Giải pháp ứng dụng năng lượng thủy triều để sản xuất điện năng cung cấp cho dân cư trên các vùng đảo thuộc tỉnh Quảng Ninh

fuyen tap Cdng trinh Hpi nghi Khoa hoc<br /> Off hpc Thiiy khi Todn quoc, Phan Thiit, 2008 279<br /> <br /> <br /> Giai phap u-ng dung nang iu-ong thuy trieu de san xuat<br /> dien nang cung cap cho dan cu' tren cac viing dao<br /> thuoc tinh Quang Ninh<br /> Le Danh Lien, V6 Sy Huynh<br /> Trudng Dai hoc Bdch khoa Hd ndi<br /> <br /> <br /> Tdm tdt: Trong bdi ndy gidi thieu tiem ndng vd khd ndng irng diing ndng hrong thiiv<br /> tricu tgi cdc vitng dao tinh Quang Ninh. cdc gidi phdp cdng trinh Irgm vd thict bi irng<br /> dung de sdn .xudt dien ndng<br /> <br /> Ndng lugng thuy trieu la mat ngudn ndng lirgng tgi chd, doi ddo khong bao gid cgn<br /> kiet, la mot ngudn ndng lirgng sach khdng gdy d nhiem mdi trirdng cdn dugc khai thdc<br /> irng dung phuc vu sdn xudt vd ddi sdng cua cu ddn tren cdc vimg dao.<br /> <br /> Sea tidal energy, a possible way to produce electrical power<br /> for people living in Quang Ninh archipelago<br /> Abstract: The paper presents a potential application of sea tide In Quang Ninh<br /> archipelago to produce electrical power. The configuration of power house structure<br /> as well as type of equipment has also been proposed.<br /> Tidal energy Is a clear, enviroment friendly and inexosted source, it is therefore, must<br /> be used to generate electrical power for the Quang Ninh archlpellago inhabitants.<br /> <br /> \. Dieu kien tu- nhien, xa hoi va tinh hinh cung cap dien phuc vu san xuat va<br /> doi song tai cac vung dao<br /> Qudng Ninh la mgt tinh mien niii - duycn hai nam d phia Ddng Bac td qudc, 80% ddt<br /> dai la ddi nui. Quang Ninh cd viing bd bien dai (tren 250 km bd biert). ngodi khoi cd nhieu<br /> ddo (gan 2000 hdn ddo) tao thdnh mgt qudn thi, noi cd nhieu ddn cu sinh sdng vd cdc chien<br /> si bien phdng ngay dem lam nhieni vu bdo ve td qudc.<br /> Ddn cu tai cdc viing huycn ddo (Van Don va Cd Td) cugc song con rat nhieu khd<br /> khdn. ddc biet la ngudn dicn phuc vy sinh boat vd ddi sdng cdn rdt thieu tbdn.<br /> Huyen ddo Van Ddn bao gom mgt day ddo chay ddi suit ven bicn, d ddy nude sdu,<br /> ddng rdng, ibuyin be di lai dc ddng thuan lgi, Huycn ddo Vdn Ddn gdm 600 bdn ddo, dicn<br /> tich 58,4km', chia thdnh hai qudn ddo la Vdn Hai va Cai Bdu.<br /> Dan sd Van Don cd 23.000 ngudi, phan bd tren 20 hdn dao Idn nhd. Dan cu sinh sdng<br /> bdng nghi ddnh cd, khai thac cdc loai hai sdn, budn bdn vd trdng irgt. Trdng trgt chi chicni<br /> mgt ty trgng rdt nhd, chu yeu la khai thdc hdi sdn.<br /> Cac xa ddo cd dien tich rgng vd dan cu tuong ddi ddng due la cdc xa dao Nggc Virng,<br /> Minh Chau, Qudn Lan. Tai cdc xa nay, mac dii dilu kien ty nhien cd rdt nhieu thuan lgi dc<br /> phat triln, cd thi ddy manh khai thdc hdi sdn, budn bdn vd du lich. Nhung hien tai d cdc x_a<br /> ddo nay chua cd nguon dicn In dinh, cong sudt chua dii diing, nen kinh le phdt trien cdn rat<br /> han che.