76<br />
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NG6NNGU;&Ddl S 6 N G<br />
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S l 1 (243)-2016<br />
<br />
[NGON N G C TRONG NHA T R U C N G I<br />
<br />
GIAO DUC NANG L ^ C GIAO TIEP<br />
TRONG MON TIENG VI$T 6 B^C TIEU HQC<br />
TAI VIET NAM NHIN TlT GOC DQ LI THUYET VE<br />
THELOAITHEO TRU'OnVG PHAI SYDNEY<br />
LITERACY EDUCATION IN THE PRIMARY YEARS IN VIETNAM<br />
FROM THE SYDNEY-SCHOOL GENRE PERSPECTIVE<br />
N G 6 T H | BICH T H U<br />
(TS; University of New England, Australia)<br />
Abstract: Vietnamese literacy education has been a great concern to tbe whole of Vietnam's<br />
society. Recently, tbe Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training has been striving to<br />
implement the most rigorous education reform in history to the whole education system,<br />
including school education and higher education in all subject areas. This paper discusses the<br />
ranges of genres being taught in the Vietnamese Language Arts subject area in tbe primary<br />
schools in Vietnam in comparison with Austi^lian primary schools. The paper also puts forward<br />
a proposal for tbe inclusion of a range of genres in primary literacy education in response to the<br />
current reforms in Ll education in Vietnam.<br />
Key words: literacy education reform; the prunary years; Tbe Sydney school genre theory;<br />
Systemic Functional Linguistics; Vietnam; Austtalia.<br />
1. Dan nhgp: Nhu cau phai doi mdi chmmg dugc dgy d bgc tieu hgc tgi Australia vd tft d6 lut<br />
trinh day hpc tiing Vift<br />
kiiJi nghifm sogn tiido chuong trinh cho mdn hpc<br />
Chat lupng gido dye ndi chung va chat lugng ndy tgi Vift Nam.Ca sd If tiiiQ^t cho cdr^ trinh<br />
day hpc mfln Tieng Vift vd Ngft Vdn ndiriSngcfta ngjiifin cftu ndy Id If tiiuylt Ngdn ngft hpc Chde<br />
ehiing ta dang la moi quan tdm rat Idn ciia toan xd ndng hf thong vd Iitiiuyetvl the logi tbeo tnrdng<br />
hfi. Tai phiSn hpp Quoc hfi ngdy 20/10/2015, Chii phdi Sydn^. Ddy cung Id nhftng ca sd li t h i ^<br />
tteh Uy ban Trung uong Mgt trgn To quoc Vift dugc dp dyng cho vi?c thilt kl chuong trinh Ngtt<br />
Nam, Nguyen Thifn Nhan da phat bilu rdng vdn eiia Australia (The Australian curriculum:<br />
"Nbdn ddn chua hdi long vdi chat lugng ^ao dye English; ACARA, 2014) va ngdy cdng cd t ^ finh<br />
hifn tgi" (Hodng Thuy, 2015). Nghi Quy6t sl 29- budng sdu rfng d ^ vifc gjdng dgy Ngft vSn vd<br />
NQ/TW eiia Ban ehdp hanh Trung Uong Dang Ngdn ngft tgi nhilu cpioc gia tren tbe gjdi nhu<br />
/1A,^A<br />
x _ 2013)<br />
^ n n ^ da<br />
As nhan<br />
_ i . i manh<br />
I nbu<br />
L.. cau<br />
_ i . . ".*i:<br />
e;<br />
TT<br />
i-\..i_ Indonesia,<br />
T I<br />
!- u-._<br />
Odiod -VT<br />
XI, -ndm<br />
"doi Singapore,<br />
Trung<br />
Quoc,<br />
Hoa i,i<br />
kl, A«k<br />
Anh,<br />
