GlAl PHAP PHAT TRiiN MOI TRI/ONG MI§N<br />
<br />
NOI<br />
<br />
VONG O 6 N G BAO DAN TOC THI^U S 6 NHAM G 6 P PHAN<br />
THOC DAY TANG<br />
<br />
TRfldNG KINH T^ B^N VONG<br />
Trfing A Dfldng*<br />
<br />
Mien nui Viet Nam chid'm khoang 70%<br />
dien ti'ch dfi't tfl nhien, la dia bfin efl tru cua<br />
dai sd' cac ddng bao dan tgc thieu so'. Mien mii<br />
Ifi dia bfin cd nhiiu tilm nang kinh te vfi ddng<br />
vai trd to ldn ddi vdi mdi trfldng sinh thai cua<br />
Vidt Nam noi chung, ddng thdi c6 vi trf dfic<br />
bidt quan trgng v l quo'c phong an ninh.<br />
Hidn nay, tren dia bfin nfiy p h i n ldn ddng<br />
bao cac dan tgc thidu sd' dang gap rfi't nhieu<br />
khd khan nhfl: thieu Ifldng thflc, trinh do<br />
dan trf thfi'p, ty Id mu chfl cao, cd sd ha t i n g<br />
ye'u kem,... dang Ifi nhflng trd ngai ldn cho<br />
sfl phat tridn. Hoa nhfip vdi sfl phat trien<br />
chung cua ca nadc, nhflng vfi'n de v l sfl dung<br />
khdng hdp ly cac ngudn tai nguyen thien<br />
nhien; dd thi hoa dang dfin tdi sfl mfi't can<br />
bang sinh thai, cha't ladng mdi trfldng bi<br />
anh hadng, d i n de'n dien mao kinh te' - xa<br />
hdi d mien nui, vung ddng bfio dan tdc thieu<br />
sd'chaa thd hidn dadc t a m vdc cua mdt vung<br />
nhieu tiem nfing.<br />
Chinh vi vay, de phat t r i l n b i n vflng vide<br />
bao ve mdi tradng sd'ng la va'n de ra't quan<br />
trgng; trong dd, viec nghien cflu nhflng giai<br />
phap phat tridn mdi tradng mien nui vung<br />
ddng bfio dan tdc thieu sd' d Viet Nam cd y<br />
nghia dac bidt quan trgng.<br />
1. Mot so' vfii'n d e ly l u a n ve m o i trfldng<br />
1.1. Khdi niem mdi<br />
<br />
trUdng<br />
<br />
Theo dinh nghia rdng nhfi't thi mdi<br />
trfldng Ifi tap hdp tfi't ca cac dieu kidn vfi<br />
hien tadng ben ngdfii cd anh hfldng tdi mgt<br />
<br />
vfit t h i hofic mdt sfl ki$n. Ba't efl mdt vfit<br />
t h i , mot sfl kidn nao cung tdn tgi vfi diln<br />
b i l n trong mgt mdi tradng.<br />
Dd'i vdi con ngfldi thi mdi tradng sd'ng la<br />
tong hgp nhflng dieu kidn vat ly, hoa hgc,<br />
sinh hgc, kinh t l , xa hgi bao quanh vfi anh<br />
hadng tdi Bfl sd'ng, sfl p h a t trien cua tflng ca<br />
nhan vfi cua tflng edng ddng ngadi.<br />
Mdi trfldng song ciia con ngfldi cd the<br />
dfldc hieu theo nghia rdng hofic nghia hep<br />
n h a sau:<br />
Theo nghia rdng thi mdi trfldng bao gdm<br />
ca tfii nguyen thien nhien vfi cac nhan tove<br />
cha't Ifldng cua mdi trfldng dd'i vdi sfle khoe<br />
va tidn nghi sinh sd'ng ciia con ngadi.<br />
Theo nghia hep thi mdi trfldng gdm cac<br />
nhan to' ve chfi't Ifldng cua mdi trfldng ddi vdi<br />
sfle khoe va tien nghi sinh sd'ng cua con ngfldi,<br />
ggi tfit Ifi cha't Ifldng mdi trfldng. Cac nhfin to<br />
dd thfldng la khdng khi, nadc, am thanh, anh<br />
sfing, bflc xa, canh quan, t h i m my, dao dflc,<br />
quan he chfnh tri xa hdi tai dia bfin sinh song<br />
va Ifim viec cua con ngadi. Cdn theo Luat bao<br />
vd mdi trfldng eua Viet Nam thi "Mdi trfldng<br />