<br />  Gidi phdp ung dung ndng luang thuy tridu de sdn xudt dien ndng<br /> 2^0 cung cdp cho ddn eu tren cdc vans ddo thudc tfnh Oudnv Minjj<br /> Huyen dao Co Td each thdnfi phd H^ Long khoang 200 km vl phia Ddng, cd dien ti'ch<br /> ty nhien 48,2 km^ Cd Td cd dia hinh ddi niii, phdn giua cac dao dIu cao, vdy quanh la<br /> nhiing ddi nui thap vd nhung cdnh dong hep. Ven ddo la nhiing bai cat nhd va vinh nhd. Co<br /> Td cd khi hdu nhiet ddi gid miia, nhu khi hau chung trong cd nude. Nhiet do d day binh<br /> qudn 22,5 do.<br /> <br /> Hien tai de cd dien ngudi dan phai su dyng may phat dien diezel. Theo cdc sd lieu<br /> khao sat ndm 2006 - 2007, ngudi dan cdc xa ddo Quan Lan, Minh Clidu, Nggc Virng phdi<br /> mua dien vdi gia tir 7.000 din 8.000d/lkWh dien. Han nira thai gian dugc cung cdp dien<br /> chi lu 18h den 21 h. Ngudn dicn nay do cdc chu lu nhan tren ddo dau tu ban dien.<br /> <br /> Mdt sd rat it ho gia dinh dugc su dung ngudn ndng lugng mat trdi do cae du dn thu<br /> nghiem ciia cdc Trung tdm va Vien Nghien ciru vdi su ho trg ciia Nha nude vd nude ngoai<br /> thyc hien.<br /> <br /> Pin ndng lugng mat trdi su dung tuang ddi thuan ticn nhung gia thanh rat cao, ngudi<br /> dan khdng the ty ddu tu sir dyng. Hon nira vl mua ddng vd miia xudn ndng it hieu'qud sii<br /> dyng khdng cao.<br /> <br /> Tai cdc viing ddo xa xdi ndy, de cung cdp dien cho ngudi ddn cdn phdi sir dune cac<br /> nguon nang lugng tai chd - cdc ngudn ndng lugng mdi va tdi sinh. Dd la cac nguIn ndng •<br /> lugng mat trdi, ndng lugng gid va nang lugng thuy trilu.<br /> <br /> Ngudn nang lugng mat trdi nhu tren da ndi, ed dilu kicn thuan lai d l thuc thi nhung )<br /> cung CO cac ban cbc. Su dung nang lugng gid dl phat dien cung cdp cho ddn cu tai ddy lai '^<br /> cang kho khan ban, do dicu kicn van tdc gid thdp, lai khdng dIu vd khdng thudng xuyen, •<br /> gia thanh thiet bi cung rdt cao va ddi hdi phdi cd trinh do ky thuat tuang ddi khd ndm bdt ''<br /> dugc cac yeu cdu ky thudt trong van hanh khai thdc, thi mdi cd hieu qud cao. |<br /> <br /> Ndng luang thuy dien nho tren cdc dao, do khdng cd cdc ddng sdng, sudi cd luu vuc I<br /> du rgng,^ncn khdng cd khd ndng thyc hicn. Vi vay chi cdn ngudn ndng luang thuy trilu la '•<br /> mgt nguon nang lugng tiem nang ddy triln vgng.<br /> <br /> Ncu ket hgp dugc vice nudi trdng hai sdn vdi vice chay may phat dien thuy trilu se I<br /> mang lai hieu qud kmh te cao, do tan dyng dugc co sd ha tdng d l xay dung nhd tram. I<br /> <br /> 2. Dac d i l m thuy trieu va ti^m nang ung dung dien thuy tri^u<br /> <br /> 2.1. Dac diem thuy triiu ven bien Viet Nam<br /> <br /> chi Ht^ ' ' ' ° ^^ ^'"'".t^' ''•'" ^^^^ ^"^ "^' ^'^ '^'"'^ ^^^^ t^P kea dai tren 14 vT do, nen<br /> vinh Rdc R ' "", " ' ' " ' u '^^ ^• "^ ' ^ P'^^'^ ^^P- C^ "'^^"g ^""g "hSt trilu nhu ven biln<br /> T1 m l Nam<br /> rung Nam RBg ! " va' vVmhuTu ' ? Lan,<br /> Thai ^ ""T "''^^''''''<br /> bicn do trilu ^^<br /> 0,5bu^ "4m.<br /> "^^^ ^'•*^" khdng dIu nhu vimg biln<br /> <br /> <br /> ngdv J g m ^ t h u l ' r - ' ' " ^ ' ' " 7^". '" * ^ -^'^" ^^^ ^ " '^' ^^"S dao ddng. Cd nai trong mgt<br /> n S C a v d6m^b " i ' ° "'' " f'^ ? '' ' ^ "^^^' "^^^ '^" ^^' ^^ sd nhd nhdt. Cung ed nai<br /> tha L L / t r S , I ' i , " l " ' ' ^"'^ ^ . ^ - ^ ' ' ' '' ^^"' h ^ ' ' ' - d^t tri sd nhd va cd nai trong mot<br /> thang thuy tneu la, the bic?n a ca hai loai tren vdi nhirng cao do khdc nhau.