50011 Leahurst Email: aliizo@yahoo.com Neston Wirral, CH64 7TE England Arthur A. Andersen Email: JMB41@LIVERPOOL.AC.UK National Animal Disease Center P.O. Box 70 Joseph M. Bricker Ames, IA 50010 Pfizer Email: aanderse@nadc.ars.usda.gov Richland, MI 49083 Email: joseph.m.bricker@pfizer.com Claire B. Andreasen Iowa State University B. W. Calnek Department of Veterinary Pathology Unit of Avian Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Microbiology and Immunology Ames, IA 50011-1250 College of Veterinary Medicine Email: candreas@iastate.edu Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853 H. John Barnes Email: bwc4@cornell.edu College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University David Cavanagh 4700 Hillsborough Institute for Animal Health Raleigh, NC 27606 Compton Laboratory Email: jnvkbarnes@mindspring.com Compton, Newbury Berkshire RG 20 7NN England Email dave.cavanagh@bbsrc.ac.uk xi
xii ● Contributing Authors B.R. Charlton N. Eterradossi California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory Unité de Virologie University of California, Davis Immunologie et Parasitologie Aviaires et Cunicoles 2789 South Orange Avenue Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA) Fresno, CA 93725 BP 53, 22440 Email: brcharlton@ucdavis.edu Ploufragan, France Email: n.eterradossi@ploufragan.afssa.fr Hans H. Cheng USDA/ARS Aly M. Fadly Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory Michigan State University USDA Agricultural Research Service E. Lansing, MI 48823 3606 East Mount Hope Road Email: hcheng@msu.edu East Lansing, MI 48823 Email: fadly@msu.edu R. P. Chin California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory N. Ferguson-Noel University of California, Davis University of Georgia 2789 South Orange Avenue Athens, GA 30602 Fresno, CA 93725 Email: naolaf@uga.edu Email: Rchin@cahfs.ucdavis.edu Steve Fitz-Coy J.P. Christensen Schering-Plough Corporation Department of Veterinary Microbiology Salisbury, MD 21801 The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Email: Steve.Fitz-Coy@SPCorp.com Stigbojlen 4, DK 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark S.D. Fitzgerald Email: Jens.P.Christensen@vetmi.kvl.dk Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory College of Veterinary Medicine Rocio Crespo Michigan State University California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System East Lansing, MI 48824 Fresno Branch Email: Fitzgerald@dcpah.msu.edu 2789 S. Orange Avenue Fresno, CA 93725 Richard M. Fulton Email: rcrespo@cahfs.ucdavis.edu G304 Veterinary Medical Center Animal Health Diagnostic Lab James F. Davis Michigan State University Georgia Poultry Laboratory East Lansing, MI 48824-2152 4457 Oakwood Road Email: fulton@dcpah.msu.edu P.O. Box 20 Oakwood, GA 30566 Maricarmen Garcia Email: jdavis@gapoultrylab.org Department of Population Health College of Veterinary Medicine John E. Dohms University of Georgia Department of Animal and Food Sciences 953 College Station Road College of Agricultural Sciences Athens, GA 30602-4875 University of Delaware Email: mcgarcia@uga.edu Newark, DE 19717-1303 Email: dohms@udel.edu Richard K. Gast Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit J. P. Duchatel SEPRL/USDA/ARS Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 950 College Station Road University of Liege Athens, GA 30605 Liege, Belgium Email: rgast@seprl.usda.gov Email: jpduchatel@ulg.ac.be
Contributing Authors ● xiii Jack Gelb, JR. H. M. Hafez Department of Animal and Food Sciences and Avian Institute of Poultry Diseases Biosciences Center Free University Berlin University of Delaware Koserstr 21 Newark, DE 19716 Berlin, 14195 Email: jgelb@udel.edu Germany Email: hafez@zedat.fu-berlin.de G. Yan Ghazikhanian Nicholas Turkey Breeding Farms Scott Hafner P.O. Box Y 252 Ashbrook Drive Sonoma, CA 95476 Athens, GA 30605 Email: yghazikhanian@nicholas-turkey.com Email: Scott.Hafner@fsis.usda.gov J. R. Glisson David A. Halvorson Department of Population Health 301 Veterinary Science College of Veterinary Medicine 1971 Commonwealth Avenue University of Georgia University of Minnesota 953 College Station Road St. Paul, MN 55108 Athens, GA 30602-4875 Email: halvo002@maroon.tc.umn.edu Email: jglisson@arches.uga.edu D.J. Hampson Mark A. Goodwin School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences 160 Lawrenceville Avenue Murdoch University Jefferson, GA 30549 Perth, Western Australia Email: chickenmag@yahoo.com Email: D.Hampson@murdoch.edu.au Richard E. Gough Chris S. Hayhow Department of Avian Virology Biomune Company Veterinary Laboratories Agency Lenexa, KS 66215 Weybridge, New Haw Email: chayhow@biomunecompany.com Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB United Kingdom Leslie Hickle Email: r.e.gough@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk Synthetic Genomics Inc. LaJolla, CA 92037 Jean-Luc Guerin Email: lhickle@syntheticgenomics.com Unité Productions Animales UMR Microbiologie Moleculaire Nancy C. Hinkle Ecole Nationale Veterinarie de Toulouse Department of Entomology 23, chemin des Capelles University of Georgia 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3 Athens, GA 30602 France Email: NHinkle@uga.edu Email: jl.guerin@envt.fr Frederic J. Hoerr James S. Guy Thompson Bishop Sparks State Diagnostic Laboratory Department of Population Health and Pathobiology P.O. Box 2209 College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn, AL 36831-2209 North Carolina State University Email: hoerrfj@vetmed.auburn.edu 4700 Hillsborough Raleigh, NC 27606 C. L. Hofacre Email: Jim_Guy@ncsu.edu Department of Avian Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602-4875 Email: chofacre@arches.uga.edu
xiv ● Contributing Authors Tadao Imada K. S. Latimer National Institute of Animal Health Department of Veterinary Pathology Kannondai, Tsukuba 305 College of Veterinary Medicine Japan University of Georgia Email: imadatad@affrc.go.jp Athens, GA 30602 Email: latimer@vet.uga.edu Sherman W. Jack Mississippi State University David H. Ley College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Food Animal & Equine Medicine Box 9825 College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State, MS 39762 North Carolina State University Email: jack@cvm.msstate.edu 4700 Hillsborough Raleigh, NC 27606 Mark W. Jackwood Email: david_ley@ncsu.edu Dept. of Avian Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Mertyn Malkinson University of Georgia Veterinary Services and Animal Health 953 College Station Road Kimron Veterinary Institute Athens, GA 30602-4875 Beit Dagan, Israel 50250 Email: mjackwoo@arches.uga.edu Email: malkins@agri.huji.ac.il R. C. Jones Larry R. McDougald Department of Veterinary Pathology Department of Poultry Science University of Liverpool University of Georgia Jordan Building Athens, GA 30602-4875 Leahurst, Neston Email: lrmcd@uga.edu South Wirral L64 7TE United Kingdom M. S. McNulty Email: r.c.jones@liverpool.ac.uk Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland Veterinary Sciences Division Isabelle Kempf Stormont, Belfast Unité Mycoplasmologie Bacteriologie Northern Ireland BT4 3SD Agence Francaise de Securite Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA) Email: m-mcnulty@utvinternet.com F-22440 Ploufragan France X. J. Meng Email: i.kempf@ploufragan.afssa.fr Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Kirk C. Klasing Blacksburg, VA 24061 Department of Animal Sciences Email: xjmeng@vt.edu University of California-Davis Davis, CA 95616 Samia A. Metwally Email: kcklasing@ucdavis.edu Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory Plum Island Animal Disease Center Stanley H. Kleven P.O. Box 848 Department of Avian Medicine Greenport, NJ 11944 College of Veterinary Medicine Email: Samia.a.metwally@aphis.usda.gov University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602-4875 Venugopal Nair Email: skleven@arches.uga.edu Head, Viral Oncogenesis Group Institute for Animal Health Susan J. Lamont Compton, Berkshire Department of Animal Science United Kingdom RG20 7NN Iowa State University Email: venu.gopal@bbsrc.ac.uk Ames, IA 50011 Email: sjlamont@iastate.edu