bao gdm cae yd'u td' t a nhien va vat chfi't nhfin<br />
tgo bao quanh con ngadi, c6 anh hadng den<br />
ddi sd'ng, san xufi't, sfl ton tai, phat trien cua<br />
con ngadi va sinh vfit".<br />
1.2. Mgt sd chUc ndng<br />
moi trudng<br />
<br />
chu ye'u cua<br />
<br />
Mdi trUdng la khong gian sinh sd'ng cko<br />
con ngudi vd sinh vat.<br />
<br />
* Trang A DiiOng, Thac si, Pho Giam d6'c Ban Quan ly dii an Dien mat trdi - Uy ban Dan toe.<br />
<br />
E 3 OUAN LY KINH TE<br />
<br />
Sfii 48 (7+8/2012)<br />
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GlAl PHAP PHAT T R I ^ N MOi TRUONG MI^N NUI...<br />
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Trong cudc song hfing ngay, ehung ta d i u<br />
e i n mdt khdng gian nha't dinh d l phuc vu<br />
cho eae hogt ddng thie't yd'u nha: n h a d, ndi<br />
nghi ngdi, da't d l san xua't ndng nghiep, Ifim<br />
nghiep, thuy san, kho tfing be'n cang,... Ydu<br />
cau v l khdng gian sd'ng cua con ngfldi thay<br />
dd'i theo trinh do khoa hgc, cdng nghe. Trinh<br />
do phat t r i l n cfing cao thi nhu c i u v l khdng<br />
gian san xua't se cfing giam. Tuy nhien, mdi<br />
tradng ludn Ifi ndi cung cfi'p mat bang va nen<br />
mdng cho cfic dd thi, khu cdng nghidp, kie'n<br />
true hg t i n g cho dd thi vfi nong thdn,...<br />
Mdi trUdng Id ncfi chda dUng cdc ngudn<br />
tdi nguyen cdn thii't cko ddi sd'ng vd sdn<br />
xudt cua con ngUdi.<br />
Vdi sfl hd trd cua eac he thd'ng sinh thai,<br />
con ngfldi dfi Ifi'y tfl tfl nhien nhflng ngudn<br />
tai nguyen thidn nhidn c i n thie't phuc vu<br />
chd vide san xufi't ra cua cai vfit chfi't nhfim<br />
dap flng nhu cau cua minh. Thien nhidn Ifi<br />
ngudn cung ca'p mgi tai nguyen c i n thiet.<br />
N6 cung ca'p ngudn vat lieu, nfing Ifldng,<br />
thdng tin c i n thid't cho cac hoat dgng sinh<br />
sd'ng, san xufi't vfi quan ly cua con ngfldi.<br />
Rflng ta nhien cung cfi'p nadc, bao tdn tinh<br />
da dgng sinh hge vfi do phi cua da't, cung cfi'p<br />
gd, dfldc hdu vfi cai thien dieu kien sinh<br />
thai; Thuy ldi cung c^p nadc, dinh daSng,<br />
cac ngudn thuy hai san; ddng thflc vat cung<br />
ca'p Ifldng thflc, thflc p h i m va cac ngudn gen<br />
quy hiim.<br />
Khdng khi, nhiet dd, nang Ifldng mat trdi,<br />
gid, nfldc,... de con ngfldi hit thd, la mdi<br />
trfldng de cay cd'i r a hoa k i t qua; cac loai<br />
khoang san, d i u md cung cfi'p nang Ifldng vfi<br />
nguyen lidu chd cac hoat ddng san xufi't<br />
cdng, ndng nghiep.<br />
Moi trUdng Id ndi chUa dUng cdc chdt phi<br />
thdi do con ngUdi tgo ra trong cudc sd'ng vd<br />
hogt ddng sdn xudt.<br />
<br />
Sir 48 (7+8/2012)<br />
<br />
NGHllH Cflu TRAP Ptfi f j ^ ^<br />
Trong qua trinh san xufi't va tieu dung<br />
cua cai vfit chfi't, con ngadi ludn dao thai vao<br />
mdi trfldng cac cha't thai. Sfl gia tang dan so'<br />
qua nhanh, qua trinh dd thi hofi, cdng<br />
nghidp hoa ngay cfing Ifim cho khd'i ladng<br />