<br /> <br /> nd c d ^ n l S . l " " ^ "•"^^"''^'J P ' ' ^ ' "^ " ' " "^^^ d'^'^ ^"^ ^ ° " "g^^i ^^ han chi mat tac hai cua<br /> no, can phai hieu va nam chac quy luat dien bien cua thuy trilu. ' ' "<br />  Danh Lien. Vd Sv Huynh 281<br /> <br /> Bang 1 gidi thieu myc nude thuy tric:m Idn nhdt trong nhilu ndm tai mdt so khu vyc<br /> ven biln Viet Nam. Tir bang I ta nhan thay, thuy trieu d Viet Nam cd ddy dii cac ddc diem,<br /> chl do va cac dang tricu.<br /> ' Chdng ban, tai Cua Ong, Hdng Gai, Hdi Phong la chl do nhdt trilu dIu, d Thanh Hod,<br /> Cira Hdi, Rdn la chl do nhdt trieu khdng dIu, cdn d Cua Ranh, Cira Tiing, Dd Ndng la ban<br /> nhdt trieu khdng deu. d Ha Tien lai la trieu hdn hgp.<br /> <br /> Do cao thuy trieu d ven bien nude ta cung bien dgng theo vl do vd dia ly tirng viing.<br /> Tai Cira Ong bien do tricu dat tdi 4,7ni, tai Hdng Gai - 4,3ni, Hdi Phong - 4,0m. Trong khi<br /> do tai Cira Ranh bien do trieu chi dat 2,1m , Cua Tiing - 1,4m, Da ndng - 1,6m, Quy Nhan<br /> -2,3in, Hd Tien - I,7ni. Song tai Viing Tau bien do trieu lai dai tdi 4,2m.<br /> Nhin chung, do cao thuy tricu dat tri sd Idn nhdt d Vinh Bac Bg. Ddng thdi che do<br /> trieu d khu vyc nay Id nhdt tricu thudn nhdt, hdu hct sd ngdy trong thang, tren dudi 26 ngay,<br /> chi CO mdt Idn nude Idn va mdt lan nude rdng.<br /> Bdng 1. Mirc nu&c thuy trieu l&n nhdt trong nhieu ndm tgi mdt sd khu vuc ven bien Viet<br /> Nam<br /> <br /> Tri sd Idn nhdt trong nhieu<br /> Dia phuang Che do trieu<br /> ndm (m)<br /> <br /> Cira Ong Nhdt trieu deu 4,7<br /> <br /> Hdng Gai Nhdt tricu dcu 4,3<br /> Hdi Phdng Nhdt tricu dcu 4,0<br /> <br /> Thanh Hod Nhdt trieu khdng deu 3,8<br /> <br /> Cira Hdi Nhdt tricu khdng deu 3,2<br /> <br /> Rdn Nhdt trieu khdng deu .3,2<br /> <br /> Cira Ranh Ban nhat trieu khdng deu 2,1<br /> <br /> Cira Tung Bdn nhat tricu khdng dcu 1,4<br /> <br /> Da Nang Ban nhdt tricu khdng deu 1,6<br /> <br /> Qui Nhon Nhdt trieu khdng deu 2,3<br /> <br /> Vung Tau Ban nhdt trieu khdng deu 4,2<br /> <br /> Ha Tien Trieu hdn hcrp 1,7<br /> <br /> 2.2. Ddc diem thuy trieu vd cdc bdi trieu tinh Qudng Ninh<br /> Thuy trilu ven biln tinh Qudng Ninh cd chl do nhdt trieu thudn nhdt, Theo "Bdng<br /> thuy trilu" do Trung tam Kbi tugng Thuy vdn Biln dn hanh tir 1998 den 2007 thi bien^dg<br /> trilu tai vimg ven biln Qudng Ninh la kha Idn, Myc nude thuy trieu trung binh tai Hong<br /> Gai la 2,06m . Hdu hit so ngay trong thdng, tren dudi 25 ngay, mdi ngdy chi cd mgt lan<br /> nude Idn vd mgt Idn nude rdng. Thdi gian trilu dang vd trieu nit bdng nhau,<br /> Cung theo cdc tdi lieu tren thi thuy trilu tai vimg Hdng Gai va cac viing lan can cd cdc<br /> ddc diem sau:<br />  Gidi phdp irng dung ndng luang thiiy trieu de sdn xudt dien ndng<br /> 2g') ciins ccni cho ddn cu tren cdc vung ddo thudc tinh Qiidns Ninh<br /> - 0 vune Hdng Gai, trilu len cao nbal loi 4.4m tren sd "0 do sau" va xudng thdp<br /> nhat td^i 0,0m. Sd ngay trong nam cd myc nude trieu cao tir 3,5m trd len la 170<br /> ngay.