Contributing Authors ● xv Lisa K. Nolan Y. M. Saif Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC Medicine The Ohio State University Iowa State University 1680 Madison Avenue Ames, IA 50011 Wooster, OH 44691 Email: lknolan@iastate.edu Email: saif.1@osu.edu Kenneth Opengart Susan Sanchez Keystone Foods Veterinary Medicine Diagnostic Laboratory 6767 Old Madison Pike University of Georgia Bldg. 5, Suite 500 Athens, GA 30602 Huntsville, AL 35806 Email: ssanchez@vet.uga.edu Email: ken.opengart@keystonefoods.com T. S. Sandhu Mary Pantin-Jackwood Cornell University Duck Research Laboratory USDA/ARS, Southeastern Poultry Research Lab Unit of Avian Medicine 934 College Station Road College of Veterinary Medicine Athens, GA 30605 192 Old Country Road Email: mpantin-jackwood@seprl.usda.gov P.O. Box 217 Eastport, NY 11941 Christine L. Payne Email: tss3@cornell.edu Animal Health Laboratories Agriculture Western Australia Karel A. Schat Baron-Hay Court Unit of Avian Medicine South Perth, WA 6151 Department of Microbiology and Immunology Australia College of Veterinary Medicine Email: cpayne@cyllene.uwa.edu.au Cornell University Ithaca, NY l4853 F. William Pierson Email: kas24@cornell.edu Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences VA-MD Regional College Vet. Med. Stacey L. Schultz-Cherry Blacksburg, VA 24601 Department of Medical Microbiology Email: pierson@vt.edu University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53706 Rodney L. Reece Email: slschul2@wisc.edu NSW Department of Primary Industries Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute Dennis A. Senne Private Mail Bag 8 USDA National Veterinary Laboratory Services Camden, NSW 2570 Ames, IA 50010 Australia Email: dennis.a.senne@aphis.usda.gov Email: rod.reece@dpi.nsw.gov.au Jagdev M. Sharma Willie M. Reed Department of Veterinary Pathobiology School of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University University of Minnesota Lynn Hall, room 1176 1971 Commonwealth Avenue 625 Harrison Street St. Paul, MN 55108 West Lafayette, IN 47907 Email: sharm001@maroon.tc.umn.edu Email: wreed@purdue.edu H. L. Shivaprasad Donald L. Reynolds California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System Veterinary Medical Research Institute Fresno Branch 2520 College of Veterinary Medicine 2789 South Orange Avenue Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 Fresno, CA 93725 Email: DLR@iastate.edu Email: hprasad@cahfs.ucdavis.edu
xvi ● Contributing Authors Joan A. Smyth Paul C. M. Van Empel Department of Pathobiology Bacteriological Research Department University of Connecticut Intervet International Storrs, CT 06269 B.V Post-Box 31 . Email: Joan.Smyth@uconn.edu 5830 AA Boxmeer The Netherlands Edgardo Soriano Email: paul.vanempel@intervet.com Centro de Investigacion Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA) Vicky L. Van Santen Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ) Department of Pathobiology Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico (UAEM) Auburn University Instituto Literario No. 100 Auburn, AL 36849 Toluca 50000, Mexico Email: vanvick@vetmed.auburn.edu Email: soriano@uaemex.mx Daisy Vanrompay Bruce Stewart-Brown Laboratory of Gene Technology Perdue Farms University of Leuven P.O. Box 1537 K. Mercierlaan 92 Salisbury, MD 21802 3001 Heverlee Email: bruce-stewart-brown@perdue.com Belgium Email: daisy.vanrompay@UGent.be David E. Swayne USDA/ARS H. Vindevogel Southeastern Poultry Research Lab Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 934 College Station Road University of Liege Athens, GA 30605 Bld de Colonster 20/BAT B.42 Email: dswayne@seprl.usda.gov 4000 Liege Belgium Stephan G. Thayer Email: H.Vindevogel@ulg.ac.be Department of Population Health College of Veterinary Medicine Dennis P. Wages University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine 953 College Station Road North Carolina State University Athens, GA 30602-4875 4700 Hillsborough Email: sthayer@uga.edu Raleigh, NC 27606 Email: dennis_wages@ncsu.edu Deoki N. Tripathy Department of Veterinary Pathobiology W. Douglas Waltman College of Veterinary Medicine Georgia Poultry Diagnostic Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Georgia Department of Agriculture Urbana, IL 61801 Atlanta, GA 30334 Email: tripathy@uiuc.edu Email: dwaltman@gapoultrylab.org Christopher A. Tucker R. L. Witter Department of Animal Science Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory University of Arkansas USDA Agricultural Research Service Fayetteville, AR 72704 3606 East Mount Hope Road Email: ctucke@uark.edu East Lansing, MI 48823 Email: witterr@msu.edu Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt Department of Clinical Sciences Leslie W. Woods University of Montreal Department of Veterinary Sciences and Pathobiology St. Hyacinthe University of Wyoming Quebec Laramie, WY 82070 Email: jean-pierre.vaillancourt@umontreal.ca Email: lwoods1@uwyo.edu