cac chfi't thai tang Ieh khong ngflng, nhiiu<br />
ndi qua tai gay d nhidm mdi trUdng nghiem<br />
trgng.<br />
Mdi trudng Id ndi lUu trU ud cung cap<br />
thdng tin cho con ngUdi.<br />
Qua cac hoa thgch, bfio tfl phfi'n hoa va<br />
cac vdt tich cua qua trinh tien hoa trong tfl<br />
nhien ma mdi trfldng cdn Iflu gifl lai, dfi<br />
cung cfi'p cho chung sfl ghi chdp va Iflu trfl<br />
lich sil dia chfi't, lich sfl tid'n hoa cua vfit cha't<br />
va sinh v9,t, lich sfl xufi't hidn va phat trien<br />
van hoa cua lofii ngadi; ddng thdi cung cfi'p<br />
cac chl thi khdng gian vfi tam thdi mang<br />
tinh chfi't tin hieu vfi bao dgng sdm cac hidm<br />
hoa ddi vdi con ngadi. Mdi tradng lau trfl vfi<br />
cung cfi'p cho con ngadi sfl da dang cac<br />
ngudn gen, cac lofii ddng thflc vat, cac he<br />
sinh thai tfl nhidn, cac canh quan tfl nhien<br />
vfi n h a n tgo co gia tri t h i m my de con ngadi<br />
chiem ngadng vfi thfldng ngogn.<br />
<br />
1.3. Mdu thudn giua moi trudng vd<br />
phdt trien<br />
Phat t r i l n la qua trtnh nang cao dieu kidn<br />
sd'ng v l vat cha't va tinh than cua con ngfldi<br />
bfing vide phat trien Iflc ladng san xufi't, thay<br />
ddi quan hd san xua't, quan hd xa hdi, nang<br />
cao cha't ladng hoat ddng vfin hoa. Phfit tridn<br />
la xu the tfl nhidn cua mdi ca nhan con ngadi<br />
hoac cgng ddng ngadi. Dd'i vdi mdi qud'c gia,<br />
qua trinh phat triln phai nh^m dat tdi mdt<br />
muc tieu nha't dinh, tieu bilu cho mfle sd'ng<br />
vat chfi't vfi tinh than cua ngfldi dan trong<br />
qud'c gia dd. Cac muc tidu phat triln thfldng<br />
dadc cu t h i hda hfing nhflng chi tieu v l ddi<br />
Sdng vfit cha't nhfl ladng thflc, nha d, nang<br />
ladng, vat hdu, dilu kidn sfle' khoe, va ddi<br />
sd'ng tinh than nhfl giad due,...<br />
<br />
OUAN LY KINH T£ E D<br />
<br />
l O T l HfiHifeN cflu TBAO Blil<br />
<br />
GlAl PHAP PHAT T R I ^ N MOI TRl/ONG MjgN NOI...<br />
<br />
Mdi trfldng vfi p h a t t r i l n cd md'i quan hg nadc tren t h i gidi, nha^t Ifi cac nadc dang<br />
ra't chat che. Mdi trfldng Ifi dia bfin vfi dd'i phfit t r i l n Ifi cac muc tidu v l phat trien kinh<br />
tfldng cua phat t r i l n . Dd'i vdi mdi vung cu td' - xa hdi va bao vd mdi trfldng phai dfldc<br />
the cua dfi't nadc hofic trong phgm vi ca nfldc gfin bd vdi n h a u trong xay dflng muc tieu,<br />
ludn tdn tai ddng thdi hai hd thd'ng dd \k: hd xae dinh c h i i n \\igc, k l hogch hoa cung nhfl<br />
thd'ng kinh t l<br />
xa hdi vfi hd thd'ng mdi d i l u hfinh vfi quan ly thflc hidn. Ve phfldng<br />
didn nay t h i hi$n nay mdi trfldng mien nui,<br />
tradng.<br />
vflng ddng bfid dan tdc thieu sd d Vidt Nam<br />
He thd'ng kinh te - xa hdi dfl^c cfi'u thfinh thflc sfl da vfi dang bi suy thoai do vide khai<br />
bdi cac thfinh p h i n s a n xufi't, Iflu thdng, thac tfii nguyen thidn nhien mdt each bfla<br />
phfin phd'i, tieu dflng va tich luy, tao ndn bai nhfl: n a n p h a rflng, dfi't dai hi xdi mdn,<br />