<br /> - 0 cua Ong, trilu cao nhdt tdi 4,7m tren sd "0 do sau" va xuong thdp nhdt tdi<br /> 0,1m, So ngay trong nam cd myc nude tneu cao tir 3,5 m trd len Id 209 ngdy.<br /> - 0 Hdn Ddu, tneu cao nhat tdi 4,0m tren so "0 do sau" vd xudng thdp nhdt tdi<br /> 0,Oni. So ngay trong nam cd muc nude tricu cao tir 3,5 m trd len cd 80 ngay.<br /> Nhu vay d vimg bldng Gai, Cua Ong, thuy tneu dang cao ban vd sd ngdy cd myc<br /> nude cao nhilu ban so vdi a Hdn Dau. Tai cdc vimg nay cd dicu kicn ung dyng dien thuy<br /> tricu lot ban,<br /> Dya thco cdc bang thing kc vc dicn bicn tricu lai Quang Ninh ta thdng kc dugc dp<br /> chenh giiia myc nude Idn vd myc nude rdng (bicn do dao dgng thuy tricu) trong cdc thdng<br /> tir thang 3 din thang 12 - 2006 nhu sau:<br /> NIU tinh do chenh muc nude tii' 1,5 m trd len thi:<br /> - Thdng 3 cd 23 ngay, - Thang 6 cd 21 ngdy,<br /> - Thdng 9 cd 19 ngay, - Thang 12 cd 25 ngdy.<br /> Cdn ncu tinh do chcnh myc nude tir 2,0 trd Icn thi:<br /> - Thdng 3 cd 19 ngay, - Thdng 6 cd 19 ngay,<br /> - Thdng 9 cd 17 ngay, - Thdng 12 cd 21 ngdy.<br /> Nhu vay ncu la lap cac may thuy dicn vdi cot nude H = 1,5 - 2,0 m thi cac may thuy<br /> dien cd the lam viec sudt 2/3 sd ngdy trong thang. Cdn neu ha cdt nude Idm viec ciia tua bin<br /> thap hon 1,5 m tbi sd ngay lam vice trong thdng cdn nhieu ban nua.<br /> <br /> 2.3. Ket qud khdo sdt cdc bdi trieu d huycn ddo Vdn Ddn Qudng Ninh<br /> Huyen Van Ddn gdm nhieu xa dao nam rdi rdc dgc bd bien Vinh Ha Long. Ket qua<br /> khdo sdt lai cdc xd ddo Quan Lan, Minh Chdu, Nggc Virng cho thdy, cae xa ddo ndy co<br /> nhicu ddm, bd chua vdi mat nude rdt rgng, tir vdi chuc tdi hdng tram hcc ta, ddn dang sii<br /> dyng nudi hdi sdn, hdng ngdy dcu Idy nude vao vd xd nude ra rdt thudn lgi cho viec sit dyng<br /> dc phat dien, Trong trudng hgp nay may phat dicn chi 1dm vice theo mgt chieu, khi nude xa<br /> ra tu hd chira,<br /> <br /> Dac biet cdc xa ddo nay cd cac khe lach, vd vinh nhd (nhu lach Ddu Ngdi, khe Ke<br /> T d c . ) cd dien tich mat nude rdt rgng (tren lOOba), cd cira vdo hep rdt thudn tien cho viec<br /> xdy dap ngdn dang nude tao cot dp chay may. Vdi cdc khe lach va vjnh nhd cd the xdy<br /> dyng cac nhd mdy dien thuy trilu boat dgng theo hai chilu, cd khi trilu len va khi trieu<br /> xudng.<br /> <br /> Nhin chung tai cdc xa ddo cd nhilu dam, pha tu nhien va nhan tao, dan cu dia phuang<br /> su dyng dc nudi trdng va khai thdc thuy sdn. Do chenh muc nude khi thuy trilu len xudng<br /> tai cdc ddm vao khodng 1,2 - l,8ni, cd khd ndng ndng cao len 2,0 - 2,2m nlu tiln hanh gia<br /> cd bd ddm.<br /> <br /> Qua viec khdo sdt danh gia tilm ndng ung dung dien thuy trilu tai cac xa dao huyen<br /> Vdn Ddn ta cd the rut ra cac nhan xet sau:<br />  ppnh Lien. Vd Sy Huynh 283<br /> <br /> <br /> - Tai cdc vimg nay c6 tiem ndng irng dung nang lugng thuy trieu phat dien rat<br /> phong phu.<br /> - Cd thi kit hgp viec nudi trdng thuy sdn va phdt dien phuc vy sdn xuat vd ddi<br /> sdng.<br /> - Cd thi ddu tu xdy dung cdc nha mdy dien thuy trieu cdng suat tir mgt vai chuc<br /> din hdng tram kW phuc vy sdn xudt va ddi sdng thay cho ngudn dien diezel<br /> vira tdn kem va d nhieni mdi trudng.