m(M cdn bdn, toan difn gido dye vd dao tao vl myc Brazil, Argentina (Achu^, Schleppegrell, &<br />
tieu, ngi dung vd phuong pbap".Mft trong nhung Oteiza, 2007; Brisk, 2014; CoflRn, 2009; Emilia &<br />
nhifm vy ciia cdng cufc c£u each gido dye lan nay Hamied, 2015; Gebbard, Chen, Graham, &<br />
la "Ting kit, danh gia chuong trinh vd sdch gido Gunawan, 2013; Schleppegrell, 2013; Sujatna,<br />
khoa hifn bdnh dl xdc djnh r5 nhftng uu diem can 2012).<br />
thfta ke, phat huy va ban che bat cap can khdc<br />
2. Khdi nifm dinnig dai v l ndng lyc ^ao<br />
phyc" (MOET 2015, tt.2).Ngbi quylt nay Id kim tilp (literacy)<br />
chi nam cho cdc boat dfng nghien cftu danh gjd<br />
Trong nhflng tfiito ki qua, khdi nifm "literal'<br />
chuong trinh vd dgy hpc ve nang lyc gjao tilp ed nhilu chuyin b i ^ cCmg vdi sy phdt tiiln eda<br />
(litaacy) titing mdn Tieng Viet vd N ^ Van t^ kinb tl xd bf i vd c&ig ngjif. Tbeo cdch bilu tiuy^<br />
tiudng pbl ttidng. Bdi bao ndy se danh gja diuong thing, ndng lyc "fiteracy" Id khd ndng bilt dpc,<br />
trinh Tiing Vift tieu bgc tren khia canh till logi bilt v i 4 Ndm 1958, t l chftc Gido dye, Khoa hpc<br />
vdn bdn, doi chilu so sanh vdi cac ttie loai van ban vd \ ^ hod cfta Li&i bifp quIc (UNESCO) djiih<br />
<br />
So 1 (243)-2016<br />
<br />
N G O N NGU" & Btfl<br />
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S6NG<br />
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77<br />
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n^iia ngudi cd ndng lyc "literacy* Id "ngudi cd hg phdt triin duge cdc kiin thdc, kt ndng vd<br />
the dgc bilu vd vilt nhftng cdu don gidn vl phdn xg de diin gidi vd sd dyng ngdn ngit mpt<br />
cufc sing tiiudng nhft ciia minh" (UNESCO cdch tv tin cho vipe hpc tgp vd giao tiep trong<br />
2004, fr.l2). Tbeo nghTa rfng bon, ndng lyc vd ngodi nhd trudng, vd tham gia mpt cdch<br />
"literacy" dugc bilu Id ndng lyc gjao tilp ndi hipu qud vdo cdc hogt dpng ngodi xa hpi. Ndng<br />
ehung, chft khdng chi gidi bgn d ndng lye dgc Ivc giao tiip bao gdm khd ndng nghe. dpc. xem,<br />
vd viet. Song gdn day, khdi nifm ndy cdn dugc ndi. viit vd tgo Ipp cde logi vdn bdn ndi, in dn,<br />
tilp tyc md rfng, khi md y nghTa dugc tmyIn hinh dnh va dipn tu, vd khd ndng su dyng vd<br />
tdi khflng chi qua kenh ngdn ngft ty nhien md diiu chinh ngdn ngft cho cdc myc dich khdc<br />
con cd tbi dugc b l sung hodc thfm chi thay thi nhau trong hang logt cde ngit canh khdc<br />
bdng cdc k€nb khdc ho$c sy kit bgp cfta ede nhau".<br />
kSnh khde nhau nhuam thanh, binh dnh, eft chi<br />
Vai trd vd ciing quan ttgng cfta ndng lye<br />
difu bf, v.v. Do dd, de duge eoi Id ngudi cd giao tilp dii vdi ddi song eiia cde cd nhan vd<br />
ndng lyc literacy trong tbi gidi duong dgi, con cfng ding la dilu khdng tbi phii nhfn<br />
ngudi cdn phdi cd khd ndng giao tiep vugt ra (UNESCO 2004, tt.l4). Cd duge mft quan<br />
khfli kenh ngdn ngft vilt hay ndi. Vi thi, nifm tiln bg ve ndng lyc giao tilp, phdn dnh<br />