mdt ddng nguyen lidu, nang Ifldng, che thoai hoa,... Mdi trfldng m i l n nui, vung dong<br />
p h i m hfing hoa, p h i thai, Iflu thdng gifla cac bfio dSn tdc t h i l u sd' d Vidt Nam khdng cdn<br />
p h i n tfl cfi'u t h a n h he thd'ng.<br />
kha nfing cung cfi'p du cho con ngfldi nhflng<br />
He thd'ng mdi trfldng vdi eae thanh p h i n tai nguydn c i n thiet d l duy t r i cudc sd'ng va<br />
mdi tradng tfl nhien va mdi tradng xa hdi. hoat ddng.<br />
Khu vflc giao thoa gifla h a i he thd'ng tao<br />
2. Thi^c t r a n g m d i t r i f d n g m i e n n u i<br />
thanh mdi tradng n h a n tao. Khu vflc giao<br />
v u n g d d n g b a o d a n t o e thie'u so' d Viet<br />
thoa nfiy thd hidn tfi't ca cac md'i quan hd<br />
Nam hien nay<br />
gifla phat trien vfi mdi trfldng.<br />
<br />
2.1. Diim mgnh, lgi the cua mien nui<br />
vung ddng bdo ddn tgc thieu so'<br />
<br />
Mdi tradng thien nhien cung ca'p tai<br />
nguyen eho he tho'ng kinh t l , ddng thdi tie'p<br />
n h a n cha't thai tfl he thd'ng kinh td'. Chfi't<br />
thai nay eo thd d lai h a n trong mdi tradng<br />
thien nhien, hoac qua chd' bid'n rdi trd v l lgi<br />
he thd'ng kinh td'. Mgt hoat ddng kinh td' mfi<br />
cha't phe thai khong the sfl dung trd lgi dadc<br />
vfio he thd'ng kinh te, dfldc xem la hogt ddng<br />
gay ton hgi den mdi tradng. Viec lang phf<br />
tfii nguyen khdng t a i tao dadc n h a than da,<br />
d i u md, khoang san,... hoac viec sfl dung tfii<br />
nguyen tai tao dadc n h a cac san p h i m lam<br />
nghiep, thuy san,... mdt each qua mfle khid'n<br />
cho no khdng t h e h l i phuc dadc, hoae h l i<br />
phuc sau mdt thdi gian qua dai, Ifi nhflng<br />
hogt ddng td'n hgi dd'n mdi trfldng. Cac hoat<br />
ddng phat tridn ludn ed h a i mat ldi va hgi.<br />
Ban than thien nhidn cung ed h a i mat.<br />
Thidn nhien la ngudn tai nguyen va phuc ldi<br />
dd'i vdi con ngfldi, nhflng ddng thdi cung la<br />
nguon thien tai, h i i m hog dd'i vdi ddi sd'ng<br />
va san xufi't eua con ngadi.<br />
<br />
Theo so' heu thd'ng kd thd Viet Nam hien<br />
cd khoang 9,42 trieu h a dfi't ndng nghidp vfi<br />
n h i i u loai da't dfldc xem la td't nhfl dfi't do ba<br />
zan, dfi't n a u dd da vdi,... Mdt so' vung dfi't<br />
ndng nghiep, lam nghidp t a p trung hang<br />
tridu hdc ta, dia h i n h bang phang cho phdp<br />
to' chflc nhflng vung kinh td' ndng - lam edng nghidp tfip t r u n g nhfl Tay Nguyen va<br />
mdt sd'vflng p h u can Tay Nguyen.<br />
<br />
Mdt d i l u h i l n nhidn dd'i vdi tfi't ca eae<br />
<br />
Do dinh ca Ifiu ddi d mien nui, dong bao<br />
<br />
EOI OUAN Lt KINH TE<br />
<br />
Ve phfldng didn phat tridn ndng • lam<br />
nghiep, m i l n nui, vung ddng bfio dan tgc<br />
t h i l u sd' d Viet Nam co nhflng diem mgnh,<br />
ldi thd' so s a n h nhfl sau:<br />
<br />
Khi h a u d m i l n n u i Vidt Nam Ifi ra't khac<br />
nhau, n h a n g nhin chung la t h u a n ldi, fim<br />
mat, v l m u a ddng cd nhiet dd tha'p, cd thd<br />
gieo trdng dfldc nhieu logi cfiy trdng cd<br />