<br /> <br /> 3. Cac phuo'ng an sii- dung nang lu-ong thuy trieu va giai phap cong trinh tram<br /> » Qua phdn tren ta thdy rdng, cdc nhd mdy dien thuy trieu cd the lam viec (phat dien)<br /> theo mgt chilu hoac hai chilu theo su len xuong cua thuy trilu. Lien quan tdi dieu dd ta cd<br /> cac giai phdp khdc nhau ddi vdi cdng trinh nha tram vd thiet bj.<br /> <br /> J,;. Nhd mdy dien thuy trieu vdi tua bin lam viec theo hai chieu<br /> a/ Khi tua bin thuy lire la tua bin hudng tnic kieu ndm ngang<br /> Trong trudng hgp nay td mdy cd kit cdu dang id ken. May phdt va cac bg phdn lien<br /> quan dugc bo tri trong vd kin hinh to ken. Cdn bdnh cdng tdc va cdc canh hudng dugc bd tri<br /> ngoai tl ken dl true tilp thyc hien qua trinh trao ddi ndng lugng vdi ddng chdt Idng (xem<br /> hinh I). Kit cdu nay thudng dugc thyc hien vdi cdc tua bin cd cdng sudt Idn. Khi dd, vd<br /> dang to ken cd khdng gian du rgng dl bo tri may phat dien va cdc thiet bi lien quan. Toan<br /> bg tl ken dugc dd bdi cac try chdng cd dang khi ddng hge de gidm tdn thdt cua ddng chdy.<br /> <br /> b/Khi tua bin thuy lire Id tua bin hudng true kieu tnic dirng<br /> Ddi vdi cdc tua bin thuy luc cdng sudt nhd, dl gidm chi phi chl tao vd tang hieu suat<br /> lam vice cua Id may (vi thdng thudng tua bin lam vice hai chieu cd hicu sudt thdp ban so<br /> vdi tua bin lam viec mdt chilu). ngudi ta su dung ma bin Idm viec mgt chieu vdi chuc nang<br /> nhu ddi vdi tua bin lam vice hai chilu, Khi do phai thiet ke va xdy dung tr?m sao cho ma<br /> bin cd thi lam viec vdi cdc do chenh myc nude khdc nhau tir hai phia. Ket cau nhu vay<br /> dugc thi hien tren cac hinh 2 vd 3.<br /> Cita ch.iii V l_<br /> Tii.i bin<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> CiM ch^'in V2<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> VOficMnJii- cuyymv^.<br /> Hinh 2 Sa dd td mdy phdt dien lam viec vai<br /> Hinh 1. Td mdy thuy dien hinh td ken Idm dd chenh muc nude khde nhau tu hat phia.<br /> viec theo hai chieu.<br />  Gidi phdp irng dung ndng luang thiiy trieu de sdn xudt dien ndng<br /> 284 cung cap cho ddn cu tren cdc vung ddo thudc tinh Oudns Nirih<br /> Nguyen ly lam viec cua to mdy<br /> theo sa do ndy nhir sau :<br /> Khi thuy trilu ddng len tao ra do<br /> chenh muc nude giira nude bien phia<br /> ngodi dap vd nude trong hd chua, ta md<br /> cua chdn nude vdo VI vd cua chdn nude<br /> ra RI. Nude se chdy vdo budng xodn qua<br /> cira VI, qua tua bin vd thodl ra khdi budng<br /> dan ddng ra qua cira chdn RI.<br /> Trong khi dd cua chdn nude vao V2<br /> va cua chdn nude ra R2 ddng lai. Tua bin<br /> lam vice tdi khi do chcnh myc nude giira<br /> hai phia gidm tdi gid tri tinh todn nao dd Hinh 3. Mdng ddn ddng vdo tua bin tir hai<br /> se dirng lai. Nude dugc tiep tyc Idy vdo hd phia.<br /> chua cho tdi khi trieu len tdi dinh cao<br /> nhdt cd the.Khi do chenh myc nude giua trong va ngodi dap thdp, neu md cira chan nude ra<br /> R2, nude se chdy qua budng ddn ddng ra tir cua R2 tdi RI, dgng nang cua nd 1dm tang them<br /> lye hut d loi ra cua tua bin, do dd 1dm tdng them cot dp lam viec cua tua bin.