phuong difn "da phuang thdc " can dugc dua dftng bdn chdt cfta giao tilp vd vai trd cua nd<br />
vdo khdi nifm ndng lyc literacy hifn nay trong xd hfi hifn dgi la mft dieu vd eung quan<br />
(Kalantzis & Cope, 2012). Hon nfta, ti^ng thi trgng dii vdi cdc tdc gid Idm chuong trinh vd<br />
gidi todn eau hod, da van bod nbu hifn nay, con nhihig ngudi hogch dinh chfnh sdch ve gido<br />
ngudi eung can phdi cd khd ndng giao tiep phu dye. De Vift Nam cd thi nang tdm ndng lyc<br />
hgp vdi cdc ngft ednh xd hfi vd vdn hod (social giao tilp ciia edng ddn minh ed thi sdnh ngang<br />
and cultural contexts) khdc nhau. Cdc ylu to vdi ede nude phdt trien tbi quan nifm mdi ndy<br />
eda ngft ednh xd hfi bao gom de tdi giao tilp vl ndng lyc giao tilp cdn dugc dua vdo chucmg<br />
(Field), mli quan hf cua cdc tham tbi trong trinh gido dye eiia tat ed cdc mfln hpc. Bdn dy<br />
giao tilp (Tenor), kfinh vd quy cdch giao tilp ttido Chucmg tiinh Giao dye Phi ttiflng ting ttil<br />
(Mode). Cdc ylu t l cfta ngft ednh vdn hod gom dugc Bf Gido dye vd Ddo tgo cdng bl thang 8<br />
m\ic dfch xd hfi (social purposes) vd bli ednh ndm 2015 (MOET 2015) dd xdc nhan tdm quan<br />
vdn hod (cultural settings). Do dd, khia canh trpng rat Idn cua ndng lyc giao tilp khi coi dd Id<br />
"vSn hod" hogc "sv da dgng eda xd hgi" eung mft trong nhftng ndng lyc chung cdn dugc phdt<br />
cdn duge b l sung vao khdi nifm ndng lyc giao ttiln trong tdt cd cdc mdn bgc. Ddy Id mft bude<br />
tilp ttuyen tiling (Kalantzis & Cope, 2012). tiln ddu ti€n rat ddng hoan ngb€nh ciia nhung<br />
Vdi bai kbfa canh dugc bo sung tbfim tft thyc ngudi thilt kl chuong trinh. Budc tilp tbeo, de<br />
tiln ciia sy phdt friln kinh tl xd hfi, cdng nghf hifn tiiyc hod y tudng ndy cdn phdi dua quan<br />
vd qud trinh todn edu bod Id sy "da phuong nifm nSng lyc giao tiep hifn dgi vdo vifc phdt<br />
thftc" vd sy "da dgng ciia xd hgi", ttiuft ngft triin chuong trinh vd bifin sogn sdch gido khoa<br />
"nSng lyc giao tilp" dd ti:d thdnh "da ndng lyc cbo tdt cd cdc mdn hgc. Moi mdn hpc deu y6u<br />
giao tilp" (multi-literacies) theo nhu kit qud edu ndng lyc giao tilp khdc nhau do cde mon<br />
nghiSn cftu nghien cftu ciia nhdm New London hpc khdc nhau deu ed nhftng d§e thii ve vdn<br />
- mft nhdm n ^ i e n cftu gIm cdc nhd chuySn bdn. Vi dy, the logi vdn bdn d$c thu ciia cdc<br />
mon nii tiing bdng ddu the gidi vl ITnh vyc mdn khoa hgc ty rtiiiSn Id ttil logi thuylt minh<br />
ndng lyc giao tilp d thdnh pbl New London, (report) bo$c gidi thfeh (explanation), trong kbi<br />
Hoa K^. Khdi nifm "da ndng lyc giao tiep" dd ttie logi vdn bdn d§e tbii ciia mfln Lich sft Iai Id<br />
dugc tiep ttiu vd dp dyng vdo Chuong trinh tudng ttiudt Ijeh sft (historical recount) vd tiiu<br />
QuIc giaAusti^Iia vdi quan nifm nhu sau:<br />
sft cd nhan (biographical recount). D ^ dilm<br />
ngdn ngft trong cdc vdn bdn khoa bgc yeu cdu<br />