Contributing Authors ● xvii P. R. Woolcock Guillermo Zavala California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System Department of Population Health Fresno Branch College of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia University of California, Davis 953 College Station Road 2789 South Orange Avenue Athens, GA 30602-4875 Fresno, CA 93725 Email: gzavala@uga.edu Email: prwoolcock@ucdavis.edu Qijing Zhang Thomas A. Yazwinski Department of Veterinary Microbiology Department of Animal Science Iowa State University University of Arkansas Ames, IA 50011 Fayetteville, AR 72701 Email: zhang123@iastate.edu Email: Yazwinsk@uark.edu
Introduction The editorial board asked a distinguished colleague and former Enteric Diseases,” in recognition of the fact that it is a condition editor-in-chief of this book, Dr. Bruce Calnek, to write the Fore- resulting from multiple infections. word to this edition containing a historical account of Diseases of Chapter 1 was split in two, and a new chapter, “Host Factors Poultry. We are indebted to Dr. Calnek for providing a compre- for Disease Resistance,” was created. This was done in recogni- hensive account of the history of this book, which indeed should tion of the importance of the subject matter for a book on dis- be preserved. Thank you, Bruce. eases and because of the increasing knowledge on the subject. This edition is fittingly dedicated to Dr. John Barnes, who The chapter on avian encephalomyelitis was combined with served on the editorial boards of the eighth, ninth, tenth, and Chapter 14 in which coverage of similar infections is placed. The eleventh editions of Diseases of Poultry. Dr. Barnes’ contribu- chapter on bordetellosis was combined with the chapter on tions have been instrumental in maintaining the high quality of pasteurellosis and other respiratory bacterial infections. this book, and, indeed, we are highly grateful for his efforts. Dr. A collective thank you goes to the authors who contributed to Lisa Nolan joined the editorial board, and we are very apprecia- earlier editions of the book and those that contributed to the cur- tive of her services. rent edition. It has been a delightful experience working with all This edition represents a continuation of the tradition estab- of you. lished earlier of providing the latest information on poultry dis- The personnel at Wiley-Blackwell that worked on this edition eases. Earlier trends of expansion of authorship to include au- have been most helpful and accommodating, and we sincerely thors from around the globe continued in this edition. Efforts appreciate their support. continued to standardize the format of the chapters to enhance This is the second time that I served as editor-in-chief of the search for specific items in a given chapter. Diseases of Poultry, and I (YMS) am indebted to my colleagues, All the book chapters were updated. There is one less chapter the associate editors, for their tireless efforts in the review in this edition; some chapters were combined; and a new chapter process and their support and advice. was created. These changes were dictated by the increasing or de- Finally, I would like to acknowledge a special person, my as- creasing significance of some diseases or the increasing knowl- sociate Ms. Hannah Gehman. Her organizational skills, patience, edge on a given disease. Some subchapters have been moved to speed, attention to details, and pleasant demeanor have been most different chapters because of recent findings indicating that they helpful and appreciated. fit within different areas. The last chapter, “Emerging Diseases and Diseases of Com- Editor-in-Chief plex or Unknown Etiology,” has always been in a state of flux be- Y.M. Saif cause of the nature of the topics included. Two subchapters of this chapter in the eleventh edition, labeled “Big Liver and Spleen Diseases” and “Hepatitis Splenomegaly,” were recently associ- Associate Editors ated with avian hepatitis E virus infection and moved to Chapter A.M. Fadly 14. In addition, the subchapter on viral proventriculitis was J.R. Glisson moved to this chapter because of the uncertainties of the etiology L.R. McDougald of the disease. The subchapter, “Poult Enteritis and Mortality L.K. Nolan Syndrome,” was combined with the subchapter, “Multicausal D.E. Swayne xix