ngudn gdc dn ddi va gia t r i kinh te' eao nhfl<br />
mdt sd'loai r a u xanh, dadc lieu, lua,...<br />
<br />
Sfii 48 (7+8/2012)<br />
<br />
GlAl PHAP PHAT TRI^N MOI T R I / O N G MISN N<br />
<br />
NGHIEN cuu TRAU<br />
<br />
cac dfin tdc thieu so' co t r u y i n tho'ng dofin<br />
kd't, tadng trd n h a u cung xay dflng cudc<br />
sd'ng. Qua nhieu thd' he, ho da due rut dadc<br />
nhieu kinh nghidm trong san xufi't, canh tfic,<br />
bid't tan dung ngudn tfii nguyen thien nhien,<br />
khfic phuc dadc n h i i u h a n che v l dia hinh,<br />
nhieu kinh nghiem canh tac tren dfi't dd'c,<br />
kinh nghidm luan canh, xen canh, goi V\L....<br />
vk lam ndng - lam k i t hdp cd gia Lri khoa<br />
hgc va gia tri thflc tidn cao.<br />
2.2. Nhdng hgn<br />
cua mien nui<br />
<br />
che, bdt lgi chu<br />
<br />
ye'u<br />
<br />
Dia hinh chia cat lam cho dfi't canh tfic<br />
phan tan, m a n h m u n khdng bfing phang,<br />
khid'n eho viec fip dung ky thufit tien tien<br />
vfio canh tac, san xua't, nhfi't la vide cd gidi<br />
hoa gap nhieu kho khfin. Ngay tren mdt dia<br />
bfin, nhang chd' do canh tac cung khac nhau,<br />
anh hadng khdng nhd den kd't qua san xufi't<br />
"tren mgt sadn dd'c vung Phong Thd' (Lai<br />
Chdu), ngadi ta da xay dflng tdi hdn 400 bac<br />
thang rugng, va n h a the', sfldn dd'c phai chia<br />
lam 3 phan: dinh, gifla va chfin dd'c, mdi<br />
phan CO mdt thdi vu, mgt mat do ca'y rieng,<br />
khdng phu thudc vao nhau, ngadi dan dia<br />
phadng ggi la " Cao san cu "; " Trung san cu<br />
" va " Ti san cu ", n h i m I l n se Ifim mfi't mua<br />
hofic it ra Ifi giam thu hoach (Li Van Khoa<br />
(1997, tr 41)).<br />
Theo bfio cao cua Cue Kiem Ifim thudc Bd<br />
Ndng nghidp vfi P h a t t r i l n ndng thdn, td'ng<br />
dien tich tflng trong ca nfldc khoang 10,9<br />
tridu ha; ty Id rflng trdn dau ngfldi thfi'p<br />
nha't tren the' gidi mdi chi dat 0,14ha/ngadi<br />
(thi gidi Id 0,97haIngUdi) them vae dd do<br />
ehe phu dfi't vfi tang da't m a t trong nhflng<br />
nfim g i n day eung bi tha hoa t r i m trgng<br />
rflng mfi't d i n dd'n dfi't bi xdi mdn, lu lut, han<br />
han vfi lam cho da't dai ngfiy cang trd nen<br />
trd'ng, trge, mdi trfldng tfl nhidn hi tfin pha,<br />
can bang sinh thai bi dao ldn.<br />
Cd sd h a t a n g yd'u kdm hdn so vdi m i l n<br />
<br />
Sfli48 (7+8/2012)<br />
<br />
«6>rmi<br />
<br />
xudi, mfle do vo'n d i u tfl vd'n da thfi'p, nhflng<br />
cdng trinh da co xud'ng cfi'p, giao thdng di lai<br />
khd khfin, hidn tadng lu qudt x;iy ra ngay<br />
cang n h i i u vdi cfldng dd manh liet d i n den<br />
tan pha khdng ehi mua mfing, tfii san,<br />
nhflng cdng trinh giao thdng, thuy ldi mfi<br />
con cadp dl nhieu sinh mang con ngadi nhfi't<br />
la trong m&'y n&m g i n day.<br />
2.3. Thuc trgng mdi trudng mien nui,<br />
vdng ddng bdo ddn tgc thieu sd d Viet<br />
Nam hien nay<br />
2.3.1 RUng bi suy thodi tdi phd<br />
Ndi de'n moi tradng, trfldc he't Ifi ndi de'n<br />