"Trong Chuong trinh eda Australia, hpe sy cd dgng vd tinh khdeh quan vl vdn phong,<br />
sinh trd thdnh ngudi ed khd ndng giao tiip Idii<br />
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78<br />
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NGON N G C<br />
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& Bta<br />
<br />
trong khi cde vdn bdn Hch sft eho phep sy ddnh<br />
gid mang tinh cd nhdn ciia ngudi tao lgp vdn<br />
ban. Dfl chi Id mft vf dy rat co bdn ciia sy khdc<br />
nhau vl ddc dilm ngdn ngft ciia vdn bdn thufc<br />
edc chuyen ngdnh khac nhau. Vi thi, dl bgc<br />
sinh ed the thdnh cdng trong ede mdn hgc khdc<br />
nhau d tmdng pbl thdng cting nbu trong ddi<br />
sing bdng ngdy thi vifc dgy da dgng cdc ttil<br />
logi vdn bdn Id mft nbu cdu tdt ylu. Ddy chfnh<br />
Id nhu edu gidng dgy ndng lye giao tilp ey thi<br />
trong ngft ednh ciia ede mdn hgc cy tbe.<br />
3. Ap dyng li thuydt ve the logi theo<br />
tnrdng phdi S y d n ^ de hieu ve gido dye ndng<br />
lyc giao tiep tgi Vift Nam<br />
Bk tim hieu vd ddnh gid ve tinh binh gidng<br />
dgy nang lyc giao tiep d bfc tiiu bgc tgi Vift<br />
Nam, ti thuyet Ngdn ngft hgc chftc ndng bf<br />
thong (SFL) vd Ii thuylt v l thi logi theo tmdng<br />
phai Sydney dd duge dp dyng. SFL Id If thuyet<br />
vl ngdn ngft vugt ra khdi sy mi6u ta vl ngft<br />
phdp don thudn. Tbeo SFL, ngfln ngft Id mft<br />
nguon tgo nghTa hon Id nhung bg cdng thfte nhu<br />
edch bilu cfta ngft phdp tmyIn thing. Mft vdi<br />
dilm nii bft cfta SFL dd Id khdi nifm vl sieu<br />
chftc ndng dugc hifn thftc bod qua tdt cd cdc<br />
tang ngdn ngft vd mli liSn hf eb$t ebS gifta<br />
ngdn ngft vd ngft cdnh.Quan dilm ndy duge tbi<br />
hifn trong hlnh 1.<br />
<br />
Hinh 1: Cde tang ngon ngit vd edc sieu<br />
chuc ndng eda ngon ngit (Rose & Martin,<br />
2012)<br />
Sy tuong tdc giiia ngdn ngft vd ngft ednh xd<br />
hfi (field; tenor; mode) duge till hifn d tdng<br />
ttftu tugng nhdt Id thi logi vdn bdn (TLVB) nhu<br />
<br />
S6NG<br />
<br />
S& 1 (243)-2016<br />
<br />
tixmg Hinb 1 .TLVB, tbeo quan nifm cfta trudng<br />
phdi Sydney^ Id "mft qud tiinh xd hfi phdi trdi<br />
qua edc giai dogn vd budng tdi mft myc dfch"<br />
(a staged goal-orientation process; Rose &<br />
Martin, 2012, tt.l). Ndi cdch khdc, TLVB dugc<br />
thue ddy bdi mft myc dfch xd hfi (vf dy nhu<br />
gidi thich, thdng tin, tu£mg thugt, gidi tri,<br />
thuylt phyc, ddnh gid,...), phdi ttdi qua mpt<br />
qud ttliib ed tftng giai dogn dl dat duge myc<br />
dfch xd hfi dd vd bi chi phii bdi nhung quy<br />
udc cua mft bli ednh vdn hod ey till. TLVB<br />
cdn cd till dugc hiiu Id "nhftng qud trinh x3<br />
hfi dl dgt dugc cdc myc dfch trong mft bli<br />
ednh vdn hod" (Christie & Derewianka, 2010,<br />
tt.7). Tgi Austtalia, ttdi qua hdng thgp k!, cdc<br />
nha nghien cftu dd Ifp ra dugc so dl cdc<br />