<br /> Khi tricu bat ddu rut xuong tdi gid tri nao dd thi cho tua bin 1dm viec trd lai. Khi do,<br /> cua chdn nude vao V2 vd cira chdn nude ra R2 md ra, cdn cdc cira chan nude vdo VI, va<br /> cira chan nude ra RI ddng lai. Nude se chdy qua cira V2 vao budng xodn qua tua bin va qua<br /> cua R2 thoat ra khdi budng ddn dong ra. Tua bin se lam viec tdi khi myc nude gidm tdi gia<br /> tri tinh todn nao dd thi dirng lai chd chu ky tiep theo cua nude thuy trieu.<br /> Trong sa dd nay budng dan ddng vdo cd dang nira xoan. Mat tren cua nd ed the kin<br /> hoac hd. Budng dan ddng ra la mgt dng tiet dien hinh chu nhat, dugc due bang be tdng hoac<br /> xdy gach, trdn tren bdng be tdng, cd lo trdn rgng de lien kit vdi ong hut cua tua bin.<br /> <br /> 3.2. Nhd mdy dien thuy trieu vdi tua bin lam viec theo mot chieu <<br /> T^i cdc xa ddo huyen Vdn Don va cdc xd ven biln thugc huyen yen Hung ed nhieu<br /> dam, bd ty nhien va nhdn tao, dan cu dia phuang su dyng dl nudi trdng thuy san. Cdc ho va<br /> ddm nay duac thudng xuycn thay mgt phdn nude lai dyng su dao dgng cua mirc nude thuy<br /> trieu. Muc nude trong dam va hd chira se thay ddi trong mgt gidi ban nhdt djnh.<br /> Ta cd the tan dung su dao ddng ndy cua myc nude trong hd dl phat dien cung cap cho<br /> san xudt va ddi sdng. Nhu vay klii trilu len nude dugc tich vdo hd va khi trilu xudng nude<br /> duac thao qua bin chay mdy phdt dicn. Nude chi ha thdp tdi muc nhdt dinh rdi dirng lai doi<br /> chu ky tiep theo cua thuy trilu. j<br /> Dya theo ddc diem nay ta se sir dung cac td may phat dien lam viec mgt chieu. Tua^<br /> bi n su dung d ddy se la cdc tua bin hudng trye ddt dimg, cot nude thap.<br /> <br /> Khi nude tich vdo hd thi tua bin ngirng lam viec. Cdn khi xa bdt nude ho thi tua bin sei<br /> phdt dien nap dc quy hoac true tilp sir dung cho cac thilt bi dien. Sa dd kit cdu nha tram.:<br /> trong^trudng hgp nay se dan gian hon (xem hinh 4).Tram dien thuy trilu kilu nay co kk<br /> cau rat don gian cd the ket ndi vdi cdc cdng Idy nude vao vd thao nude ra d cac dam, ho<br /> nudi tdm.<br /> rg Danh Lien. Vd Sv Huynh 285<br /> <br /> <br /> Tua bin<br /> Buoiiii dim<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> /Ciia chdn<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 4. Sa dd ket cdu nhd tram td mdy thuy dien lam viec mdt chieu<br /> <br /> 4. Tinh toan so- bo kha nang cung cap dien nang cua cac dam ho nuoi thuy san<br /> Ddm hd nudi thuy sdn cd myc nude chenh lech giiia trong vd ngodi dap khi xd nude ra<br /> dao dgng trong khodng tir 1,2 den 1,5m. Neu dap dap len cao them 20cm nua thi do chenh<br /> muc nude se dao ddng trong khodng 1,4 den 1,7m.<br /> <br /> a/ Tinh cho 1 hec ta mat nude thi ndng lirgng du trir de sdn xudt dien ndng duac tinh hdng<br /> - Lugng nude dy tru khi mirc nude dao ddng tir 1,4 den 1,7m Id:<br /> V = 0,3mx 10000m-= 3000 m \<br /> - Thdi gian xd la 8 gid, thi luu lugng nude dugc xd Id;<br /> <br /> Q = X = ^ ^ . 3 7 5 t n ^ / h = 0,104m^/s<br /> t 8<br /> - Cdng sudt ddng nu&c tgo ra duac Id:<br /> N| = 9,81QH = 9,81.0,104.1,55= 1,581 kW.<br /> <br /> h/Neu hd nu&c cd dien tich 10 hec ta thi cdng sudt nhdtn duoc Id:<br /> N|o= lO.N, = I5,81kW.