didn tieh rflng vfi mat do ehe phu cua tham<br />
thifc vfit va day cung Ifi thadc do de danh gifi<br />
mfle do an toan sinh thai cua mdt Quo'c gia.<br />
Hidn nay d Viet Nam co tong didn tich rflng<br />
la 13.118.773 ha, trong d6 rflng tfl nhidn la<br />
10.348.591 ha va rflng trong la 2.770.182<br />
ha. Rflng Vidt Nam dang bi suy thoai<br />
nghiem trgng, hang nam cd hang trfim ha<br />
rflng bi tfin pha va chung ta cung dang ganh<br />
chiu nhflng hfiu qua ma minh gay ra dd'i vdi<br />
rflng. Theo thd'ng ke cua Cue kilm lam vfio<br />
12/2009: Viet Nam efl 4145,74 ha rflng bi<br />
tfin pha. Rflng bi chat pha trade tien Ifi de<br />
Ifi'y da't trdng cay cdng nghidp, nudi thuy<br />
san, xay dflng, cho muc dich ndng nghiep<br />
nha; trdng ca phe, trdng eao su va phfit trien<br />
trdng nhflng cay ladng thflc, cdng nghidp<br />
khac, hay pha rflng d l lam cac khu du lich,<br />
vui chdi, giai tri,... Theo cfic nha chuyen<br />
mdn da bao dd'n n a m 2020 ca nadc se cd<br />
40% rflng cdn lgi bi t a n p h a .<br />
Vdi khu vflc mien nui phfa Bfic va Tay<br />
Nguydn dadc xem Ifi cd tilm nang rflng ldn<br />
nhfi't cua Vidt Nam. Tuy nhidn, trong nhflng<br />
nam gan day, chieu hfldng pha rflng lam<br />
nadng rfiy ngfiy cfing tfing. Dieu la lung la<br />
riing d khdi nui thadng ngudn sdng Chay (Ldo<br />
Cai) tuy hiem trd nhang didn tfch cdn rfi't it.<br />
2.3.2 Suy gidm tdi nguyin<br />
<br />
ddt<br />
<br />
OUAN Lt KINH T£ E S<br />
<br />
f'lJiiliiHfiHlfeN cflu TBAO Bfll<br />
Tac ddng Liou cflc cua con ngadi d che do<br />
canh tac n h a dot pha rflng bfla bai, Ifim<br />
nadng rfiy du canh, ke ca c h l do trdng cay<br />
Iddng thflc vfi cay cdng nghidp ngfin ngfiy da<br />
gay ra khdng it tai hai cho vi^c tfin pha dfi't<br />
dai, khid'n cho tfii nguydn rflng hi suy giam<br />
nghiem trgng. "d Viet Nam do hdu qUii ciia<br />
viec chat pha rflng, dot rflng bfla bai, sfl<br />
dung da't khdng ben vflng qua n h i i u thd hd<br />
nen da't bi thoai hoa nghiem trgng, nhiiu<br />
ndi mfi't kha nang san xua't va xu hfldng<br />
hoang mgc hoa ngfiy cang phfit triln, nhfi't<br />
Ifi d cac da't trd'ng ddi trge "(Le Vdn Khoa,<br />
Nguyin Nggc Sinh, (2000. tr 114)). Hign<br />
tfldng xdi mdn, huy hogi dat xay ra nghiem<br />
trgng hdn ca la d cac vung ddi nui va eao<br />
nguyen nhfl Tay Bfic, Ddng Bfic, dai nui<br />
miln Trung vfi Tay Nguyen; nhflng vung<br />
nay ngoai vide phai chiu trflc tiep hau qua<br />
cua vide tfin pha ldp phu thfle vfit rflng, cac<br />
dilu kien chung cua chd' do tfl nhien, cdn c6<br />
mdt so' dieu kidn t h u a n ldi cho xdi mdn n h a<br />
dia hinh cao, dd'c, hi chia cfit manh, trong dd<br />
cd nhiiu sUdn dd'c tdi 25 - 30 do, Ifi nhflng<br />
ye'u td' tfl nhien thue day cho vide rfla trdi<br />
ldp da't mau canh tac d ben tren de trd lgi da<br />
gd'c, khdng cd kha nang trdng ca'y.<br />
De'n nay, Viet Nam vfin chfla co each nao<br />
ngan chan dadc qua trinh dai khi h a u nhfl<br />