TLVB md hgc sinh cdn phdi hgc tft tiiu hpc<br />
din trung hpc p b l thdng frong tdt cd cdc mon<br />
hpe vd dde dilm ngdn ngft ciia CM TLVB d6<br />
(Christie & Derewianka, 2010; Derewianka &<br />
Jones, 2012; Martin & Rose, 2008; Rose &<br />
Martin, 2012). Bk cd tbi chudn bj cho hpc sinh<br />
trd thdnh nhftng ngudi bgc thdnh cdng ttong<br />
tdt cd edc mdn hgc vd d nhung bge bgc cao<br />
bon, gido vien edn dgy hgc sinh dpc bilu v^<br />
tgo Ifp dugc cdc TLVB md chucmg trinh hpc<br />
ySu cdu. Mft s l TLVB chii ylu d cap tiiu hpc<br />
eiia Australia cd till dugc phdn ehia thdnh ba<br />
nhdm khdi qudt, do Id: 1/Nbdm nhiing vfin b ^<br />
cd myc dfch ldi cuon khdn gid/df c gid (ggi tdt<br />
Id loi cudn); 2/Nbdm nhftng vdn bdn cd myc<br />
dfch thdng tin eho khdn gid/dfc gid (gpi tdt Id<br />
thdng tin); 3/Nhdm nhftng vdn bdn efl myc<br />
dfch ddnh gid (ggi tdt Id ddnh gid) (Rose &<br />
Martm, 2012, fr.56). Cdc TLVB nay cd m$t<br />
trong tdt cd cdc mdn hgc trong chuong frinh<br />
pbl thdng tgi Australia nhu mfln Tieng Anh,<br />
Lieh sft, vd cde mdn Khoa hgc,...Bdng 1 frinh<br />
bdy thdng tin v l e ^ nhdm cdc thi logi dugc<br />
dgy d bgc tieu hgc tgi Australia (phdng theo<br />
Christie, 2005; Christie & Derewianka, 2010;<br />
Humphrey, Droga, & Feez, 2012; Rose &<br />
Martin, 2012).<br />
<br />
^Tni6ng phdi nfty bat ngudn tft 1(tiiuyltNg6n ngtt<br />
b^c churc nang bf tiling, dagc phAt tiiia bdi Gito su<br />
Jim Martin vd ding ngbifp tgi tnitaig DH Sydney.<br />
<br />
So 1 (243)-2016<br />
<br />
NG6NNGC*&DdlS6NG<br />
<br />
? 1: M^sd thi logi vdn ban chuih^rgc dgy dc^<br />
thi T h i'' logi<br />
' Mi^cdkh<br />
Tuimg tfiu$t<br />
van hpc<br />
<br />
79<br />
diu hpc ^Australia<br />
Giai dogn<br />
<br />
£)S k l lgi mgt cbuSi cdc sy I d ^ fliudt^ ]k<br />
mang tinh cdnhSn<br />
<br />
M i ^ t^ van £}| mi6u td c ^ < ^ d i ^ eda mft n h ^ v$l, dd<br />
hpc<br />
v$t h c ^ noi ch^ tbiibng Ifi v6i sy taidng<br />
tir6ng<br />
Tysy<br />
£)l g i ^ trf l ^ each sdng t^o ra mft chuSi cdc<br />
sy I d ^ v l cdc nhSn v ^ kfem flieo vi§c gjai<br />
quylt mlu ihuin va fliudng tgo la c a bf i dl<br />
phan anh vl cdc gia trj xahQi<br />
Giai b ^ cam E)l gjai b ^ cdm xiic trong mft cau d i u y ^ ma<br />
xiic<br />
k b & i g k ^ theo mSu t h u ^ hay giai quy^mSu<br />
(Anecdote)<br />
fliuSn.<br />
Tiiu su: dia<br />
bdn didn h c ^<br />
nguflildidc<br />
Tudng thu§t<br />
lich sft<br />
Bdo<br />
cdo<br />
thuylt minh<br />
(report)<br />
Gidiflifch<br />
<br />
Q i ^ trinh<br />
<br />
D l tudng fliu§t v l cdc s\r k i ^ trong cufc s ^<br />
cOamftcanhSn.<br />
D I ghi c h ^ l^ii mft chuSi nbOng svr ki$n ho$c<br />
mft ^ d o ^ nii bgt trong ljcb sii vd ddnh ^<br />
tim quan trpng ciia cdc s y k i ^ (16.<br />
De mi6u td b c ^ ididn k)^ mQt b i ^ tupng h o ^<br />
cdc logi h i ^ tirpng bo9c cdc bf iA§n trong mft<br />
D l gjdi flildi m$t dm trinh ho$c cdc n g i Q ^<br />