<br /> Nlu sir dyng cdc td mdy cdng sudt 3 - 5 kW thi hieu sudt t l may cd gid tri gdn diing<br /> bang :<br /> q = pTBqMP= 0,80.0,80 = 0,64.<br /> Klii dd ta nhdn duac cdng sudt bdng :<br /> NTM = N|„. q = 15,81.0,64= 10,118 kW.<br /> Nhu vay moi mgt hec ta mat hd chira nude tai cdc ddm, hd nudi thuy sdn se cho ta cdng<br /> suat Idp mdy bdng IkW. Hd cd dien tich mat nude 100 hec ta se cho ta cdng sudt lap may<br /> bdng lOOkW.<br /> Tuy nhien kit qud ndy chi dp dyng cho cac dam bo nudi thiiy san, may phdt dien chi lam<br /> viec mgt chilu va vdi mire nude xa ban chl. Trong trudng hgp may phdt dien lam viec hai<br /> chilu va miire xd khdng ban chl, cdng sudt lap mdy se Idn ban nhieu.<br />  Gidi phdp ung dung ndng luang thuy trieu de sdn xudt dien ndng<br /> 286 cung ciip cho ddn cu tren cdc vims ddo thudc tinh Qudng Ninh<br /> NIU tai cdc xd ddo ta sir dung cac may thuy dien lam viec hai chieu va vdi muc nude<br /> chenh dao dgng Idn chiing ta se nhdn dugc cdng sudt dii de phyc vu cho ddi sdng vd sinh<br /> boat cua cu ddn tren ddo.<br /> Vdn de d day la phai lua chgn dugc phuang an xay dung tram dien thuy trieu hgp ly,<br /> lya chgn loai may vdi cdng sudt thich hgp, may mdc thiet bi phai cd khd ndng chiu dugc<br /> mdi trudng nude man, van hanh thudn tien, gid thanh thich hgp thi mdi cd the day manh<br /> duac viec khai thdc vd irng dung dicn thuy trieu phuc vu san xuat vd ddi song cua cu dan<br /> tren dao, nhdm ddng gdp cho su phdt trien kmh te vd cung-cd qudc phdng, bdo ve vimg lanh<br /> thd tren bien cua Td qudc,<br /> <br /> Ket luan.<br /> 1. Tiem ndng irng dyng dien thuy trieu tai cac viing ddo va ven bien tinh Qudng Ninh.<br /> Dao dgng myc nude thuy trieu d Viet Nam so vdi nhieu nai tren the gidi khdng cao, ,<br /> nen tiem ndng ndng luang thuy trieu d nude ta chi d muc trung binh. Tuy nhien ddy la<br /> ngudn ndng luang sach, thdn thien vdi mdi trudng vd la ngudn nang lugng tiem ndng khi '•<br /> cdc ngudn ndng lugng boa thach dang trd nen can kiet. j<br /> d Nude ta thi tiem nang ndng lugng thuy trieu d Quang Ninh la Idn nhdt, khoang 1,3 ;<br /> ty kWh/nam , chiem khoang 80% ndng lugng thuy trieu loan quoc (theo "De dn quy hoach \<br /> dien tiiuy trieu Viet Nam " eiia Vien Ndng Lugng). I<br /> Trong khi do nhu cdu nang lugng dien tai cac xa dao va cac xa ven bien tai tinh Quang \<br /> Ninh la rdt Idn, dien ludi khdng keo tdi dugc chu yeu dimg dien diezel, gid dien dat gap \<br /> nhieu Idn dien ludi va khdng lien tyc, chi cd vdi ba tiing vdo budi toi. I<br /> Neu tan dyng dugc ngudn ndng lugng thuy trilu se la ngudn nang lugng sach, gia re ,<br /> vd khdng bao gid can kiet. \<br /> 2. Khd ndng khai thdc dien thuy trilu. i<br /> Tai cac xa ddo huyen Van Ddn Qudng Ninh cd nhilu bai trilu rgng tir vai chuc tdi ;<br /> hdng tram hec ta cd cua hep thdng vdi biln rdt thudn tien cho viec xdy dyng cdc hi chua !<br /> tich nude thuy trieu khi len, tao ra do chenh cot nude cd khi nude trilu len va trilu rut.<br /> Ngoai ra cdn cd nhieu ddm , ho chua nudi tdm va hai san thudng xuyen lay nude vao<br /> vd xa nude ra cd do chcnh cot nude khi xd tir 1,2m din I,5ni, rdt thudn tien dl Idp ddt cdc t l .