ngfin chan khdng eho gid mua Ddng Nam<br />
fim adt luon vfio cac thung lung va mang<br />
de'n nhflng cdn mfla gay n h i i u lu lut, nhflng<br />
chung ta co the hgn chd' mdt p h i n rfi't ldn<br />
tac hai do chung gay r a bfing each bao ve ldp<br />
phu thflc vfit rflng, tfl dd d i l u tid't dfldc ehe<br />
dd nadc sdng, ngan chan nan xdi mdn tren<br />
cac ddi nui. Do dd, de bao ve vfi ngfin chgn<br />
sfl suy giam tai nguyen da't, c i n khai thac<br />
rflng ndi rieng vfi cac tfii nguyen thien nhien<br />
khac mgt each hdp ly.<br />
2.3.3 Suy gidm tdi nguyin nUdc<br />
Khi ldp phu thflc vfit bi tfin pha, dfi't<br />
<br />
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<br />
khdng chi bi xdi mdn, Ifim thay dd'i cae tinh<br />
cha't v§t ly va hoa hoc mfi cdn gfiy ra hfing<br />
loat hfiu qua dd'i vdi mdi tradng sd'ng. Dfi't bi<br />
rfla trdi, d nhiem nadc vfi nong do tap ch^t<br />
ldn, tinh chfi't hoa hgc cua nadc thay dd'i.<br />
Mat khac, vdi Ifldng bfln, cat tfch tu theo cac<br />
sdng, sud'i chay v l Ifing dgng lgi trong cac hd<br />
chfla, bdi Ifi'p trfldc cac cac dap dang, cac ctia<br />
la'y nfldc vao cac hd thd'ng thuy ndng vung<br />
ha Iflu, iam anh hfldng den sfl vfin hfinh vfi<br />
thfim chi Ifim td li^t hogt ddng cua nhieu<br />
cdng trinh. Dfic bidt vfio mua khd, nhflng ndi<br />
mfi't rflng trd nen r a t khfie nghiet, eae suoi<br />
khd egn, nan thieu nfldc trd ndn t r i m trgng,<br />
cd vung n g a dfin phai di hfing chuc cfiy sd'de<br />
Ifi'y nadc sinh hogt nhfl vung Luc Khu d Cao<br />
Bfing, vung Ddng Vfin, Meo Vgc d Ha<br />
Giang,... Tinh t r a n g khan hiem nadc cfing<br />
trd ndn nghidm trgng d Tfiy Nguydn, ndi cd 6<br />
thang mua mfla vfi 6 t h a n g mua khd. Nhflng<br />
nam g i n day, do phfit trien khong can ddi<br />
cac loai cay cdng nghidp d vung nfiy, dfin den<br />
tinh trgng k h a i thfic ngudn nadc ngam de<br />
tadi bfla bai, Ifim eho ngudn nadc mat bi can<br />
kidt, tut mfle nfldc n g i m .<br />
2.3.4 Suy thodi da dgng sinh hgc<br />
Ckc hd sinh thai vung doi nui thay doi tfl<br />
rflng mfla nhiet ddi den cac ddng cd gid mua,<br />
cac trang cay bui da cho Viet Nam mdt tai<br />
nguyen ddng thflc vat phong phu n h a cac<br />
lofii chim, thfl, ca, cung ca'p mdt ngudn gien<br />
da dang cho nudi t r l n g . Cho dd'n nay nhiiu<br />
loai thflc vat bac eao cd h a t dung Ifim nguon<br />
ladng thflc, thflc pham, lam thud'c chfla<br />
bdnh, thfle fin gia siic, Ifi'y go, tinh dau va<br />
nhieu nguydn lidu khac de'n nay da mfi't dan.<br />
Theo dfinh gia ciia cac nha nghien cflu thi<br />
nhieu loai ddng vfit va thflc vat d Viet Nam<br />
dang giam s u t n h a n h chdng, ben canh viec<br />
ma't ndi efl tru do rflng hi tfin pha, ngudn<br />
nfldc bi egn kidt v l Ifldng va cha't, cdn cd<br />
nguyen n h a n do ngn san bfin, budn ban bfla<br />
bai, da tieu diet nhieu lofii, t h a m chi cd lofii<br />
<br />
Stf 48 (7+8/2012)<br />
<br />
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