nbdn h ^ quy cdch md mft hi|n tupng xu&<br />
hi$n<br />
D I hudng din cdch hodn didnb mgt n h i ^ vg<br />
<br />
Djnbhiidng<br />
QniSicdcsgki^<br />
Sjnhhudngljd<br />
x a c dljnb dii tucmg m i ^ t d<br />
Mieutd<br />
Djnh hudng<br />
N^tiuiSn<br />
Ddnh gid<br />
Giaiqi^mflufliuSn<br />
Djnh budng<br />
Mft sy I d ^ ddng chii ^<br />
Phdn (ingOOic cdm<br />
Djnh hudng<br />
Cdcsyki^<br />
Ddnh gid cdc s\iki|n<br />
Bli ednh ljch sii<br />
ChuSicdcsyki^<br />
jdcdcsyki^<br />
Phdn logi<br />
Migu ta (hi$n tupng, cdc kilu ho$c<br />
cdc b$ phgn)<br />
Xdc djnh h i ^ tupng<br />
Gidi thlcb (chu trinh, nguy€n n<br />
<br />
MVIC dfch<br />
Cfing cy<br />
cac budc tiln bdnh<br />
Tudng fliugt D l tudng ttiugt lgi m$t cddi chfnh xdc cdc myc Mycdfdi<br />
quy trinh<br />
dfdi, cdc budc vd k ^ lugn eda mft dif n ^ ^ cac budc tiln lidnh<br />
khoa hpc<br />
Klthign<br />
TbiQ^ldiyc<br />
D l Q-anh hign cho mft >^ k i ^<br />
loigndilm<br />
Thuylt phyc<br />
Lugn cii<br />
ift chilu<br />
N h ^ m g n b lgi lugn dilm<br />
llii^'lt phyc<br />
D I Oido lugn hai ho$c nhilu bon bai y k i ^<br />
Trinh bdy cac v ^ d l<br />
Thdo l u ^ hai<br />
Trinh t % cac quan dilm khdc<br />
chilu<br />
nhau vl cdc v ^ dl d6<br />
Dira ra hirdng gjdi qiQ^<br />
HiSblnh<br />
D l trinh bdy cdm xiic ca nhdn v l m ^ tac | d i ^ Bli ednh<br />
Phdt bilu cdm<br />
Mtgu td bao qudt tdc phlm<br />
n^cdnbdn<br />
Tiinh b ^ cdm x6cvl tdc phlm<br />
Pbebbib<br />
Bli ednh<br />
Binh lugn<br />
MiSu td bao qudt tdc phlm<br />
Ddnh gdvl tdc phlm<br />
Khong phdi tat cd cdc A ^ ban md hpc sinh tiiu ttie ttiay doi d mgt mftc df nao dd.^ Chdng bgn,<br />
hpc duge hgc sS cd cdc giai dogn ttieo trinh ty<br />
mf t vdn bfin ty sy cd tbi bdt ^<br />
bdng giai dogn<br />
dftng nbu bdng trSn. Cdc giai dogn cua vfin bdn ed Affiu/fei,^ chft khdng 1 ^ ddu bdng giai dogn D/n/i<br />
<br />
N G 6 N N G 0 ' & Ddi S6NG<br />
<br />
s l 1 (243)-2016<br />
<br />
hudng dk tdng hifu ftng ldi cuon ngu6i dpc tft sy bdn ve myc dieh xd hf i vd cdc giai dogn ciia edc<br />
sdng tgo, phd each trong cdu tnic bdi vfin. Mgt vdn ttil logi.NbQng the logi vdn bdn nay khdng dil cfl<br />
bdn Thdngtin ed thi Id sy kit hgp cua van bdn Bdo ni$t trong mdn Tieng Anh md edn xudt hifn trong<br />
cdo Thuyit mmh vk Gidi thich nhu trong mft so cde mfln hpe khdc nhu Ljch sft, Khoa hgc ty nhi6n<br />
sdch ^ko Idioa ve Khoa hpc. Dgng vdn ban ting vd N ^ f ttii^ Bdng 2 dii diilu sg gilng va khac<br />
bgp ndy dugc Martin vd Rose (2008) gpi Id "vfin nhau ^fta cdc till logi vdn ban md cdc Idp dudi (tii<br />
bdn tong bgp" (macro-genre). Ti^ nhien, nhihig gJ 6-8 tiioi) vd cdc ldp tren (tft 9-12 tuoi) duge hpe d<br />
dupe trinh }xiy trong Bdng 1 Id nhting thdng tin co bfc tiiu bgc t^ Australia.<br />
Bang 2: Mgt so thi logi vdn ban chinh trong cdc mon hgc khdc nhau d bgc diu hoc<br />
Th^lofi<br />
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