<br /> may thuy dien cue nhd cdng sudt tu vdi trdm oat din vdi chuc kW. ;<br /> T|n dyng cdc bai trilu vd cdc ddm hd nay cd thi kliai thdc dugc nguon nang lugng ,<br /> dang ke phyc vu cho sdn xudt, sinh boat cua cu ddn sdng tren ddo va phuc vu cho du ljch<br /> sinh thdi.<br /> <br /> 3. Kha ndng che tao vd cung cap thilt bj phuc vu cho viec khai thac nang lugng thuy<br /> trieu<br /> Ket qua cua eac de tai NCKH do Trung tdm Nghien ciru Nang lugng mdi Dai hpc<br /> Bach khoa Ha ngi vd mgt so cac ea sd nghien ciru khdc trong nude thuc hien, cho thdy<br /> rang, viec nghien cim che tao cdc thilt bi tua bin vd mdy phat dien dl khai thac dien thuy<br /> tneu la hoan toan co the thuc hien duac trong dilu kien cdng nghe hien nay d nude ta.<br /> le Danh Lien, Vd Sv Huynh , 287<br /> <br /> <br /> Dya theo cdc mau may thuy dien nho do trung tdm Nghien cuu Nang lugng mdi<br /> nghien cim che tao trude ddy, cd the cdi tien, thiet ke, che tao ra cac mau may thuy dien<br /> mdi phii hgp cho dilu kien cot nude thdp, dao ddng vd mdi trudng nude man.<br /> 4. Gidi phdp cung cdp dien ddng bg.<br /> De cung cdp dien thudng xuyen, lien tyc cho ddn cu tren ddo cdn cd cdc gidi phdp<br /> ding bd, ket hgp khai thdc nang lugng dien thuy trieu ciing vdi cdc dang ndng lugng khdc<br /> ^nhu nang lugng mat trdi, ndng lugng gid hoac ndng lugng tir viec chay cdc mdy phdt dien<br /> diezel.<br /> \ Ngodi ra cdn cd cdc gidi phdp tich trir dien nang de bii cho nhirng liic cac may dien<br /> thuy trieu khdng lam viec do cot nude dang trong luc cdn bang. Ddi vdi mgt nguon ndng<br /> lugng nhd tbi diing dc quy la gidi phdp hgp ly. Tuy nhien ddi vdi mdt ngudn nang lugng Idn<br /> thi viec dimg dc quy cd the se khdng hgp ly. Dd la mgt khd khan cdn dugc nghien ciru gidi<br /> quyet khi khai thdc ndng lugng thuy trieu.<br /> 5. Nghien cim thiet ke, che tao cdc thiet bi thuy dien lam viec hai chieu.<br /> De khai thac hieu qud ban cdc ngudn ndng lugng thuy trieu can ddu tu nghien cim cdc<br /> thiet bj thuy dien lam viec hai chieu. Cdc thiet bi ndy cd the lam viec cd khi trieu len va<br /> trieu nit.<br /> Dd thudng Id cac thiet bi tua bin hudng trye cot nude thap dang Capsun (hay td ken).<br /> Cdc thiet bi d nude ngodi cung da nghien cuu, che tao vd dua vao sir dyng. Tuy nhien d<br /> nude ta ddy cdn Id vdn de mdi cdn ddu tu nghien ciru che tao de tao ra cdc thiet bi tua bin<br /> lam viec hai chicu cd hieu sudt cao d cdc hai chieu lam vice.<br /> <br /> Tai lieu tham khao.<br /> [1] Tmng tam Khi tugng Thuy van Bicn, "Bdng thuy trieu tap 1 ", 1997^ 2007.<br /> [2] Vu Nhu Hoan, "Thuy trieu a ven bien Viet Nam ", 2000, '<br /> [3] Vu Hdng Son, "Bdo cdo tdm tdt de dn Quy hoach nhd mdy dien thuy tneu d Viet Nam "; ms:<br /> G90, 2005.<br /> [4] Trudng Dai hoc Bach khoa Ha noi, Tmng tam Nghien ciru Nang lugng moi, Bao cao khoa hoc:<br /> De tai "Nghien cdu irnt; dia^q dien thiiy trieu cho cdc ddo thugc Tinh Qudng Ninh i, ma s6<br /> 82006-01-47. Ha noi-2008.'<br /> [5] Dang Dinh Thing - Lc Danh Lien, "Ca sd Ndng lugmg mdi vd tdi tgo ", Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc<br /> va Ky thuat. Ha noi 2006.<br />