Effects of economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization on carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from Vietnam

The article aims to explore the causal relationship between economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization in Vietnam between 1987 and 2016 using the VECM. In the short run, it has been empirically found that CO2 emissions have positive effect on GDP, while industry value added, and urban population have negative relationships with GDP. Results also indicated that CO2 emissions and urban population negatively affect industry value added, but an increase of GDP may enhance the industry value added.